CODA

PARTICIPATING IN SYMBOLS OF DEATH Like ’s Mirror, The Somonyng of Everyman is adapted from a Continental text, in this case from the Dutch Elckerlijc. As reading matter designed to appeal to the merchant and artisan classes in an urban setting, Everyman invokes neither pastoral nor monastic contemplation but rather invites participation through an imaginative confrontation with Death and subsequent pilgrimage leading to entry into the grave. The study of Everyman in terms of participation in the symbols of death and dying can serve as an appropriate capstone to the present volume, hence originally intended to be a final chapter. The essay can be accessed at https://works.bepress.com/clifford_davidson/265.

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A Aston, Mick, 43n22, 61 Acte for the Establishment of the Kinges Atonement, 74n114, 87n142 Succession, 39 St. Augustine of Hippo, 10, 10n30, 35 Acts of Pilate, 52, 54 Aelred of Rievaulx, 23 Agnes Dei, Lamb of God, 51 B Alewives, at Last Judgment, 8 Barlaam and Josaphat, 88, 88n145 Alexander, Jennifer, 5, 5n9, 6n13, Beadle, Richard, 11n33, 103n188, 43n21, 46n30, 53n51, 53n52, 104–105, 104n191, 109n209 57n61 Bede, 10n30 Alkerton, Richard. Easter Week Bennett, J. A. W., 62n80 sermon, 10, 15, 18, 26 , 30, 51, 105 Amalarius of Metz, 31 St. Birgitta, of Sweden, 51, 105, 107 Angel musicians, 30 Birgittine Order, 38 Angels, 7, 9, 12, 20, 21, 30–31, 34, Blood, holy, 13n42, 18–19, 19n67, 35, 58–59, 58n64, 59n69, 19n68, 19n69, 19n70, 59, 59n70, 76, 79, 79n124, 81, 82, 59n71, 83 84–85, 84n133 relic of, 13n42, 59 Anne, queen of England, 40, 46 Bonde, William, 70n101 St. Anne’s Charterhouse, see Coventry Book of Life, 11, 11n33, 35 Anselm, St., author of Cur Deus Bricolage, 4, 34, 35 Homo, 51 British Library St. Antony, 78–79 MS. Add. 37049, 8n24, 52n48, 56, Apocalypse of Peter, 26 64n83, 73n109, 76n117, Arms of Christ, Arma Christi, 14 81n129, 97, 96n166 Arnold, Matthew, author of “Stanzas MS. Add. 4460, 107n204 from the Grande Chartreuse”, 41 MS. Add. 50001, 57n60 Arundel, Thomas, archbishop MS. Arundel 83 II, 54n53 Constitutions of, 98n170 MS. Arundel 285, 16

© The Author(s) 2017 131 C. Davidson, Studies in Late Medieval Wall Paintings, Manuscript Illuminations, and Texts, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47476-2 132 INDEX

British Library (cont.) Chastising of God’s Children, The, 23, MSS. Cotton Faustina 23n88 B.VI, 76n117 Cherry, James, 7 MS. Cotton Galba A.XVIII, 13n42 Chester plays MS. Cotton Nero C.4, 27n103 Antichrist’s Prophets, 33 MS. Egerton 1821, 68 Last Judgment, 25 MS. Egerton 2603, 60n72 Christ III, Anglo-Saxon poem, 10 MS. Harleian. 3244, 84, 84n134 Christ Jesus MS. Harley. 2869, 67 coming in majesty, 12 MS. Harley. 4012, 66n88 as Judge, 13 MS. Harley. 7322, 29 Christ of Mercy, 19 MS. Royal 2.B.VII, 24n90 St. Christopher, 16, 17n59 MS. Sloane 3292, 73n111 Christus medicus, 19, 19n72 MS. Stowe 39, 76n117 Cloud of Unknowing, 52n48, 83n131, MS. Stowe 620, 73n111 99, 104n192, 105n195 MS. Yates Thompson 13, 24n90 Cologne, single-leaf drawing in British Museum, 17, 17n61, 24n90, Schnütgen Museum, 56n60 46n30, 60n75 Compassion, 57n60, 71, 78, Bruges, Belgium, relic of sacred blood 100–102, 104–108 at, 59 Composition of place, 50 Byzantine art, influence of, 58 Contemplation, 38n1, 42, 42n17, 51, 69, 70n101, 71, 78, 77n120, 79, 81n129, 83n132, 87, 91n150, C 96, 98n171, 99n174 Calvary, 54, 73n110 Coppack, Glyn, 43n22, 61 Cambridge, Peterhouse MS. 276, 41 Corporal Acts of Mercy, 9, 9n26, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS. 12n39, 24, 54 601, 67n93 Council of Trent, 46 Cambridge University Library Coventry MS. II.4.26, 80n127 Charterhouse of St Anne, 18, 40, MS. Add. 5944, 56n60 41n13, 42n20 MS. Dd 2.33, 42n17, 70n101 City Archives, 6 MS. gg.vi.16, 28n106 Drapers’ Doomsday play, 9n25 Campin, Robert, Virgin and Child finger ring from, 17 by, 23 Holy Trinity Church, wall painting Carthusian Miscellany, see British at, 5n10 Library, MS. Add. 37049 painters’ guild at, 8 Carthusian Order, Parish of the Most Holy Consuetudines, 38n2, 70 and St. Osburg, 42n20 Celestial Ladder, 29, 91n150 St. Mary’s Cathedral and Priory, Charterhouse of St. Anne, see Coventry wall paintings at Chapter Charter of Christ, 71, 72 house, 31 INDEX 133

