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The Communist Manifesto
The Communist Manifesto A Study Guide These notes are designed to help new comrades to understand some of the basic ideas of Marxism and how they relate to the politics of the Alliance for Workers’ Liberty (AWL). More experienced comrades leading the educationals can use the tutor notes to expand on certain key ideas and to direct comrades to other reading. Paul Hampton September 2006 1 The Communist Manifesto A Study Guide Contents Background to the Manifesto 3 Questions 5 Further reading 6 Title, preface, preamble 7 I: Bourgeois and Proletarians 9 II: Proletarians and Communists 19 III: Socialist and Communist Literature 27 IV: Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties 32 Glossary 35 2 Background to the Manifesto The text Karl Marx wrote the Manifesto of the Communist Party in German. It was first published in February 1848. It has sometimes been misdated 1847, including in Marx and Engels’ own writings, by Kautsky, Lenin and others. The standard English translation was done by Samuel Moore in 1888 and authorised by Frederick Engels. It can be downloaded from the Marxist Internet Archive http://www.marxists.org.uk/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm There are scores of other editions by different publishers and with other translations. Between 1848 and 1918, the Manifesto was published in more than 35 languages, in some 544 editions, (Beamish 1998 p.233) The text is also in the Marx and Engels Collected Works (MECW), Volume 6, along with other important articles, drafts and reports from the time. http://www.marxists.org.uk/archive/marx/works/cw/volume06/index.htm The context The Communist Manifesto was written for and published by the Communist League, an organisation founded less than a year before it was written. -
Cannibals and Animals of Capital1
Page 1 of 33 Cannibals and Animals of Capital1 Magnus Møller Ziegler2 Second draft; Spring 2019 For theſe incloſures be the cauſes why rich men eat vp poore men, as beaſts doo eat graſſe : Theſe, I ſay, are the Caterpillers and deuouring locuſtes that maſſacre the poore, & eat vp the whole realme to the deſtruction of the ſame : The Lorde mooue them ! —Philip Stubbes, Anatomy of the Abuses in England (1583)3 INTRODUCTION Years ago, while flicking through the index to Karl Marx’s Capital volume 1, I came across a peculiar entry: ‘cannibalism’. Though there is only one reference—which is found in the chapter on ‘Absolute and Relative Surplus Value’— as any sane person would do, I of course immediately looked it up and forgot all about what it was I had actually been looking for. In the relevant section, Marx writes that, [There] is no natural obstacle absolutely preventing one man from lifting himself from the burden of the labour necessary to maintain his own existence, and imposing it on another, just as there is no unconquerable natural obstacle to the consumption of the flesh of one man by another.4 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at a Ph.D. masterclass with William Clare Roberts at Aarhus University in June 2018. I would like to thank William Clare Roberts, Søren Mau, Jonas Ross Kjærgård, and Signe Leth Gammelgaard for their useful comments, criticisms, and proposals. Thank you also to David Leopold who kindly discussed this paper with me at great length. 2 Ph.D. -
Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism
Left Hegelianism, Arab Nationalism, and Labor Zionism by Stephen P. Halbrook Virginia State Bar A significant portion of the conflicting leftist ideologies of the contem- porary Middle East -in particular, the socialist philosophies of both Arabs and Israelis-is an outgrowth of nineteenth-century social theories and philosophies of history originating from a group of individuals who at one point constituted the Young Hegelians. Moses Hess, Michael Bakunin, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, the respective founders of Zionist socialism, anarchist socialism, and Marxist socialism, were associates in Berlin and Paris in the 1840's who attempted to apply the thought of Hegel to revolu- tionary, democratic, and communist ideas. While traditional and modern- istic interpretations of Jewish and Arab world