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Guide of Lighthouses and Semaphores

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Guide of Lighthouses and Semaphores Guide of lighthouses and semaphores TM References Guide of lighthouses and semaphores. Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste della Sardegna, Conservatoire de l’espace littoral et des rivages lacustres (France), Agence pour la protection et l’Aménagement du Littoral en Tunisie (Tunisia), Société pour la Protection de la Nature au Liban (Lebanon), Municipality of Tyre (Lebanon). Legal note These guidelines have been written under the MED-PHARES project "Integrated Management Strategies to develop the heritage of lighthouses, semaphore stations and maritime signaling systems of the Mediterranean", funded by the EU within the framework of the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the beneficiary of the project and partners and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union or of the management structures of the Programme. Guide of lighthouses and semaphores Italy France Tunisia Lebanon Preface The MED-PHARES project is a cross-border cooperation project, funded by the European Union through the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) for the Mediterranean Maritime Basin (ENPI- CBC MED). The project brings together countries of North, South and East of the Mediterranean area with the Agenzia conservatoria delle coste della Sardegna (beneficiary of the project - Italy) and four other partners: Conservatoire de l'espace littoral et des rivages lacustres (France), Agence pour la protection et l'Aménagement du Littoral en Tunisie (Tunisia), Société pour la Protection de la Nature au Liban and the Municipality of Tyre (Lebanon). The project aims to develop a model that is applicable in every country of the Mediterranean area, with the purpose of emphasizing the unique material and immaterial features of this heritage including the coastal areas with the presence of lighthouses and semaphore. The overall purpose of the project is to promote and contribute to the enhancement of these unique territories thanks to the development of sustainable tourism. As part of the project, the partners contributed to the creation of a catalogue of the lighthouses and semaphore of the Mediterranean. This guide summarizes the data collected in the Italian, French, Tunisian and Lebanese regions included in the cross-border cooperation space. Lighthouses In the Mediterranean, the network of lighthouses (faro in Italian - a term derived from the Greek name of the island of Pharos where the first known lighthouse was erected, dating from the third century BC and situated in front of the city of Alexandria) has been constantly developing hand in hand with the improvement of commercial and military fleets (Calanca, 2006; Manfredini and Pescara, 1993)1. The position of lighthouses has a strategic importance for navigation. One of the key features is the sufficient elevation so that the building can be easily spotted by ships; therefore, these structures are almost always lantern – shaped and placed on a tower or a trellis, or in any case at a high point on the coast, useful 1 Calanca B., 2006. « Fari di Sardegna ». Paolo Sorba Ed., La Maddalena (in Italian). Manfredini C., Pescara A.W., 1993. Il libro dei fari italiani. Mursia Ed. (in Italian). landmarks in daylight too. The materials used for each building were generally gathered from local sources and are typical of the period of the construction. From a typological point of view lighthouses can be categorized as follows (Bartolomei and Amoruso, 20072): • block lighthouses, with a lighthouse tower (low, medium or high) on which the lantern room is placed. The tower is incorporated in a service block of one or two floors, and may be placed in a central position or moved internally on one side; • tower lighthouses, characterized by only one lighthouse tower on which the lantern room is placed, usually built on peninsulas or isolated reefs; 2 Bartolomei C., Amoruso G., 2007. « L’Architettura dei Fari Italiani ». Alinea Ed., Bologna (in Italian). • fortress lighthouses, in which the light signal is placed over an already existing typically defensive historic structure (military forts and coastal towers). Block lighthouses Fig. 1. Block low_Lighthouse Cap Serrat (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 2. Block low_Lighthouse Capo Spartivento (Italy) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste Fig. 3. Block medium_Lighthouse Tyre (Lebanon) ©Municipality of Tyre Fig. 4. Block medium_Lighthouse Grand Rouveau (France) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste Fig. 5. Block medium_Lighthouse Capo Sant’Elia (Italy) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste Fig. 6. Block medium_Lighthouse Galiton (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 