St. Michael’s Church, misericord Drapers’ pageant, at Coventry, 31 formerly in Drapers’ Chapel, 12 Dream of the Rood, 49, 49n39, 51n46 seal of, 43n21 Duffy, Eamon, 14n48, 48, 48n34, Cromwell, Thomas, 38 63n83, 97 Cross, 15–17, 16n55, 20–21, 31, Dürer, Albrecht, 59n70 41n12, 47, 49, 49n40, 50–52, 52n51, 54, 53n52, 55, 56n60, 57, 57n61, 58, 60, 60n72, 62, 64, 68, E – 71, 73 75, 79n124, 80, 81n129, Egypt, 10, 81 83, 84n133, 85, 85n136, 92, Elckerlijc, 111 – 102n183, 109 110, 109n211 , queen of England, fi Cruci xes, 48, 56n60 5n11, 48 fi Cruci xion Eschatological belief, 10 of Christ, 13, 50, 54 Eternal present, 66n89 as the practice in executions, 47, 54 , 18, 58, 59, 98n170, 110 Everyman, 111 Exeter Book, 10, 10n31 D Dance of Death, 90, 90n149, 92, 92n153, 94, 101n182 F Dead Sea Scrolls, 29n108 Death figure of, 90, 92 Fayrfax Manuscript, 71n108 St. Denys, image of, 42n20 Ferrar, Nicholas, of Little Deposition from cross, 83 Gidding, 103n188 Descent into Hell, 87n142 Fifteen Signs of Doomsday, 33, , 76, 78, 96 33n128 fi Desert of Religion, 9, 64, 71n108, 75, res, of hell, 86n141, 86 76, 76n117, 78, 78n123, 84, Fitzwilliam Museum 84n136 MS. 57, 53n50 Devils, 8, 26, 27, 27n99, 29, 91 MS. 330, 17n60 Devotional Images, 16n55, 39, 44, Five Wounds, 14, 14n48, 17, 18, 52, 68n95, 68n96, 103 21n82, 65, 65n85, 67, 78, 80 Dies Irae, in funeral liturgy, 7 Flagellation, relic of column of, at Disputacion Betwyx þe Saule and York, 55 Wormes, 93n155 Flowchart of Redemption, 85 Dives and Pauper, 69, 69n99 Dollorus complant of oure lorde, 73 Doomsday, 2, 3n3, 4n8, 7n19, 9n25, G 9n26, 11n36, 17, 20, 21, Gee, David, 6, 6n13, 31n116, 33, 33n128, 35 7n20, 8, 27 Doyle, A. I., 61n76, 107n203 Gerson, Jean, 102 Dramatic present, 104 Ghostly eye, 71n104 134 INDEX