views obviously influenced the development of Zionism and Arab nationalism, the ideological roots of the socialist varieties of these philosophies may be traced in part to the con- tributions of the left Hegelians. A key to the comprehension of the philo- sophical outlooks of political forces as diverse as the Labor Party of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization may be found in the comparison and contrast of the thought of Hess, Bakunin, Marx and Engels. Hegel's philosophy of history not only expressed prevailing European perceptions of Middle Eastern peoples but also influenced some (but not all) of the left Heeelians in respect to the auestion of colonialism as a modern- izing force. ~h~omo~vineii, perhaps ;he most significant Marxist Zionist philospher and whose interpretations of Marxism contribute to the central ihesis of this essay, has sumharized Hegel's earliest analysis of the Oriental world in these terms: The oriental nations are characterized. -
^ CTEP WRITINGS Edited and Introduced Bv ARTHUR LEHNING
IGHAEL ^■ CTEP WRITINGS Edited and Introduced bv ARTHUR LEHNING ^ EVERGREEN E-629 $4.95 WRITINGS OF THE LEFT SERIES WRITINGS OF THE LEFT General Editor: ralph miliband Professor o f Politics at Leeds University MICHAEL BAKUNIN SELECTED WRITINGS MICHAEL BAKUNIN SELECTED WRITINGS Edited and Introduced by ARTHUR LEHNING Editor Archives Bakounine, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam Translations from the French by STEVEN cox Translations from the Russian by OLIVE STEVENS JONATHAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON THIS COMPILATION FIRST PUBLISHED 1973 INTRODUCTION AND COMPILATION © 1973 BY ARTHUR LEHNING TRANSLATIONS BY STEVEN COX AND OLIVE STEVENS © 1973 BY JONATHAN CAPE LTD JONATHAN CAPE LTD, 30 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WCI Hardback edition isb n o 224 00893 5 Paperback edition isb n o 224 00898 6 Condition o f Sale This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated with out the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition in cluding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY EBENEZER BAYLIS AND SON LTD THE TRINITY PRESS, WORCESTER AND LONDON GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE It is often claimed nowadays that terms like Left and Right have ceased to mean very much. This is not true: the distinc tion endures, in as sharp a form as ever, between those who, on the one hand, accept as given the framework, if not all the features, of capitalist society; and those who, on the other, are concerned with and work for the establishment of a socialist alternative to the here and now. -
Erwachsenenbildung Und Soziales Engagement – Historisch-Biographische Zugänge THEORIE UND PRAXIS DER ERWACHSENENBILDUNG
Theorie und Praxis der Erwachsenenbildung Peter Faulstich/Christine Zeuner Erwachsenenbildung und soziales Engagement – Historisch-biographische Zugänge THEORIE UND PRAXIS DER ERWACHSENENBILDUNG Herausgeber Prof. Dr. Sigrid Nolda, Universität Dortmund Prof. Dr. Ekkehard Nuissl von Rein, Universität Marburg Prof. Dr. Rudolf Tippelt, Universität München Herausgebende Institution Das Deutsche Institut für Erwachsenenbildung ist eine Einrichtung der Wis- senschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (WGL) und wird von Bund und Ländern gemeinsam gefördert. Als wissenschaftliches Institut erbringt es Dienstleistungen für Forschung und Praxis der Weiterbildung. Das Institut wird getragen von 18 Einrichtungen und Organisationen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis der Erwachsenenbildung, die Mitglieder im eingetragenen Verein „DIE“ sind. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Faulstich, Peter: Erwachsenenbildung und soziales Engagement : historisch-biographische Zugänge / Peter Faulstich ; Christine Zeuner. Hrsg.: Deutsches Institut für Erwachsenenbildung. - Bielefeld : Bertelsmann, 2001 (Theorie und Praxis der Erwachsenenbildung) ISBN 3-7639-1820-5 Verlag: W. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 10 06 33 33506 Bielefeld Telefon: (0521) 9 11 01-11 Telefax: (0521) 9 11 01-19 Bestell-Nr.: 14/1073 © 2001 W. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld Satz+Grafiken: Grafisches Büro Horst Engels, Bad Vilbel Herstellung: W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld ISBN 3-7639-1820-5 Inhalt Vorbemerkungen......................................................................... -
