7. the Classi Ication O the Dialects O Dutch
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The Fox Van Den
Of Reynaert the Fox Text and Facing Translation of the Middle Dutch Beast Epic Van den vos Reynaerde Edited by André Bouwman and Bart Besamusca amsterdam university press Of Reynaert the Fox Of Reynaert the Fox Text and Facing Translation of the Middle Dutch Beast Epic Van den vos Reynaerde Edited with an introduction, notes and glossary by André Bouwman and Bart Besamusca Translated by Th ea Summerfi eld Includes a chapter on Middle Dutch by Matt hias Hüning and Ulrike Vogl Th e production of this book was made possible by Hendrik Muller’s Vaderlandsch Fonds en NLPVF (Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature) Cover: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Front cover: detail from Chester Beatt y Library, Dublin, Ms. 61 (psalterium, Flanders, s. XIII-2, border decoration f. 61r: Reynaert and Cuwaert cf. ll. 144-48). © Chester Beatt y Library. Back cover: fox. © Jochum Kole, Heerenveen, the Netherlands Lay-out: V3Services, Baarn, the Netherlands ISBN 978 90 8964 024 6 E-ISBN 978 90 4850 233 2 NUR 113 © Besamusca, Bouwman, Summerfi eld/Amsterdam University Press, 2009 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the writt en permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Table of contents Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 9 1. Literary tradition 9 2. Th e author 14 3. Th e text 17 3.1 Th e prologue 17 3.2 Th e plot 18 3.3 Words and deeds 19 3.4 Literary space 23 3.5 Justice and its perversion 24 4. -
Mobility As a Service – Regional Pilots
Mobility as a Service – regional pilots 1. MaaS pilot Rotterdam: ‘Rotterdam-The Hague Airport’ 2. MaaS pilot Amsterdam: ‘Starting with and in Zuidas’ 3. MaaS pilot Eindhoven: ‘Sustainability’ 4. MaaS Pilot Limburg: ‘Borderless mobility Limburg’ 5. MaaS pilot Groningen-Drenthe: ‘Accessibility for rural areas’ 6. MaaS pilot Twente: ‘Participation’ 7. MaaS pilot Utrecht-Leidsche Rijn: 'Vinex'. 1. MaaS pilot Rotterdam: ‘Rotterdam-The Hague Airport’ Local authority: Municipality of Rotterdam and Municipality of The Hague. Introduction: Rotterdam-The Hague Airport is faced with a large accessibility issue. The airport is currently only easily accessible by car; 78% of the visitors to Rotterdam The Hague come by car. In addition to (inter)national travellers, this also concerns people who work at the airport, or companies that are located around it. The airport would like to experiment with new mobility solutions. MaaS can enable a seamless and smooth door-to-door journey, improve the accessibility of the airport and increase the level of service for the traveller. The MaaS service provider creates transparency in the demand for mobility, which can lead to the development of new products or the adaptation of services. Approach: The MaaS pilot will start with a focus on Rotterdam-The Hague Airport. The airport already has specific knowledge about the different types of passengers using the airport and how to reach them (e.g. airlines and travel professionals). This is valuable knowledge that will be made available to the MaaS service provider and to which the travel advice can be adapted. The (inter)national traveller is a separate target group because, for example, they usually travel with luggage and therefore do not want to use all types of mobility services. -
Possessive Constructions in Modern Low Saxon
POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN LOW SAXON a thesis submitted to the department of linguistics of stanford university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts Jan Strunk June 2004 °c Copyright by Jan Strunk 2004 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Joan Bresnan (Principal Adviser) I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Tom Wasow I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Dan Jurafsky iii iv Abstract This thesis is a study of nominal possessive constructions in modern Low Saxon, a West Germanic language which is closely related to Dutch, Frisian, and German. After identifying the possessive constructions in current use in modern Low Saxon, I give a formal syntactic analysis of the four most common possessive constructions within the framework of Lexical Functional Grammar in the ¯rst part of this thesis. The four constructions that I will analyze in detail include a pronominal possessive construction with a possessive pronoun used as a determiner of the head noun, another prenominal construction that resembles the English s-possessive, a linker construction in which a possessive pronoun occurs as a possessive marker in between a prenominal possessor phrase and the head noun, and a postnominal construction that involves the preposition van/von/vun and is largely parallel to the English of -possessive. -
Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border
Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns. -
A Window on the World
International cooperation: a window on the world 1 November 2020 2020-2025 POLICY NOTE Mathias De Clercq Mayor in charge of international cooperation City of Ghent Colophon Stad Gent (City of Ghent) Operational Management, Relationships and Networks Service Publication date November 2020 Contact Mayor Mathias De Clercq [email protected] +32 (0)9/266.54.00 www.gent.be Postal address Stad Gent – Kabinet burgemeester De Clercq Stadhuis, Botermarkt 1, 9000 Gent (Ghent) Address for visitors Botermarkt 1, 9000 Gent (Ghent) Phone: +32 (0)9/266.54.00 2 Contents Preface 5 Course of the project 6 1. Vision en priorities 7 1.1. Our vision: international cooperation en positioning are a necessity 7 1.2. Ghent's international top priorities 8 1.3. Strategy en tools 9 1.4. Initiatives 10 2. Shared international policy agenda: our partners 11 2.1. Introduction 11 2.2. Attracting and keeping international talent 11 2.3. A strong city in a dynamic (international) region 12 2.4. Administrative players Flanders and Belgium 14 2.5. The European policy agenda 15 2.6. Ghent in the rest of the world 19 2.7. External stakeholders active in Ghent 20 2.8. Initiatives 20 3. European subsidies 2021-2027 22 3.1. Introduction 22 3.2. The wider European framework 22 3.3. The Ghent approach 23 3.4. Initiatives 24 4. City diplomacy 25 4.1. Introduction 25 4.2. International networks 25 4.3. Visits and receptions 27 4.4. Foreign missions 28 3 4.5. Consultation with Flemish MEPs and the European Commission 29 4.6. -
A Geological History of Groningen's Subsurface
A geological history of Groningen’s subsurface Erik Meijles, University of Groningen Date June 2015 Editors Jan van Elk & Dirk Doornhof Translated by E.L. Howard General introduction Ground acceleration caused by an induced earthquake is strongly dependent on the composition of local shallow soils. NAM commissioned Deltares to conduct a detailed survey of the shallow subsurface above the Groningen gas field. The survey focuses on Quaternary geology with an emphasis on the upper 50 metres. This report provides an introduction to Groningen’s Quaternary geology as a background to the comprehensive Deltares report, which has culminated in a detailed model of Groningen’s shallow subsurface. This report was written by Dr ir Erik Meijles, Assistant Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Groningen. Wim Dubelaar, Dr Jan Stafleu and Dr Wim Westerhoff of TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands (TNO- NITG) in Utrecht assisted with editing this report and provided a number of key diagrams. Title A geological history of Groningen’s subsurface Date June 2015 Client NAM Author Erik Meijles, Assistant Professor Edited by Jan van Elk of Physical Geography and Dirk Doornhof Organization University of Groningen Organization NAM Significance for Research theme: earthquake Predicting ground acceleration research Explanation: Ground acceleration caused by an induced earthquake is strongly dependent on the composition of local shallow soils. NAM commissioned Deltares to conduct a detailed survey of the shallow subsurface above the Groningen gas field. This survey focuses on the Quaternary geology of Groningen with an emphasis on the upper 50 metres. Directly This research serves as background to the report entitled ‘Geological schematisation of related the shallow subsurface of Groningen’ written by various Deltares staff members. -
Interes Ng Languages Facts About the Dutch Langua
www.dutchtrans.co.uk [email protected] Dutch Trans Tel: UK +44 20-80997921 Interes�ng languages facts about the Dutch langua The main language! There are many ques�ons in regards to the Flem- ish language and how is it different from Dutch. We will give you some Flemish language facts to clear things up. With three-fi�hs of the popula�on being na�ve speakers, Dutch is considered to be the majority language in Belgium. Dutch speakers mostly living on the Flemish Region have created the Dutch variety commonly referred to as "Flem- ish". Quick Flemish language facts The usage of the word "Flemish" to refer to the Dutch variety in Northern Belgium is con- sidered informal. Also, linguis�cally, the term "Flemish" is used in other different ways such as an indica�on of any local dialects in the Flanders region, as well as non-standard varia- �ons of the Dutch language in the provinces of French Flanders and West Flanders. 1 www.dutchtrans.co.uk [email protected] Dutch Trans Tel: UK +44 20-80997921 Dialects... The usage of the Flemish in reference to the Dutch language does not separate it from the Standard Dutch or the other dialects. That's why linguists avoid the term "Flemish" to refer to the Dutch Language preferring the usage of "Flemish Dutch", "Belgian Dutch" or "Southern Dutch". Flemish formally refers to the Flemish Region, which is one of the three official regions of the Kingdom of Belgium. Flemish Varia�ons! The Flemish region has four principal varia�ons of the Dutch language: East and West Flemish, Bra- ban�an and Limburgish. -
