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Development of the Organization of Agro-Cluster Activities in Agriculture

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The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2693-0811) 2020: 5. 307 Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 17-29 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume02Issue09-03 Development Of The Organization Of Agro-Cluster Activities In Agriculture Abdulaxad Shermatov Candidate Of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Namangan Engineering And Technology Institute, Namangan, Uzbekistan Journal Website: Naima Ikromjanovna Isakova http://usajournalshub.c om/index,php/tajmei Independent Researcher, Namangan Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Namangan, Uzbekistan Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. ABSTRACT This article describes the ways to create agro-clusters in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to achieve a new level of development on the basis of an innovative approach to them. KEYWORDS Agriculture, agrocluster, cluster, innovation, science, education, industry INTRODUCTION One of the effective mechanisms of economic systems in the economies of countries, the development in the rapid development of creation of a "cluster system" of production, agriculture in the country is the organization including geographically close enterprises and and acceleration of the development of agro- organizations that serve them. clusters. On the basis of changes in the world economy since the end of the twentieth Concepts such as "cluster", "clusterization", century is the formation of new management "cluster policy" are entering through the The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 17 The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2693-0811) 2020: 5. 307 Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 17-29 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume02Issue09-03 organization of agriculture in the light of "Principles of Economics" (1890) [3]. “At the today's changes. The policy of agricultural same time, a cluster means a combination of clustering will increase the competitiveness of several identical elements that can be local producers through the establishment of considered as an independent unit with certain new agricultural structures in the regions of characteristics. For example, a cluster is a unit the country and will lead to the emergence of of a topic or a set of search results belonging new types of agricultural products under the to a class of relevant elements of a statistical influence of new innovative impulses. "The population. A cluster is a group of cluster has developed the German economy geographically adjacent companies and emerged as an engine of economic growth (manufacturers, suppliers, etc.) and related within the European Union. Showed a high organizations (educational institutions, level of growth in the Finnish economy ”[1]. It governments, infrastructure) ”[4]. also states that "more than half of all organizations in the U.S. economy operate on MAIN PART this model." A cluster is a set of enterprises located in a In the organization of clusters in the particular region or space, with strong mutual agricultural system is the focus on the cooperation and collaboration with each other, production of new types of agricultural competing fairly with each other, quickly products based on the organization of learning and adapting to innovative innovative activities in conjunction with the innovations. This system can be applied to all interaction of closely related industries in the areas and has a universal feature. They will district and the region and the harmonization need to be grouped based on industry and of agricultural enterprises and other services. industry characteristics. “Cluster is a French term that means paw, Figure 1 provides information on the typology head, tie, group, gathering, stable in Uzbek. of clusters. However, it is possible to group the Cluster selection is also represented as a cluster according to its seven main method of research. The essence of the cluster characteristics: is reflected in Alfred Marshall's theoretical - Geographical clusters: increasing the views on the "integration of specialized economic activity of interregional clusters, industries in separate regions" in his book initially local (eg horticulture in the Netherlands), global (aerospace clusters); The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 18 The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2693-0811) 2020: 5. 307 Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 17-29 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume02Issue09-03 Typology of clusters Geographically Horizontal Vertical Lateral Technological Focus Quality Figure 1. Typology of clusters 1 Horizontal clusters: the formation of several research and innovation. industries and sectors out of large clusters, the Lateral clusters: combine sectors of the formation of metaclusters, a group of clusters economy that lead to new combination specific to a particular region (for example, relationships (e.g., multimedia clusters); metaclusters in the Dutch economy); Technological clusters: a set of users of the Vertical clusters: is the activity of clusters with same technology (for example, adjacent stages of production process stages. biotechnological clusters); At the same time, it is important to identify the full range of network participants involved in Focus clusters: a set of enterprises located around a single center (for example, an 1 Author's development The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 19 The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2693-0811) 2020: 5. 307 Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 17-29 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume02Issue09-03 enterprise, a research institute, an educational Today, clusters specialize on the basis of institution); networks, semi-networks, which increase the competitiveness of regions at the macro and Quality clusters: is a set of enterprises based on meso levels [6]. According to Harvard Business effective and qualitative options of interaction. School experts, the share of clusters in Collaboration between clusters may not production is 32% in the United States and 39% always automatically affect the development in Sweden [7]. At the same time, significant of innovations. Strong partnerships can, in changes in the agricultural system will affect some cases, have a negative impact on other sectors as well. Therefore, it will be innovation. For this reason, cooperation may possible to ensure the effective operation of not provide a solid foundation for the industry through the widespread use of development and a high growth rate. new and innovative innovations. "In developed countries, 1% of additional agricultural In recent years, under the influence of the production in agriculture will increase development of science in the world economy, industrial infrastructure by 2.5%, processing such as computer science, ecology, industry by 1.4%, transport services by 0.33%, biotechnology, genetic engineering, a new trade by 2.7%" [8]. generation of innovative agro-industrial clusters producing new types of agricultural products began to appear. Clusters are divided into specialized types such as innovative, scientific, educational, industrial types [5]. Structure of innovative clusters Science Education Small and Large Element medium business organizations infrastructure Figure 2. Structure of innovative agro-industrial clusters 2 2 E.A.Monastyrnyy. author's development on the basis of data The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 20 The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2693-0811) 2020: 5. 307 Published: September 30, 2020 | Pages: 17-29 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume02Issue09-03 Currently, according to the types of clusters, The Boston Consulting Group – a leading the city is divided into internal clusters, cluster- international company in the world, city, cluster-region, cluster-countries. The specializing in consulting management; impact of industrial-innovative clusters on regional economic development is high. M. European Innovative Scoreboard 2011 – The Porter's scientific developments on the European Innovation Table Index is an organization and development of clusters are instrument of the European Commission, an quite popular. According to Porter, clusters are evaluation system based on the Lisbon interdependent geographic groups that form a strategies, consisting of EU member states in moving shell of interconnected companies, innovation activities; and clusters of different shapes complement The Innovation Index EIU (Economist each other. The term cluster is an independent Intelligence Unit), a British research company, economic concept. analytical section of the Economist magazine and the state commission develops proposals RESULTS AND DISCUSSION for the inclusion of high innovative technologies in innovation development Agroclusters are a world-renowned process, programs. without increasing the volume of agro- industrial production, structural changes, 1. The Boston Innovation Index consists of increased product competitiveness, two sections: “Innovation Inputs” and accelerated innovation direction. Clustering is “Innovation Performance” when also one of the most effective mechanisms of translated from English. At the heart of regional development, increasing employment BCG is the active manufacturing sector, and welfare. Increasing the competitiveness of which focuses on the production of quality agro-industrial cluster products
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