DARI ZIONISME KE TEORI KONSPIRASI: Survey Bibliografis Karya Sarjana Muslim Indonesia Kontemporer Tentang Agama Dan Umat Yahudi
LAPORAN AKHIR PENELITIAN KOMPETITIF DARI ZIONISME KE TEORI KONSPIRASI: Survey Bibliografis Karya Sarjana Muslim Indonesia Kontemporer tentang Agama dan Umat Yahudi Oleh: Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Rifqi Muhammad Fatkhi 2013 LAPORAN AKHIR PENELITIAN KOMPETITIF DARI ZIONISME KE TEORI KONSPIRASI: Survey Bibliografis Karya Sarjana Muslim Indonesia Kontemporer tentang Agama dan Umat Yahudi Diserahkan Kepada: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) Pusat Penelitian dan Penerbitan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Oleh: Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Rifqi Muhammad Fatkhi 2013 KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dipanjatkan kepada Allah SWT sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur atas rahmatnya kepada kita semua. Salawat dan salam juga dihaturkan kepada Nabi Muahmmad SAW yang telah memberikan bimbingan kepada kita semua. Laporan berkenaan dengan penelitian Dari Zionisme Ke Teori Konspirasi: Survey Bibliografis Karya Sarjana Muslim Indonesia Kontemporer tentang Agama dan Umat Yahudi ini merupakan bagian dari penguatan dan pengembangan sumber dana manusia dalam bentuk riset dan pengkajian di lingkungan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta tahun 2013. Penelitian ini dapat dilakukan sebagai bagian dari hibah penelitian kompetitif bagi para dosen dan tenaga pengajar di UIN Jakarta melalui Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) UIN Jakarta c.q. Pusat Penelitian dan Penerbitan tahun anggaran 2012-2013. Oleh karena itu, kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah atas segala bantuan dan dukungan yang diberikan sehingga penelitian ini bisa berjalan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Ucapan terima kasih juga disampaikan kepada Kepala dan para staf di kantor Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) c.q. Pusat Penelitian dan Penerbitan UIN Jakarta yang memberikan banyak kemudahan dan bantuan teknis bagi pelaksanaan penelitian ini. Terima kasih juga disampaikan i kepada berbagai pihak yang membantu baik dalam pengumpulan data maupun saran untuk penyempurnaan penelitian ini. -
Socialism As a Cultural Movement?
REVIEW ESSAY Ahlrich Meyer SOCIALISM AS A CULTURAL MOVEMENT? WEBER, PETRA. Sozialismus als Kulturbewegung. Fruhsozialistische Ar- beiterbewegung und das Entstehen zweier feindlicher Bruder Marxismus und Anarchismus. [Beitrage zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, Band 86.] Droste Verlag, Diisseldorf 1989. 545 pp. DM 98.00. There is nothing wrong in tackling the intellectual history of social move- ments from a contemporary interest and perspective. Such an approach often uncovers things previously buried under the debris of received wis- dom. Moreover, early socialism, the topic under discussion here, has long been used as a screen on which to project topical ideological arguments. This dissertation by Petra Weber on the "early socialist labour movement and the rise of the two hostile brothers Marxism and anarchism" (thus the subtitle), sponsored by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, supervised by Profes- sor Heinrich August Winkler and Professor Wilhelm Hennis and published by the Bonn Commission on Parliamentary History and Political Parties, is the latest attempt to respond to "the demand for alternative concepts of socialism" (p. 13) by recalling socialist traditions preceding and contempo- raneous with Marx. The author stresses primarily two themes in her at- tempted actualization: firstly she highlights the much neglected continuity between early socialism and anarchism and endeavours to reverse the suppression of anarchism from the history of socialism, and secondly she relies on the change of paradigm in sociohistorical research pioneered by E. P. Thompson and others by adopting a broad notion of "working-class culture" and the labour movement as a "cultural movement". Together these provide the thesis of her book, namely that "the continuity of early socialism and anarchism must be sought in its self-image as a cultural movement" (p. -
