Modernising Tbe Lexicon of Tbe West Frisian Language
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Possessive Constructions in Modern Low Saxon
POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN LOW SAXON a thesis submitted to the department of linguistics of stanford university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts Jan Strunk June 2004 °c Copyright by Jan Strunk 2004 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Joan Bresnan (Principal Adviser) I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Tom Wasow I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Dan Jurafsky iii iv Abstract This thesis is a study of nominal possessive constructions in modern Low Saxon, a West Germanic language which is closely related to Dutch, Frisian, and German. After identifying the possessive constructions in current use in modern Low Saxon, I give a formal syntactic analysis of the four most common possessive constructions within the framework of Lexical Functional Grammar in the ¯rst part of this thesis. The four constructions that I will analyze in detail include a pronominal possessive construction with a possessive pronoun used as a determiner of the head noun, another prenominal construction that resembles the English s-possessive, a linker construction in which a possessive pronoun occurs as a possessive marker in between a prenominal possessor phrase and the head noun, and a postnominal construction that involves the preposition van/von/vun and is largely parallel to the English of -possessive. -
Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border
Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns. -
Warten, Poarte Nei De Alde Feanen
Warten, Poarte nei de Alde Feanen fisy op de takomst fan Warten 2012-2022 Inhoudsopgave Inhoudsopgave .......................................................................................................................... 2 Voorwoord ................................................................................................................................. 3 Inleiding……………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Wonen. ...................................................................................................................................... 5 - Algemeen…………………………………………………………………………………………….…5 - Woonomgeving ....................................................................................................................... 6 - Dorpsplein .............................................................................................................................. 6 - Groen en open ruimtes ........................................................................................................... 7 Recreatie en toerisme……………………………………………………………………………………8 - Algemeen…………………………………………………………………………………………….….8 - Kengetallen 2011……………………………………………………………………………………….9 - Conclusies naar aanleiding van de kengetallen…………………………………………………….9 - Watersport…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 - Wandelroutes…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 - Fietsvoorzieningen………………………………………………………………………………...….11 - Activiteiten………………………………………………………………………………………..……11 - Verblijfmogelijkheden……………………………………………………………………………..….12 Verkeer .....................................................................................................................................12 -
Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche. -
Centraal Stembureau
Nr. 184076 25 oktober GEMEENTEBLAD 2017 Officiële uitgave van de gemeente Leeuwarden CENTRAAL STEMBUREAU Kandidatenlijsten verkiezing van de leden van de gemeenteraad van Leeuwarden De voorzitter van het centraal stembureau voor de verkiezing van de leden van de gemeenteraad van Leeuwarden; gelet op artikel I 17 van de Kieswet; maakt bekend dat voor de op 22 november 2017 te houden verkiezing de volgende geldige kandidaten- lijsten zijn ingeleverd: Lijst 1 Partij van de Arbeid (P.v.d.A.) Gecombineerd met PAL GROENLINKS Nr Naam Woonplaats 1 Jacobi, L. (Lutz) (v) Wergea 2 Feitsma, S.R. (Sjoerd) (m) Leeuwarden 3 Deinum, H.S. (Henk) (m) Leeuwarden 4 Ekhart, A. (Andries) (m) Leeuwarden 5 de Haan, H.G. (Hein) (m) Leeuwarden 6 Slagter, L.R. (Linda) (v) Grou 7 de Voogd, U.C. (Ursula) (v) Britsum 8 Tipurić, M. (Mirka) (v) Leeuwarden 9 Benmhammed, M. (Mohammed) (m) Leeuwarden 10 de Koning, E. (Eline) (v) Leeuwarden 11 Kaya, C. (Cem) (m) Leeuwarden 12 Visser, D. (Dirk) (m) Leeuwarden 13 Douma, R.I.S. (Sander) (m) Leeuwarden 14 Adema, A. (Anneke) (v) Warten 15 Aalbers, B. (Bauke) (m) Leeuwarden 16 van Santen, E.B.M. (Lydia) (v) Wergea 17 Mol, R.A.J. (Roderik) (m) Leeuwarden 18 Cornelisse, P.B. (Flip) (m) Jirnsum 19 van Barneveld, A. (Arie) (m) Grou 20 Hellegers, J.W.H. (Jop) (m) Leeuwarden 1 Gemeenteblad 2017 nr. 184076 25 oktober 2017 21 Zarza, S. (Sakar) (v) Leeuwarden 22 Heijs, T.N. (Theda) (v) Leeuwarden 23 van der Vlugt, R. (Rob) (m) Leeuwarden 24 van der Geest, T.C. (Trino) (m) Stiens 25 Jager, J. -