Gill, Miriam, 4n5, 5n10, 8n21, 8n22, Houghton, Thomas, , 39, 39n9 14, 32n120, 32n121, 50, 50n44 Hours of Elizabeth the Queen, see Giotto, creator of Padua Chapel British Library, MS. Add. 50001 frescoes, 58 Hours of Simon Vostre, 45n27 Golden Legend, 11, 14, 19, 33, Hughes, Jonathan, 100, 100n178 73n110, 81, 81n129, 81n130, Hugh of St. Victor, 86n141 88, 88n145, 90n147 Gospel of Nicodemus, 15, 15n51 Gray, Douglas, 14n48, 61, 61n79, I 65n85, 66n89, 71n108, 80 , St, 50 Gregory the Great, Pope, 22, 54n53, Imagination 69n99 devout imagination, 103, 104, 110 Grenehalgh, James, 71n104 Wycliffite objections to, 103 Ground of our being, 87 Ingram, R. W. (Reg), 3n3, 32n122, Grünewald, Mattheus, Isenheim 33, 34n133, 60n72 Altarpiece by, 15 Instruments of the Passion, 17, 21, 57, Guibert de Nogent, 38n1 68, 74 Guigo II, author of The Ladder of Monks, 70n102, 91n150 J Jerusalem, heavenly, 25, 29 Jewish eschatology, 22n85 H Job, 14, 27, 28n104, 94 Hamburger, Jeffrey, 56n60, 61, , 14 68n96, 73n109, 103n189 Johnston, Alexandra, 12n36, 99, Hayles Abbey, blood relic at, 19 99n173, 107n203 Heart, Sacred, wounded, 65n87 St. John the Baptist, 21, 22n84, Hell, characterized by cacophony, 46n30, 80 weeping, smoke and stink, 30 Joseph of Arimathia, 83 – Hell Mouth, 8, 26 28, 26n98, , 87, 101n181, 105, 27n101, 28n105, 28n106, 107 29n108, 85n136, 85, 90, 91, 94 Henry IV, king of England, 46 Henry VIII, king of England, 38, K 42n20, 85 Kempe, Margery, 52n48, 56n57 Herrad of Landsberg, 22n85, 23 Kendal, Corpus Christi play at, 107 Hewitt, regals player, 31n116 Klosterneuburg Altarpiece, 58 , 51 Hilton, Walter, 39n5, 52n48, 69, 69n97, 69n100, 70, 70n104, 87, L 87n144 Ladder of Monks, 70n102, 91n150 Holkham Bible Picture Book, 21n80, Lambeth Apocalypse, see Lambeth 26n97, 33, 33n128, 53n50, 56n57 Palace Library, MS. 209 INDEX 135

Lambeth Palace Library, 84n135 St. Mary of Egypt, 81 MS. 209, 84n135 “Mary Play”, see N-Town Plays Langley, John de, of Atherstone upon Mass of St. Gregory, 59n70 Stour, 53 Meckenem, Israhel van, 62, 62n81 Last Judgment, 1, 3n4, 5, 6, Meditation, meditative practice, 12–13, 15–17, 17n60, 21, “deuoute meditacion”, 14, 32, 22, 22n85, 23, 25, 25n92, 40, 41, 50, 51, 52, 52n48, 28n104, 30, 34 61, 62, 66, 69, 72, 74, 75, St. Lawrence, image of, 42n20, 78, 80, 81, 88, 91n150, 96, 46n30 98–110 Leclercq, Jean, 70, 70n103 Meditations on the Life of Christ Leland, John, 40, 40n11 (Meditaciones Vite Christi), 40, Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 4, 4n6, 35 51n47, 74n113, 98n171, Logos, Divine, 44 99n174 London “Meditative movement”, 62 Charterhouse at, 38–39, 42n20, 85, Memory, 16, 17, 75, 96, 96; images at, 39, 42n20 99, 107 Church of St. Etheldreda, 39 Mesopotamia, 10 National Gallery, 23 Metz, ivory carving from, 31, 58 tomb inscription at, 2n2 St. Michael, archangel, 86 Longinus, 15–16, 52, 52–53n50, Mirk, John, Festial of, 10–11, 11n32, 54n52, 83 20, 21, 33, 33n128 Love, Nicholas, author of The Mirror Mixed Life, 87, 87n144 of the Blessed Life of Jesus , suppression of, 38–41, Christ, 40 43, 48, 61, 76, 97 Ludophus of Saxony, 100n177 Monastic reading, 69, 98 Lydgate, John, 90n149, 93, 92n153, Montagu, Jeremy, 30, 30n114 93n154 More, Sir Thomas, 38, 39, 102, 103n187 Music, liturgical, 7n19, 30, 31, M 31n116, 32, 71 Mâle, Émile, 30, 30n115, 45, 45n26, Mysticism, 18, 56n60, 67, 78n120, 45n27 87n144 Man of Sorrows, indulgenced Mythical thought, 4, 4n6, 5 image, 16, 59n70, 62, 63, 64n83, 65, 67, 68, 68n95 “Man and the Unicorn, The”, 88, 89 N Manuscript illuminations, 1, 13n42, Naydenova-Slade, Mellie, 44n23, 22n85, 27n103, 30, 33, 37–110 47n32, 52, 52n50, 53n51, Marks, Richard, 44n24, 68n96 60n73 St. Mary Magdalen, 81, 81n129, Nicholas, Thomas, 31n116 81n130, 101, 106 Nominalism, 103 136 INDEX

North Cove, Suffolk, Doom painting Q at, 24n90 Queen Mary Psalter, see British Library, N-Town plays, 47, 104n191 Royal MS. 2.B.VII

