The Communist Manifesto
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The Atlantic Roots of Working-Class Internationalism: a Historical Re-Interpretation
THE ATLANTIC ROOTS OF WORKING-CLASS INTERNATIONALISM: A HISTORICAL RE-INTERPRETATION THIERRY DRAPEAU A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO DECEMBER 2014 © Thierry Drapeau, 2014 Abstract This dissertation offers a historical re-interpretation of working-class internationalism by situating its development within the early modern Atlantic-world economy (c. 1600- 1830). Through an exploration of various moments of insurgency and revolt of an emerging Atlantic class of workers, among them slaves, sailors, servants, and others, it demonstrates that profound and decisive traditions of proletarian solidarity across borders existed prior to the nineteenth-century classical age of working-class internationalism. In doing so, this dissertation alters the prevailing standpoint of the free, white, waged, industrial worker of Europe by bringing in that narrative the agency of the unfree, black (and racialized), wageless, plantation-slave worker of the Americas. Underpinning this intervention is a more generous and complex understanding of capitalism as a mode of production inclusive of unfree forms of labour. In order to recover and foreground early formative moments of working-class internationalism in the Atlantic-world economy, this dissertation proposes to re-theorize this development in terms of processes of transboundary proletarian solidarity in a longue durée frame. Rooted in a multidisciplinary framework of analysis situated at the intersection of Historical Sociology, Global Labour History, Atlantic Studies, and Social History, this strategy has allowed me to illuminate two world-significant moments of proletarian solidarity played out across colonial and imperial borders. -
Franz Mehring
KARL MARX THE STORY OF HIS LIFE - BY Franz Mehring .. wrTH ILLUSTRATIONS AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS, NOTES BY THE AUTHOR, AN APPENDIX PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF EDUARD FUCHS ON THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCHES OF THE MARX•I!.NGELS INSTITUTE, A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AN INDEX TRANSLATED BY EDWARD FITZGERALD LONDON GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD 40 MUSEUM STREET THIS BOOK IS THE AUTHORISED ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE GERMAN VOLUME : ' KARL MARX : GESCHICHTE SEINES LEBENS ', BY FRANZ MEHRING ENGLISH EDITION FIRST PUBLISHED 1936 SECOND IMPRESSION 1948 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., FROME AND LONDON TO CLARA ZETKIN TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE THE author of this biography was born in 1846 in Pomerania of a well-to-do middle-class family. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, taking the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the latter. From the beginning his leanings were democratic and liberal, and when the time came for him to submit himself to the stupidities of the Prussian drill sergeant he left Prussia and went to live in Leipzig, which in those days was " foreign territory ". This deliberate revolt caused the breaking off of relations between him and his family. Whilst still a young man he began to take an active part in public life and in the political struggles of the day. At the age of 25 he was a member of the 1 small band of democrats led by Guido Weiss and Johann Jacoby which had sufficient courage to protest openly against the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Bismarck after the Franco Prussian War. -
Boundaries of Utopia – Imagining Communism from Plato to Stalin
Boundaries of Utopia – Imagining Communism from Plato to Stalin The idea that socialism could be established in a single country was adopted as an official doctrine by the Soviet Union in 1925, Stalin and Bukharin being the main formulators of the policy. Before this there had been much debate as to whether the only way to secure socialism would be as a result of socialist revolution on a much broader scale, across all Europe or wider still. This book traces the development of ideas about communist utopia from Plato onwards, paying particular attention to debates about universalist ideology versus the possibility for ‘socialism in one country’. The book argues that although the prevailing view is that ‘socialism in one country’ was a sharp break from a long tradition that tended to view socialism as only possible if universal, in fact the territorially confined socialist project had long roots, including in the writings of Marx and Engels. Erik van Ree is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of European Studies at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series 1 Liberal Nationalism in 7 The Telengits of Central Europe Southern Siberia Stefan Auer Landscape, religion and knowledge in motion 2 Civil-Military Relations in Agnieszka Halemba Russia and Eastern Europe David J. Betz 8 The Development of Capitalism in Russia 3 The Extreme Nationalist Simon Clarke Threat in Russia The growing influence of 9 Russian Television Today Western Rightist ideas Primetime drama and comedy Thomas Parland -