LCSH Section W
W., D. (Fictitious character) William Kerr Scott Lake (N.C.) Waaddah Island (Wash.) USE D. W. (Fictitious character) William Kerr Scott Reservoir (N.C.) BT Islands—Washington (State) W.12 (Military aircraft) BT Reservoirs—North Carolina Waaddah Island (Wash.) USE Hansa Brandenburg W.12 (Military aircraft) W particles USE Waadah Island (Wash.) W.13 (Seaplane) USE W bosons Waag family USE Hansa Brandenburg W.13 (Seaplane) W-platform cars USE Waaga family W.29 (Military aircraft) USE General Motors W-cars Waag River (Slovakia) USE Hansa Brandenburg W.29 (Military aircraft) W. R. Holway Reservoir (Okla.) USE Váh River (Slovakia) W.A. Blount Building (Pensacola, Fla.) UF Chimney Rock Reservoir (Okla.) Waaga family (Not Subd Geog) UF Blount Building (Pensacola, Fla.) Holway Reservoir (Okla.) UF Vaaga family BT Office buildings—Florida BT Lakes—Oklahoma Waag family W Award Reservoirs—Oklahoma Waage family USE Prix W W. R. Motherwell Farmstead National Historic Park Waage family W.B. Umstead State Park (N.C.) (Sask.) USE Waaga family USE William B. Umstead State Park (N.C.) USE Motherwell Homestead National Historic Site Waahi, Lake (N.Z.) W bosons (Sask.) UF Lake Rotongaru (N.Z.) [QC793.5.B62-QC793.5.B629] W. R. Motherwell Stone House (Sask.) Lake Waahi (N.Z.) UF W particles UF Motherwell House (Sask.) Lake Wahi (N.Z.) BT Bosons Motherwell Stone House (Sask.) Rotongaru, Lake (N.Z.) W. Burling Cocks Memorial Race Course at Radnor BT Dwellings—Saskatchewan Wahi, Lake (N.Z.) Hunt (Malvern, Pa.) W.S. Payne Medical Arts Building (Pensacola, Fla.) BT Lakes—New Zealand UF Cocks Memorial Race Course at Radnor Hunt UF Medical Arts Building (Pensacola, Fla.) Waʻahila Ridge (Hawaii) (Malvern, Pa.) Payne Medical Arts Building (Pensacola, Fla.) BT Mountains—Hawaii BT Racetracks (Horse racing)—Pennsylvania BT Office buildings—Florida Waaihoek (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) W-cars W star algebras USE Waay Hoek (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : USE General Motors W-cars USE C*-algebras Farm) W. -
The Boarnsterhim Corpus: a Bilingual Frisian-Dutch Panel and Trend Study
The Boarnsterhim Corpus: A Bilingual Frisian-Dutch Panel and Trend Study Marjoleine Sloos, Eduard Drenth, Wilbert Heeringa Fryske Akademy, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW) Doelestrjitte 8, 8911 DX Ljouwert, The Netherlands {msloos, edrenth, wheeringa}@fryske-akademy.nl Abstract The Boarnsterhim Corpus consists of 250 hours of speech in both West Frisian and Dutch by the same sample of bilingual speakers. The corpus contains original recordings from 1982-1984 and a replication study recorded 35 years later. The data collection spans speech of four generations, and combines panel and trend data. This paper describes the Boarnsterhim Corpus halfway the project which started in 2016 and describes the way it was collected, the annotations, potential use, and the envisaged tools and end-user web application. Keywords: West Frisian, Dutch, sociolinguistics, language variation and change, bilingualism, phonetics, phonology 1. Background The remainder of this paper describes the data collection and methodology in section 2. Section 3 West Frisian is mostly spoken in the province of Fryslân in describes the embedding in a larger infrastructure and the north of the Netherlands. All its speakers are bilingual section 4 provides background information about the tool with Dutch, which is the dominant language. West Frisian that is used to retrieve lexical frequency. Section 5 is mainly used in informal settings (van Bezooijen discusses previous and ongoing research, and further 2009:302) but also the most formal, viz. in the provincial research opportunities that this database may make parliament. In semi-formal interactions (e.g.shopping, in possible. Finally, section 6 concludes. church), Dutch is usually the preferred language. -
"Ich Höre Gern Diesen Dialekt, Erinnert Mich an Meine Urlaube in Kärnten