O R Owst, G. R., 28, 28n106 Raw, Barbara, 51, 51n46 Oxford, Bodleian Library Reformation, 19, 46, 47n33, 48n35, MS. 29179, 18 60n72, 64n83, 92n154, 96n163, MS. e Museo 160, 40, 40n10, 103n190, 107 96n165 Revelation, Book of, 1, 9, 12, 18, MS. Tanner 407, 46n29 30, 31 Reynes Commonplace Book, 46 P Rhodes, J. T., 42n17 Paris, Matthew, 19, 19n67 Richard II, king of England, 40 Parousia, 10, 34 Ringbom, Sixten, 64n83, 68n96 Participatory theology, Rolle, Richard, 18, 18n63, 52, participation, 10, 69 52n48, 55n57, 67, 67n94, 69, Passion narrative, 57, 74, 75n115, 69n100, 69n101, 76n119, 79, 99, 100 79n124, 80n126, 96, 105 St. Paul, 82 St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, 93 St. Peter keys of, 4 S Pelican, as emblem, 80, 80n127 Sacred Monogram, 76, 76n119, 79, on pix at Durham 79n124, 91 Cathedral, 80n127 Salisbury, Church of St. Thomas of Pelikan, Jaroslav, 76n119 Canterbury, 20 Physiologus, 80 Doom painting at, 20n77 Pilgrimage, 19 Salter (Zeeman), Elizabeth, 98, Pliny, 90 102, 109 Precariousness of existence, 87 Sanctus, 31, 79, 79n124 Pricke of Conscience, 33n128, 93 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Protestants, 47, 86, 103n190, Rome, 62 104n192 Image of Pity at, 62n81 Pseudo-Dionysius, 99 Sargent, Michael, 41n15, 42n19, Psychological mechanisms 52n48, 71n104, 103, 103n188 in bullying, 107n203 Scala Celi, 81n129, 91n150 in bystanders, 106n203 Schmitt, Gary, 29 Psychostasis, weighing of souls, 23 Scott, Gilbert, 8 Purgatory, 24, 87, 87n142, Scrope, Stephen, Archdeacon, 91, 94 55n56 INDEX 137

Second Advent, 12, 54 Tree of Life, 16 Seven Deadly Sins, 17 Tree of Vices, 78n123 Seven , 85, 85n138 Tree of virtues, 78, 78n123 Shakespeare, John, 48n35 Trinity, alabaster of, 44 Shakespeare, William, 97 Trithemius, abbot of Sponheim, 45 Sharp, Thomas, 7n20, 17n61, Troughton, Nathaniel, 6, 8 48n36 Tuning, of harp, 94n159 Shaw, John, 107 dissonance as devil’s tone, 94n159 Sheingorn, Pamela, 3n4, 27n101, Turpin, Pierre, 44, 44n23, 47n32, 41n12, 44 54n52 Shield of Faith, 84, 85 Sibylline Oracles, 34 Sight, theory of, 69 U Song of Songs, 49 Unicorn, apologue of, 89n145 Speculum Sacerdotale, 22, 22n84 Urban VI, pope, 40 Sight, theories of, 69 Stratford-upon-Avon Guild Chapel, wall painting at, 20 V fi Suf eld, Walter, , 19 Virgin Mary, 21, 22, 23n88, Suso, Heinrich, 52n48, 93n156 24n90, 44, 45, 45n26, 46, Syon Abbey, 42n17, 57n60, 46n30, 47, 52, 64, 80n129, 81 70n101 as Maria lactans, 21, 22, 24, 88 Virgin and Child, 23, 43 T Tarlton, Thomas, prior, seal of, 43n21 W Tauler, Johannes, 87, 87n143 Walsingham, shrine at, 24 Taymouth Hours, see British Library, Well of Mercy, 66n88 MS. Yates Thompson 13 Westminster Abbey Te Deum laudamus, 31 blood relic at, 19, 19n67, 59n71 Temptation, 76, 78, 83, 87 Chapter House wall St. Thomas, apostle, 20 paintings, 30n114, 32n120 Three Kings of Cologne, 17 Lytlington Missal at, 56 – Time, 1 35, 38, 46, 48, 51, 52, 54, Wimbleton, Thomas, 31 58, 60, 75, 81, 90, 97, 99, 108 Winchester Psalter, see British Library, Tower of London, 39, 46n29 MS. Cotton Nero C.4 Towneley plays Winternitz, Emmanuel, 7n19 Judicium play, 14, 29, 31 Wisdom, 11n33, 44, 47, 93n156, 105, Resurrection, 67n92, 73n112 105n195 Tree of Chastity, 81 Wise and Foolish Virgins, 86n140 138 INDEX

Witham, Charterhouse, 60n73 York Corpus Christi plays, 11n33, seal of, 60n73 109n209; Crucifixio World, Flesh, and Devil, 77, 79, Christi, 109, Last Judgment 87, 96 pageant, 15, 30, Noah’sFlood,12 Wormald, Francis, 27n103, 61n78 York Minster, 11n33, 55, Wyley, Francis, 48n36 59n70

Y York Z All Saints North Street, Church Zephaniah, 34 of, 33 Zouch, William, Lord, 40