Cannibals and Animals of Capital1
Page 1 of 33 Cannibals and Animals of Capital1 Magnus Møller Ziegler2 Second draft; Spring 2019 For theſe incloſures be the cauſes why rich men eat vp poore men, as beaſts doo eat graſſe : Theſe, I ſay, are the Caterpillers and deuouring locuſtes that maſſacre the poore, & eat vp the whole realme to the deſtruction of the ſame : The Lorde mooue them ! —Philip Stubbes, Anatomy of the Abuses in England (1583)3 INTRODUCTION Years ago, while flicking through the index to Karl Marx’s Capital volume 1, I came across a peculiar entry: ‘cannibalism’. Though there is only one reference—which is found in the chapter on ‘Absolute and Relative Surplus Value’— as any sane person would do, I of course immediately looked it up and forgot all about what it was I had actually been looking for. In the relevant section, Marx writes that, [There] is no natural obstacle absolutely preventing one man from lifting himself from the burden of the labour necessary to maintain his own existence, and imposing it on another, just as there is no unconquerable natural obstacle to the consumption of the flesh of one man by another.4 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at a Ph.D. masterclass with William Clare Roberts at Aarhus University in June 2018. I would like to thank William Clare Roberts, Søren Mau, Jonas Ross Kjærgård, and Signe Leth Gammelgaard for their useful comments, criticisms, and proposals. Thank you also to David Leopold who kindly discussed this paper with me at great length. 2 Ph.D. -
The Democratic Idiom: Languages of Democracy in the Chartist Movement*
The Democratic Idiom: Languages of Democracy in the Chartist Movement* Peter J. Gurney University of Essex The Journal of Modern History 86 (September 2014): 000-000 © 2014 by The University of Chicago. 0022-2801/2014/8603-0003$10.00 All rights reserved. I ever loved freedom, and its inevitable consequences, – and not only for what it will fetch, but the holy principle; – a democrat in my Sunday School, everywhere.1 I At Sheffield in late June 1842 a crowd of perhaps 50,000 mourners attended the public funeral of the twenty-seven year old Chartist militant Samuel Holberry, who had died of tuberculosis in a squalid cell at York Castle, after serving two years of a four-year sentence for his alleged involvement in an armed uprising. The immense crowd wept as George Julian Harney delivered a moving graveside oration. Harney praised the moral and intellectual qualities of this “heroic patriot,” sacrificed for “the cause of freedom” after being betrayed for “filthy lucre” by “rotten- hearted villains,” tools of “base employers – the oppressors that have pursued him to his grave.” “Tyrants,” Harney went on, were making determined attempts to “crush liberty; and by torture, chains, and death, to prevent the assertion of the rights of man....and arrest the progress of democracy,” but these “puny Canutes” were bound to be swept aside by “the ocean of intellect.” Harney reassured listeners that although Holberry‟s life had been snuffed out by a corrupt state, his faith lived on and the glories of an Alexander or a Napoleon would eventually pale into insignificance alongside “the honest, virtuous fame of this son of toil.” Samuel Parkes also spoke and recommended that they should not rest until “by every legal and constitutional means you have made the Charter the law of the land, and thereby proclaimed the physical, moral and political freedom of the universal family of man!” The crowd pressed forward as the “splendid oak coffin” provided by Holberry‟s supporters was lowered into the grave. -
Inspiration for the Struggle . Fr Ull W
Page Six THE DAILY WORKER THE DAILY WORKER. A Wise Fool Speaketh - Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING 00. It is said somewhere in the bible that the “truth Inspiration for the Struggle . fr Ull W. Washington Bird.. Chicago, QL shall be spoken out of the mouths of fools.” Per- it to the affiliated clubs tor discussion. , Manifesto’; fully (Phone: Monroe 4712) for inasmuch as It must prepared document Each one of haps in biblical days as today only those to whom Introduction to Engels’ “The Prin- This draft also reached Paris, where i deal more or less with history, the its sentences stands out like a work ciples of Communism,” No. 3 Moses Hess, a “philosophical” social- previously accepted style does not fit SUBSCRIPTION RATES truth was dearer than ■ of art hewn in granite. Altho a docu- material success said what of the Little Red Library. ist, made what he thought im- at I’ll bring with me the By mall: were ■ all. one that ment prepared for the political strug- Ed. Note. ! they wanted —This booklet of the Little provements and prevailed upon the here. ~ It-tS par year 93.50....A months »100._.i months I to say instead of what should be I made J begin: What is gles of the hour of Its publication and Red Library can be had from the Faris club to accept this document. , Communism? And then right after problems By mail (In Chicago only): said. The biblical quotation above seems to fit tho dealing with character- f 1.06 per year months $2.50._9 months DAILY WORKER Publishing Co.— But in a later meeting the decision . -