"Ich höre gern diesen Dialekt, erinnert mich an meine Urlaube in Kärnten ... ": A survey of the usage and the popularity of Austrian dialects in Vienna John Bellamy (Manchester) A survey of over 200 Austrians was undertaken in Vienna to investigate the extent to which they say they use dialect. They were asked if they speak dialect and if they do, in which situations they would switch to using predominantly Hochsprache. The responses have been analysed according to age, gender, birthplace (in Austria) and occupation to find out if the data reveals underlying correlations, especially to see if there have been any developments of note since earlier studies (for example, Steinegger 1995). The same group of informants were also asked about their opinions of Austrian dialects in general and this paper details their answers along with the reasons behind their positive or negative responses in this regard. The data collected during this survey will be compared to other contemporary investigations (particularly Soukup 2009) in an effort to obtain a broader view of dialect usage and attitudes towards dialect in Vienna and its environs. Since a very similar study was undertaken at the same time in the UK (Manchester) with more or less the same questions, the opportunity presents itself to compare dialect usage in the area in and around Vienna with regional accents and usage in the urban area of Manchester. References will be made during the course of the presentation to both sets of data. Language planning in Europe during the long 19th century: The selection of the standard language in Norway and Flanders Els Belsack (VU Brussel) The long 19th century (1794-1914) is considered to be the century of language planning par excellence. -
Modeling a Historical Variety of a Low-Resource Language: Language Contact Effects in the Verbal Cluster of Early-Modern Frisian
Modeling a historical variety of a low-resource language: Language contact effects in the verbal cluster of Early-Modern Frisian Jelke Bloem Arjen Versloot Fred Weerman ILLC ACLC ACLC University of Amsterdam University of Amsterdam University of Amsterdam [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract which are by definition used less, and are less likely to have computational resources available. For ex- Certain phenomena of interest to linguists ample, in cases of language contact where there is mainly occur in low-resource languages, such as contact-induced language change. We show a majority language and a lesser used language, that it is possible to study contact-induced contact-induced language change is more likely language change computationally in a histor- to occur in the lesser used language (Weinreich, ical variety of a low-resource language, Early- 1979). Furthermore, certain phenomena are better Modern Frisian, by creating a model using studied in historical varieties of languages. Taking features that were established to be relevant the example of language change, it is more interest- in a closely related language, modern Dutch. ing to study a specific language change once it has This allows us to test two hypotheses on two already been completed, such that one can study types of language contact that may have taken place between Frisian and Dutch during this the change itself in historical texts as well as the time. Our model shows that Frisian verb clus- subsequent outcome of the change. ter word orders are associated with different For these reasons, contact-induced language context features than Dutch verb orders, sup- change is difficult to study computationally, and porting the ‘learned borrowing’ hypothesis. -
Dialoogavonden Gebundeld Pilot Omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid
Dialoogavonden gebundeld Pilot omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid Augustus 2017 Dialoogavonden gebundeld | Omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid 1 Samen actief voor een prettige, gezonde en duurzame leefomgeving. Initiatiefnemers krijgen ruimte en vertrouwen. 