Modernising Tbe Lexicon of Tbe West Frisian Language
Modernising tbe Lexicon of tbe West Frisian Language Hindrik Sijens (LjouwertlLeeuwarden) A new toy in the world of modem electronic communications has arrived in Fryslän, namely Internet, and along with it e-mail. When asked what these new media might be ca lied in Frisian, the answers internet and e-mail are hardly surprising. We can see that both Fryslän and the Frisian language are also tak ing part in the digitalisation of the world. New concepts, new words in tech nology retain their original Anglo-American names in most European lan guages. This paper will deal with the process of developing and renewing the Frisian lexicon. But first I am going to give a brief introduction to Fryslän itself. Fryslän is one ofthe twelve provinces ofthe kingdom ofthe Netherlands and is situated in the northem part ofthe country. Fryslän is a flat province, much of its territory being below sea level. It is protected trom the sea by dikes. The capitalof Fryslän is Ljouwert, or Leeuwarden, as it is known in Dutch. In the past, Fryslän was an agricultural pro vin ce with more cattle living there than people. Nowadays farming still plays an important role in Fryslän's economy, but both the service industries and industry itself have also become important. Fryslän has a population of about 600,000 and approximately 55% of them consider Frisian to be their first language. While about 74% of the population claim that they can speak Frisian, 94% say that they can understand it when it is spoken, 65% claim that they can read Frisian, but only 17% say that they can write it (Gorter & Jonkman 1995:9-11). -
Language and Space
Language and Space An International Handbook o Linguistic Variation Volume 2: Language Mapping Edited by Alred Lameli Roland Kehrein Stean Rabanus Oprint De Gruyter Mouton 180 II. Traditions 9. Mapping Dutch and Flemish 1. Introduction 2. Prescientific linguistic maps or dialect data covering the entire Dutch language area 3. Dialect surveys 4. Linguistic atlases of the entire Dutch language area 5. Linguistic atlases or maps covering a Dutch region (regional atlases) 6. Special linguistic atlases or linguistic maps 7. Conclusion 8. Atlases 9. References 1. Introduction The beginnings and growth of dialectology in the Netherlands and Flanders can only be discussed against the background of the situation in neighboring countries. In reaction to the Enlightenment, the Romantic period brought with it an interest in and apprecia- tion of prescientific culture and nostalgia for the past. More attention came to be paid to art, myths, fairy tales and the language of ordinary people past and present, as op- posed to the Enlightenment period interest in cultured standard language. The new focus was imported from the France of Rousseau and the Germany of Schiller. But later devel- opments in the Netherlands and Flanders did not take place in isolation either. Thus, the German linguist Georg Wenker and his French colleague Jules Gillie´ron were the unmistakable precursors of Dutch linguistic atlas projects, while the work of Jean Se´guy and of Hans Goebl served as models for dialectometry in our region. In section 2 of this chapter, we take a brief look at prescientific linguistic maps and dialect collections. In section 3, dialect surveys that have not been developed into linguis- tic atlases are discussed. -
The Impact of Dialect Loss on the Acceptance of Tus- Sentaal: the Special Case of West-Flanders in Belgium
The impact of dialect loss on the acceptance of Tus- sentaal: the special case of West-Flanders in Belgium Anne-Sophie Ghyselen and Gunther De Vogelaer Ghent University and University of Münster, Belgium and Germany INTRODUCTION Whoever studies the sociolinguistic literature in Flanders will quickly notice that the Flemish language situation manifests strong dynamics. Processes of dialect levelling and dialect loss have led to a functional elaboration of intermediate variations in between the dialects and the standard (cf. Devos 2006; Willemyns 2005), but these intermediate varieties – which have been referred to as Tus- sentaal (‘in-between-language’), Verkavelingsvlaams (‘allotment-Flemish’) or Soapvlaams (‘Soap-Flemish’) (cf. Jaspers 2001) – are also penetrating contexts