Hörmann, Raphael (2007) Authoring the Revolution, 1819- 1848/49: Radical German and English Literature and the Shift from Political to Social Revolution
Hörmann, Raphael (2007) Authoring the revolution, 1819- 1848/49: radical German and English literature and the shift from political to social revolution. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1774/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] University of Glasgow Faculty of Arts PhD-Thesis in Comparative Literature Authoring the Revolution, 1819-1848/49: Radical German and English Literature and the Shift from Political to Social Revolution Submitted by Raphael HoUrmann @ Raphael H6nnann 2007 Acknowledgments I like to thank the various people and agenciesthat have provided vital help during various stages of this research project. First of all, I am greatly thankful to my supervisors, Professor Mark Ward and Dr. Laura Martin. Laura's pragmatic and practical advice and assistanceproved very helpful for overcomingall major obstacles in the course of my PhD studies at the University of Glasgow. Mark has not only been a tireless proof-reader at various stagesof the thesis, but his great enthusiasm with which he supported my project has been a continuous source of inspiration and encouragement throughout the writing and revising process. -
Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism
Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism by Stephen P. Halbrook Virginia State Bar A significant portion of the conflicting leftist ideologies of the contem- porary Middle East -in particular, the socialist philosophies of both Arabs and Israelis-is an outgrowth of nineteenth-century social theories and philosophies of history originating from a group of individuals who at one point constituted the Young Hegelians. Moses Hess, Michael Bakunin, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, the respective founders of Zionist socialism, anarchist socialism, and Marxist socialism, were associates in Berlin and Paris in the 1840's who attempted to apply the thought of Hegel to revolu- tionary, democratic, and communist ideas. While traditional and modern- istic interpretations of Jewish and Arab world views obviously influenced the development of Zionism and Arab nationalism, the ideological roots of the socialist varieties of these philosophies may be traced in part to the con- tributions of the left Hegelians. A key to the comprehension of the philo- sophical outlooks of political forces as diverse as the Labor Party of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization may be found in the comparison and contrast of the thought of Hess, Bakunin, Marx and Engels. Hegel's philosophy of history not only expressed prevailing European perceptions of Middle Eastern peoples but also influenced some (but not all) of the left Heeelians in respect to the auestion of colonialism as a modern- izing force. ~h~omo~vineii, perhaps ;he most significant Marxist Zionist philospher and whose interpretations of Marxism contribute to the central ihesis of this essay, has sumharized Hegel's earliest analysis of the Oriental world in these terms: The oriental nations are characterized. -
^ CTEP WRITINGS Edited and Introduced Bv ARTHUR LEHNING
IGHAEL ^■ CTEP WRITINGS Edited and Introduced bv ARTHUR LEHNING ^ EVERGREEN E-629 $4.95 WRITINGS OF THE LEFT SERIES WRITINGS OF THE LEFT General Editor: ralph miliband Professor o f Politics at Leeds University MICHAEL BAKUNIN SELECTED WRITINGS MICHAEL BAKUNIN SELECTED WRITINGS Edited and Introduced by ARTHUR LEHNING Editor Archives Bakounine, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam Translations from the French by STEVEN cox Translations from the Russian by OLIVE STEVENS JONATHAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON THIS COMPILATION FIRST PUBLISHED 1973 INTRODUCTION AND COMPILATION © 1973 BY ARTHUR LEHNING TRANSLATIONS BY STEVEN COX AND OLIVE STEVENS © 1973 BY JONATHAN CAPE LTD JONATHAN CAPE LTD, 30 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WCI Hardback edition isb n o 224 00893 5 Paperback edition isb n o 224 00898 6 Condition o f Sale This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated with out the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition in cluding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY EBENEZER BAYLIS AND SON LTD THE TRINITY PRESS, WORCESTER AND LONDON GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE It is often claimed nowadays that terms like Left and Right have ceased to mean very much. This is not true: the distinc tion endures, in as sharp a form as ever, between those who, on the one hand, accept as given the framework, if not all the features, of capitalist society; and those who, on the other, are concerned with and work for the establishment of a socialist alternative to the here and now. -
Popular Political Oratory and Itinerant Lecturing in Yorkshire and the North East in the Age of Chartism, 1837-60 Janette Lisa M