7. Block high_Lighthouse Thyna (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 8. Block high_Lighthouse Punta Scorno photo by Maria Luisa Fercia (Italy) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste Tower lighthouses Fig. 9. Lighthouse Beauduc (France) ©Conservatoire du littoral - PACA Fig. 10. Lighthouse Razzoli (Italy) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste Fig. 11. Lighthouse Phare Zireh (Lebanon) © Société pour la Protection de la Nature au Liban Fortress lighthouses Fig. 12. Lighthouse Tabarka (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 13. Lighthouse Kelibia (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 14. Lighthouse Sousse (Tunisia) ©Agence de Protection et d’Aménagement du Littoral Fig. 15. Lighthouse Genova (Italy) ©Associazione Giovani Urbanisti – Fondazione Labò e Associazione Amici della Lanterna Semaphores Maritime semaphore stations have a more recent history. Their name means "signal carrier” (sema = sign and phoros = bearer, carrier) and they represent a communication system between two points, mainly used to transmit messages between the mainland and ships in transit at sea. They were born in France to meet the need for fast and secure communications required by the increased number of assaults on the coasts by the British (Cara, 2014)3. It should be noted that their signaling and monitoring functions are separated in France while are common in Tunisia, Italy and Greece (pers. comm. M. Vincent Guigueno). 3 Cara S., 2014. Sulle tracce del passato. Progetto di restauro e rifunzionalizzazione della Stazione Semaforica di Capo Sperone a Sant’Antioco. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Cagliari (in Italian). Fig. 16. Semaphore La Mortella (France) ©Conservatoire du littoral Fig. 17. Semaphore La Mortella (France) ©Conservatoire du littoral Fig. 18. Semaphore Pomègues (France) ©Olivier Trébaol Fig. 19. Semaphore Capo Figari (Italy) ©Agenzia Conservatoria delle coste LIGURIA Lighthouse Capo dell’Arma Lighthouse Punta di Vagno Sanremo Genova 43.817324° N; 7.831707° E 44.391995°N; 8.952761°E Lighthouse Porto Maurizio Lighthouse Punta Portofino Imperia Portofino 43.875392° N; 8.027428° E 44.298687°N; 9.218505°E Lighthouse Capo Mele Lighthouse San Venerio Andora La Spezia 43.955303°N; 8.172244°E 44.026555°N; 9.849566°E Lighthouse Vado Ligure Lighthouse Torre Scuola Vado La Spezia 44.258090°N; 8.452572°E 44.051721°N; 9.858261°E Lighthouse Torre della Lanterna Lighthouse Pegazzano Genova La Spezia 44.404529°N; 8.904899°E 44.102832°N; 9.805110°E TOSCANA Lighthouse Marina di Carrara Lighthouse Pisani Massa e Carrara Livorno 44.036266°N; 10.036962°E 43.543726°N; 10.294859°E Lighthouse Diga Foranea Semaphore Cala dello Scalo Viareggio Livorno 43.857968°N; 10.237297°E 43.428192°N; 9.894001°E Lighthouse Meloria (North) Lighthouse Torre di Vada Livorno Rosignano Marittimo 43.591449°N; 10.211195°E 43.350859°N; 10.454069°E Lighthouse Meloria (South) Lighthouse Secche di Vada Livorno Rosignano Marittimo 43.546220°N; 10.218882°E 43.320484°N; 10.355735°E Lighthouse Diga Curvilinea Lighthouse Capraia Livorno Isola di Capraia 43.551877°N; 10.289593°E 43.051150°N; 9.844283°E Semaphore Monte Arpagna Lighthouse Scoglietto di Isola di Capraia Portoferraio 43.020268°N; 9.805905°E Portoferraio 42.828560°N; 10.331061°E Lighthouse Baratti Lighthouse Portoferraio Piombino Portoferraio 42.993859°N; 10.494714°E 42.816280°N; 10.334080°E Lighthouse Piombino or La Lighthouse Torre della Linguella Rocchetta Portoferraio Piombino 42.811869°N; 10.329891°E 42.919908°N; 10.525372°E Lighthouse Palmaiola Lighthouse Moletto della Sanità Rio Marina Portoferraio 42.865631°N; 10.474111°E 42.812871°N; 10.328531°E Semaphore Montegrosso Lighthouse Scoglio d’Africa Rio Marina Campo nell’Elba 42.852384°N; 10.399696°E 42.824857°N; 10.330787°E Lighthouse Punta Polveraia Lighthouse Pianosa Marciana Campo nell’Elba 42.794411°N; 10.110498°E 42.585737°N; 10.096138°E Lighthouse Campo Lighthouse Formiche di Grosseto Campo nell’Elba Grosseto 42.741888°N; 10.238313°E 42.576667°N; 10.883333°E Lighthouse Monte Poro Lighthouse Talamone Campo nell’Elba Orbetello 42.727833°N; 10.237500°E 42.551596°N; 11.133946°E Lighthouse Capo Focardo Lighthouse Punta Lividonia Porto Azzurro Porto Santo Stefano 42.754300°N; 10.409648°E 42.44643°N; 11.104054°E Lighthouse Rio Marina Lighthouse Punta Fenaio Rio Marina Giglio 42.815194°N; 10.431315°E 42.388403°N; 10.881156°E Faro delle Vaccarecce Giglio 42.375556°N; 10.897778°E Lighthouse Capel Rosso Giglio 42.320690°N; 10.919646°E Lighthouse Giannutri Giglio 42.239538°N; 11.107967°E Semaphore Ronconali Grosseto 42.413179°N; 11.102064°E Lighthouse Porto Ercole Orbetello 42.390045°N; 11.212339°E LAZIO Lighthouse Monte Cappuccini Lighthouse Ponza Civitavecchia Ponza, Isola di Ponza 42.098443°N; 11.816804°E 40.895579°N;
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