2 Dialoogavonden gebundeld | Omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid Beste bewoner, In de maand juni zijn zes bijeenkomsten gehouden voor de bewoners van het Buitengebied Zuid van de gemeente Leeuwarden om mee te denken over hun omgeving. De aanleiding was dat de regels voor het gebruik van de omgeving (bestemmingsplan) toe zijn aan actualisatie. De gemeente grijpt de komende Omgevingswet aan om bewoners en gebruikers al voor aanvang te laten meedoen. Als bestuurders waren we vooral aanwezig om te luisteren en we hebben veel opgestoken. Het waren stuk voor stuk levendige avonden waarop deelnemers hun verhaal deden in kleine groepjes, stemden op vragen via de Mentimeter of een ansichtkaart volschreven met hartenkreten. Allemaal belangrijke zaken over wat mensen bezighoudt als het gaat om de dagelijkse omgeving. Voor u ligt de bundeling van resultaten van alle dorpen uit de eerste gespreksronde, zodat u kunt zien wat de totale opbrengst van de zes bijeenkomsten is. Op 13 september houden we de tweede dialoogronde met belangengroepen. Op 18 oktober volgt een gezamenlijke sessie voor zowel bewoners als groeperingen. Namens het college van b. en w. willen we u nogmaals danken voor uw tijd en hopen dat u ook in het verdere traject mee wil blijven doen en anderen wil interesseren om aan te haken. Henk Deinum, wethouder Ruimtelijke Ordening en Omgevingswet Jan Atze Nicolai, wethouder Bouwen, Wonen & Milieu en Omgevingswet Leeuwarden, september 2017 Dialoogavonden gebundeld | Omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid 3 4 Dialoogavonden gebundeld | Omgevingsplan Leeuwarden – Buitengebied Zuid Inhoud Ruimte voor Romte 7 Vragen voor iedereen 8 1. -
[1495] O Sjorem Magaaije! Fiktyf Joadsk Etnolekt Yn 'E Fryske Literatuer
US WURK LXIX (2020), p. 38 [1495] O sjorem magaaije! Fiktyf Joadsk etnolekt yn ‘e Fryske literatuer Bouke Slofstra Abstract. In the past, Westerlauwers Friesland was already inhabited by a multilingual population, including speakers of local Frisian and non- Frisian vernaculars, the Dutch standard language and etnolects of foreign origin like those of German harvesters and Jewish merchants. Frisian literature reflects this multilingual situation to some extent. The details of it have yet to be studied in a systematic way, however. This case-study exemplifies how Jews were characterized in Frisian literature, especially drama. It turns out that the stereotypical Jewish char- acter is presented as speaking a variety of artificial and real languages. This study sheds some light on the question of how literature relates to reality, prejudice and language. It is argued that Frisian literature and multilingualism interconnect, the former existing in a multilingual reality, the latter being creatively manipulated by literary fiction. 1 Ynlieding Meartaligens wie foar 1900, lykas no, in skaaimerk fan Fryslân en de Frie- zen sels. Dat feit wurdt wjerspegele yn de Fryske literatuer, en dat betsjut fansels folle mear as Fryske en Hollânske twataligens (Burger 1944, Meer- tens & Wander 1958, Vries & Breuker 1987, Jonkman & Versloot 2008). By Feike van der Ploeg komme bygelyks sprekkers fan it Hylpersk foar. Yn it wurk fan de Halbertsma‟s oppenearje stedsjers en „poepen‟ har yn har eigen taal, of alteast yn in karikatuer dêrfan. Waling Dykstra koe Biltsk en hat ek yn dy taal publisearre. Minder bekend is miskien it personaazje fan de Joadske keapman, dy‟t faak en folle yn „e Fryske skriuwerij opfierd waard, meast yn toanielstikken. -
Frisia Van 1955 Moeilijk in 1954
FRJSIA -. '\ LOSBANDIGE JEUGD IN WARTEN Oudejaarsnacht heeft de jeugd van bij de Nutsspaarban·k. Warten zich in de nachtelijke uren Er werd f 199.424,48 ingelegd en . laten gelden. Een hooischudder Oud nieuw~ uit de opgenomen f 1:40.290,41. stond in het hek van de Ned. Herv. Het Nut had ook een Nuts Pastorie. Op het plattedak van de Nijverheidsschool. Deze had-het Geref. Pastorie was eEm roei Frisia van 1955 moeilijk in 1954. Er werd gestart schouw gehesen, terwij~ er op het Deze keer kozen wij een jaargang van het weekblad Frisia die .wat meer in met 18leerlingen wat onderhand platdak 'van de Geref. Kerk een het geheugen ligt. Veien zullen zeggen oh ja, dat was ook zo. Van 1896- vermeerderde tot 24. boerenwagen was geplaatst. -tof 1977 versc~een de Frisia wekelijks met kleine en grote berichten van Dan was er nog de Nuts Een lafhartige en diep beschamen Kleuterschool. In verband met de gebeurtenissen in onze gemeente. We beginnen 7 januari 1955. de daad voor de uitvoerder(s) was slechte financiële toestand ver wel, dat men bij ièmand een pri keert dit onderwijs in éeil slechte vaat ton voor de deur ledigde. toes~and. Er wordt steeds met tekorten gewerkt. :Het jeugdwerk DE TUZENDSTE POPPE was ook een aktiyiteit van Het Nut. GROU-Fan'e wikéwaerd sûnt de Dit jeugdwerk kampte met een oprjochting yn -1929 de tûzendste groot tekort aan ruimte. Van de poppe op it Consultatie bureau kant van d~ jeugd is-er een grote voor Zuigelingen ynskreaun. It belangstelling. Aan h~.t jeugdwerk wie lytse Geartsje Akke Feenstra, ·namen ca.