Bakunin's Writings, [Edited] by Guy A. Aldred
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin s Writings AKUNIN S WRITINGS BY CUY A. ALDRED. MODERN PUBLISHERS, INDORE. Available at LIBERTARIAN BOOK HOUSE, Arya Bhavan, Sandhurst Road, BOMBAY, 4. E RS. 2/- Published by: MODERN PUBLISHERS, INDORE CITY. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Books and Pamphlets published by the Modern Publishers of Indore and those of other Publishers that are sold by Libertarian Book House, are sold on the condition that they will be taken back if not approved within a week from the sale date and full amount of the cost minus 5% will be refunded to the purchaser if the books returned are in good condition and are not spoiled. As we are confident that our books give full value for the money so there will be very few returns. i Please take advantage of this offer and ask for list of the books which will be supplied free anywli in India. MANAGER, THE LIBERTARIAN BOOK HOU*E. Printed by: C. M. SHAH, MODERN PRINTERY LX>., INDORE CITY. MUTUAL BANKING BY GREENE. SOME OF THF CONTENTS. Value, Currency, The Disadvantages of a Specie Currency. The Business of Banking. \ Bills of Exchange. The rate of Interest, Advantages of Mutual Banking. \ : Mutual money Generally Competent to Force its oiWC . Way !~j If Into General Circulation. The Measure of Value. The Regulator of value. The Provincial Land Bank. Money, Advantage of a Mutual Currency. Credit, Legitimate Credit. Credit Mutual Bank in Operation, Price Us. 1-4-0. Available at: LIBERTARIAN BOOK HOUSE, ARYA BHAVAN, SANDHURST ROAD, BOMBAY, 4. OR MODERN PUBLISHERS, INDORE CITY RISE & FALL OF THE COMINTERN by K. -
Nur Sayyid Santoso Kristeva, M.A
Sekolah Analisis Sosial (SAS) Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) NUR SAYYID SANTOSO KRISTEVA, M.A. Diterbitkan atas solidaritas, dukungan dan kerjasama: Institute for Philosophical and Social Studies (INSPHISOS), Komunitas Diskusi Progressif: Eye On The Revolution & Revolusi Demokratik, Jaringan Inti Ideologis Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII). Anti-Copyright © 2014, dicetak, diterbitkan dan disebarkan untuk kebutuhan amunisi intelektual Kader Inti Ideologis dan kebutuhan gerakan sosial. 1 Sekolah Analisis Sosial (SAS) Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) BUKU PANDUAN SEKOLAH ANALISIS SOSIAL PERGERAKAN MAHASISWA ISLAM INDONESIA (PMII) Nur Sayyid Santoso Kristeva,M.A. © Insphisos, Eye On The Revolution & Revdem, PMII, 2014. [PARADIGMA ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL & PERUBAHAN SOSIALDINAMIKA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL INDONESIAPROTES SOSIAL, REFORMASI POLITIK DAN GERAKAN SOSIALSTRATEGI GERAKAN SOSIAL: MEMBEDAH RELASI NEGARA & MASYARAKATMARXISME, IDEOLOGI KAPITALISME, SOSIALISME, KOMUNISMEKERANGKA PIKIR REVOLUSI SOSIAL & REVOLUSI POLITIKANALISIS GEO-EKONOMI, SOSIAL DAN POLITIKPETA DAN LANGKAH PRAXIS ANALISIS SOSIALSTUDI DASAR ADVOKASIMANAJEMEN DAN RESOLUSI KONFLIKANALISIS WACANA MEDIA (MEDIA DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)PARADIGMA ANALISIS WACANA MEDIA (MODEL TEUN A VAN DIJK)TEHNIK AGITASI, ORASI & PROPAGANDATEHNIK DAN MANAJEMEN AKSI MASSATEHNIK LOBBY DAN NEGOSIASIPENGORGANISASIAN MASYARAKAT (CO)] Disusun Oleh: Nur Sayyid Santoso Kristeva, M.A. HP. 085 647 634 312/ E-Mail: [email protected]. Alumnus (S.1) UIN Sunan Kalijaga Jogjakarta, Alumnus -
PHILOSOPHICAL (PRE)OCCUPATIONS and the PROBLEM of IDEALISM: from Ideology to Marx’S Critique of Mental Labor