Popular political oratory and itinerant lecturing in Yorkshire and the North East in the age of Chartism, 1837-60 Janette Lisa Martin This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of York Department of History January 2010 ABSTRACT Itinerant lecturers declaiming upon free trade, Chartism, temperance, or anti- slavery could be heard in market places and halls across the country during the years 1837- 60. The power of the spoken word was such that all major pressure groups employed lecturers and sent them on extensive tours. Print historians tend to overplay the importance of newspapers and tracts in disseminating political ideas and forming public opinion. This thesis demonstrates the importance of older, traditional forms of communication. Inert printed pages were no match for charismatic oratory. Combining personal magnetism, drama and immediacy, the itinerant lecturer was the most effective medium through which to reach those with limited access to books, newspapers or national political culture. Orators crucially united their dispersed audiences in national struggles for reform, fomenting discussion and coalescing political opinion, while railways, the telegraph and expanding press reportage allowed speakers and their arguments to circulate rapidly. Understanding of political oratory and public meetings has been skewed by over- emphasis upon the hustings and high-profile politicians. This has generated two misconceptions: that political meetings were generally rowdy and that a golden age of political oratory was secured only through Gladstone’s legendary stumping tours. However, this thesis argues that, far from being disorderly, public meetings were carefully regulated and controlled offering disenfranchised males a genuine democratic space for political discussion. -
Karl Marx and the Iwma Revisited 299 Jürgen Herres
“Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” <UN> Studies in Global Social History Editor Marcel van der Linden (International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Sven Beckert (Harvard University, Cambridge, ma, usa) Dirk Hoerder (University of Arizona, Phoenix, ar, usa) Chitra Joshi (Indraprastha College, Delhi University, India) Amarjit Kaur (University of New England, Armidale, Australia) Barbara Weinstein (New York University, New York, ny, usa) volume 29 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sgsh <UN> “Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” The First International in a Global Perspective Edited by Fabrice Bensimon Quentin Deluermoz Jeanne Moisand leiden | boston <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: Bannière de la Solidarité de Fayt (cover and back). Sources: Cornet Fidèle and Massart Théophile entries in Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier en Belgique en ligne : maitron-en -ligne.univ-paris1.fr. Copyright : Bibliothèque et Archives de l’IEV – Brussels. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bensimon, Fabrice, editor. | Deluermoz, Quentin, editor. | Moisand, Jeanne, 1978- editor. Title: “Arise ye wretched of the earth” : the First International in a global perspective / edited by Fabrice Bensimon, Quentin Deluermoz, Jeanne Moisand. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Studies in global social history, issn 1874-6705 ; volume 29 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018002194 (print) | LCCN 2018004158 (ebook) | isbn 9789004335462 (E-book) | isbn 9789004335455 (hardback : alk. -
Marx and Engels and the Communist Movement the Following Article Is a Chapter from the Idea: Anarchist Communism, Past, Present and Future by Nick Heath
Marx and Engels and the Communist Movement The following article is a chapter from The Idea: Anarchist Communism, Past, Present and Future by Nick Heath. We should point out that whilst we regard Marx's analysis of capitalism and class society as a very important contribution to revolutionary ideas, we are critical of his attitudes and behaviour within both the Communist League and the First International. Marx was to re-iterate his ideas and to put them into practice in all his time in the working class movement. “Without parties no development, without division no progress” he was to write (polemic with the Kölnische Zeitung newspaper, 1842). In a much later letter to Bebel written in 1873, Engels sums up this approach: “For the rest, old Hegel has already said it; a party proves itself a victorious party by the fact that it splits and can stand the split. The movement of the proletariat necessarily passes through stages of development; at every stage one section of the people lags behind and does not join in the further advance; and this alone explains why it is that actually the “solidarity of the proletariat” is everywhere realised in different party groupings which carry on life and death feuds with one another”. The mythology of Marxism implies that the theory of communism was perfected by Marx and Engels without really taking into consideration all that had gone before and that communism, organised more or less into a loose movement, was created by artisans and workers as a result of their practical experiences in the French Revolution and the events of the 1830s, as well as their continuing theoretical labours.