in which Standard Dutch used to be the norm. While increasingly more empiri- cal studies (see e.g. Plevoets 2008) focus on this alleged standardisation of Tus- sentaal, a number of issues continue to be highly controversial. One of these is the shape of the standardisation, viz. whether one stable, clearly delineated, Bra- bantic-flavoured Tussentaal is emerging, as suggested in, for instance, Wil- lemyns (2005) and Taeldeman (2008). A second issue is the question whether dialect loss is indeed one of the main determinants of the emergence and stand- ardisation of Tussentaal (as purported in Willemyns 2005) and, more important- ly still, whether the peripheral West-Flemish dialect area, which has proven more or less resistant against dialect loss (cf. Willemyns 2008) is also resisting Tussentaal (as suggested in for instance De Caluwe 2009). In order to gain insight in these issues, it is essential to find out how Flemish language users perceive and evaluate1 Tussentaal and standard language. -
Dialects and Tussentaal a Case Study: West Flemish Negation Liliane Haegeman University of Ghent 2009-Odysseus-Haegeman-G091409
Meertens institute 17 September 2009 Linguistic variation in Belgium: dialects and tussentaal A case study: West Flemish negation Liliane Haegeman University of Ghent 2009-Odysseus-Haegeman-G091409. Part I. West Flemish and French: an informal survey of some similarities 1. Lexical borrowing (Haegeman 1992: 42) Table 1: French loanwords in (West) Flemish (Lapscheure) Standard Dutch West Flemish Translation French Fiets Velo Bicycle Vélo Vork Fersette Fork Fourchette Kop Tasse Cup Tasse Overjas Pardessus Coat Par-dessus (on top of) Wortel Karote Carrot Carotte Lift Ascenseur Lift Ascenseur Beha Soutiens bra Soutien-gorge Bewegen Bougeren Move Bouger Ergeren Embeteren Annoy Embêter Echter Pertank However Pourtant godverdomme Nondedju/tedju In god‟s name Nom de Dieu Discourse particles derived from imperative forms of verbs: (1) a Allez, né, zè m‟een al een medalie! Allez, né, zè we have already a medal b Tiens, nous avons déjà une medaille ! Tiens… Fr Tiens : < tenir: hold /take Fl Zè: < zien : see (used generally as zie in Flemish regiolect) Né : < nemen : take Allez : < aller (Fr) : go (2) a m‟een al een medalie, zè/né/allez. b Nous avons déjà une medaille , tiens. 2. Phonetic/phonological (This section is entirely based on and drawn from Noske (2005, 2007a,b) 2.1. ‘Individuele fonologische processen en segmenten’, (individual phonological processes and segments) Noske 2005, 2007 There have … been common developments in neighboring Romance and Germanic dialects. De Schutter (1999) mentions five of these phenomena: i. final devoicing (a steady feature of Dutch and German), showing up in French and Picardian (herbe „grass‟ is pronounced with a final [p] in Romance dialects of Northern France as well as of North-Eastern France and Wallonia), which constitutes an influence of Germanic onto the Romance dialects; ii. -
Aquarius in Drenthe Final Report Farmers As Water Managers
Aquarius in Drenthe Final Report Farmers as Water Managers Main goal of the Aquarius project is to develop and implement integrated agricultural and water management solutions focussed on adaptation to our changing climate. The Aquarius slogan is therefore – “Farmers as Water Managers”. 'The Drenthe pilotproject aims to make an inventory of the threats and opportunities for farming in the Veenkoloniën, a former peat district in Drenthe. Combating drought is central. While taking the current situation into account, the possible implementation and importance of certain measures in the long term (2050) are accessed. A further goal is to exchange knowledge and experience with farmers regarding a number of measures to combat drought'. Contents Introduction 4 1 Regional Description of the Veenkolonieën 6 2 Links with adjacent projects 8 3 Analysis of climate effects on agriculture 11 4 Adaptive measures in the Drentse Monden 16 5 Regional and National Communication 20 6 International Context 22 7 Conclusions 24 Introduction In December 2008 the Interreg IVB project Aquarius started. The project focuses on the relationship between climate change, water management and the role farmers play. The agricultural sector is facing new challenges to maintain the current level of production in a changing climate while contributing to a sustainable water system at the same time. Challenges are posed by, for example, longer periods of drought, intensive precipitation, changing temperatures and increase of erosion. Partners from 7 sub-projects in six different member countries of the North Sea Region have joined forces to realign, from various perspectives, the role of the farmer as water manager in view of changing climatic conditions.