PHILOSOPHICAL (PRE)OCCUPATIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF IDEALISM: From Ideology to Marx’s Critique of Mental Labor by Ariane Fischer Magister, 1999, Freie Universität Berlin M.A., 2001, The Ohio State University M.Phil., 2005, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2010 Dissertation directed by Andrew Zimmerman Associate Professor of History The Columbian College of The George Washington University certifies that Ariane Fischer has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of August 25, 2009. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. PHILOSOPHICAL (PRE)OCCUPATIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF IDEALISM: From Ideology to Marx’s Critique of Mental Labor Ariane Fischer Dissertation Research Committee: Andrew Zimmerman, Associate Professor of History, Dissertation Director Peter Caws, University Professor of Philosophy, Committee Member Gail Weiss, Professor of Philosophy, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2010 by Ariane Fischer All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank her dissertation advisor Andrew Zimmerman, who has been a continuous source of support and encouragement. His enthusiastic yet demanding guidance has been invaluable. Both his superior knowledge of history and theory as well as his diligence in reviewing drafts have been crucial in the successful completion of the research and writing process. Further, many thanks are extended to Gail Weiss and Peter Caws for joining the dissertation committee, and to Dan Moschenberg and Paul Smith for agreeing to be readers. -
The Rise and Fall of Communism
The Rise and Fall of Communism archie brown To Susan and Alex, Douglas and Tamara and to my grandchildren Isobel and Martha, Nikolas and Alina Contents Maps vii A Note on Names viii Glossary and Abbreviations x Introduction 1 part one: Origins and Development 1. The Idea of Communism 9 2. Communism and Socialism – the Early Years 26 3. The Russian Revolutions and Civil War 40 4. ‘Building Socialism’: Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–40 56 5. International Communism between the Two World Wars 78 6. What Do We Mean by a Communist System? 101 part two: Communism Ascendant 7. The Appeals of Communism 117 8. Communism and the Second World War 135 9. The Communist Takeovers in Europe – Indigenous Paths 148 10. The Communist Takeovers in Europe – Soviet Impositions 161 11. The Communists Take Power in China 179 12. Post-War Stalinism and the Break with Yugoslavia 194 part three: Surviving without Stalin 13. Khrushchev and the Twentieth Party Congress 227 14. Zig-zags on the Road to ‘communism’ 244 15. Revisionism and Revolution in Eastern Europe 267 16. Cuba: A Caribbean Communist State 293 17. China: From the ‘Hundred Flowers’ to ‘Cultural Revolution’ 313 18. Communism in Asia and Africa 332 19. The ‘Prague Spring’ 368 20. ‘The Era of Stagnation’: The Soviet Union under Brezhnev 398 part four: Pluralizing Pressures 21. The Challenge from Poland: John Paul II, Lech Wałesa, and the Rise of Solidarity 421 22. Reform in China: Deng Xiaoping and After 438 23. The Challenge of the West 459 part five: Interpreting the Fall of Communism 24. -
PRICE, 15 CEN'l
:m for $1 .OO. PRICE, 15 CEN’l---k 100 Copies for $6 ’ CONTENTS. dTISPIECE, facing . > . 3 rational Executive Board Social Democratic Party. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SocraLrs~\r IN A~IERIC~ . 3 Illustrated. THE FIRSTAXERICAS AC~ITATOR. 77 Illustrated. ATRIP TOGIR.IRD . _ . 87 Illustrated. K.~RLM~RXOXGC~&ORGE. 94 MXHIXE vs.Har~T,~~on . 97 NOTABLEL.~BORCOSFIICTS OP 1899 _ . 99 GRONLUKD-GR~~T~~T.LF,N . .lOl Illustrated. THE“GOLDEXIZI,LB X.\WR" 9 . 103 SOCI~UST CONTROVERSIRS, 1899 . .104 PROF.HERRON'SC.~SE . .105 No MUSTER (Poem) . , . 106 BIOGRAPHICAL . 107 Victor L. Berger, James F. Carey, John C. Chase, Sumner F. Claflin, Jesse Cox, Ellgene V. Debs, A. S. Edwards, W. E. Far- mer, F. G. R. Gordon, Margaret Haile, Frederic Heath, \Villiam Mailly, Chas. R. Martin, Frederic 0. McCartney, TV. P. Porter, A. E. Sanderson, Louis 11. States, Seymour St,edman, Howard Tuttle, J. A. Wayland. CHRONOLOGICAL (1899) . : . 118 ELECTIOP;STATISTICR . I . .121 SOCIALDEYOCRATIC P.\RT~ . 12’7 Organization and Press. DIRECTORY OF SOCIALDEJIOCR.~TS . 127 PLATFORYS . 130 PORTRAITS of Eugene V. Debs, Jesse Cox, Victor L. Berger, Sey- mour Stedman, Frederic Heath, Etienne Cabet, Robert Owen, Wilhelm Weitling, John Ruskin, William Morris, A. S. Edwards, F. G. R. Gordon, Eugene Dietzgen, James F. Carey, John C. Chase, Frederic 0. McCartney, W. P. Porter, W. E. Farmer, Margaret Haile, Albert Brisbane, Laurence Gronlund, Grant, Alien. ProgressiveThoughtLibrary SOCIAL and ECONOMIC. Liberty . Debs . $0 05 Merrie England . _ . Bldchford . 10 Nunicipnl Socialism . Gordon . 05 Prison Labor . Debs . 05 Socialism and Slavery . Hyndman . 05 Crovernment Ownership of Railways .