DOCSLIB.ORG

Doubling Power Output of Starch Biobattery Treated by the Most Thermostable Isoamylase from an Archaeon Sulfolobus Tokodaii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Doubling Power Output of Starch Biobattery Treated by the Most Thermostable Isoamylase from an Archaeon Sulfolobus Tokodaii www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Doubling Power Output of Starch Biobattery Treated by the Most Thermostable Isoamylase from an Received: 09 March 2015 Accepted: 17 July 2015 Archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii Published: 20 August 2015 Kun Cheng1,2, Fei Zhang3, Fangfang Sun3, Hongge Chen1 & Y-H Percival Zhang2,3,4 Biobattery, a kind of enzymatic fuel cells, can convert organic compounds (e.g., glucose, starch) to electricity in a closed system without moving parts. Inspired by natural starch metabolism catalyzed by starch phosphorylase, isoamylase is essential to debranch alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds of starch, yielding linear amylodextrin – the best fuel for sugar-powered biobattery. However, there is no thermostable isoamylase stable enough for simultaneous starch gelatinization and enzymatic hydrolysis, different from the case of thermostable alpha-amylase. A putative isoamylase gene was mined from megagenomic database. The open reading frame ST0928 from a hyperthermophilic archaeron Sulfolobus tokodaii was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was easily purified by heat precipitation at 80 oC for 30 min. This enzyme was characterized and required Mg2+ as an activator. This enzyme was the most stable isoamylase reported with a half lifetime of o 200 min at 90 C in the presence of 0.5 mM MgCl2, suitable for simultaneous starch gelatinization and isoamylase hydrolysis. The cuvett-based air-breathing biobattery powered by isoamylase-treated starch exhibited nearly doubled power outputs than that powered by the same concentration starch solution, suggesting more glucose 1-phosphate generated. Biological fuel cells are emerging electro-biochemical devices that directly convert chemical energy from a variety of fuels into electricity by using low-cost biocatalysts enzymes or microorganisms instead of costly precious metals1–3. Compared to microbial fuel cells, enzymatic fuel cells usually generate much higher power densities in terms of mW/cm2 3,4, suggesting their great potential for powering a variety of porta- ble electronic devices2,5. Inspired by the metabolism of living organisms that can utilize complex organic compounds (e.g., starch, glycogen) as stored energy sources and release glucose 1-phosphate slowly for catabolism, polysaccharide-powered enzymatic fuel cells may be more promising than mono-saccharide powered enzymatic fuel cells2 because polysaccharide has 11% higher energy density than glucose, has a much lower osmotic pressure than glucose and release chemical energy stepwise. A recent break- through of complete oxidation of glucose units of maltodextrin based on an ATP-free synthetic enzy- matic pathway lead to a high-energy density biobattery2. But alpha-1,4,6-D-glucose branch-points in amylopectin, a dominant component of plant starch, and maltodextrin (Fig. 1a) cannot be converted to glucose 1-phosphate catalyzed by alpha-glucan (starch) phosphorylase, resulting in a waste of the fuel and decreased energy density. 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. 2Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA. 3Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA. 4Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.C. (email: [email protected]) or Y.P.Z. (email: [email protected]) SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 5:13184 | DOI: 10.1038/srep13184 1 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Figure 1. The scheme of amylopectin hydrolysis catalyzed by isoamylase (IA) for the generation of linear amylodextrin (a) and of an air-breathing biobattery powered by amylopectin or starch (b). The enzymes used are α -glucan (starch) phosphorylase (α GP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and diaphorase (DI). Isoamylase (IA, EC 3.2.1.68) hydrolyzes alpha-1,6-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen and amyl- opectin (Fig. 1a). The enzyme is able to hydrolyze both inner and outer branching points of amylopec- tin, and is commonly used in combination with other enzymes, such as alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and glucoamylase to produce maltose and glucose from starch. In contrast, another commonly-used de-branching enzyme pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) prefer hydrolyzing very short branched dextrin that is remaining oligosaccharides of enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin catalyzed by alpha-amylase and/or beta-amylase6. Therefore, pullulanase is an important enzyme, along with alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, and beta-amylase, used for the production of glucose from starch. In terms of glucose 1-phosphate generation, isoamylase is very important to convert amylopectin to linear amylodextrin with a degree of polymerization of 20—30 from amylopectin. However, few thermostable or thermotolerant isoamyl- ases7,8 were studied compared to thermostable alpha-amylase used in the starch industry. None of them are stable enough for simultaneous starch gelatinization and enzymatic hydrolysis. Pre-mixing of starch granules with thermostable isoamylase is very important to decrease mixing energy consumption for the high-viscosity starch slurry and generate the relatively homogeneous hydrolytic product — amylodextrin. Linear amylodextrin made from branched amylopectin catalyzed by isoamylase is different from maltodextrin made by alpha-amylase, which contains some branched points. In the purpose of ATP-free production of glucose 1-phosphate catalyzed by starch phosphorylase, amylopectin is better than malto- dextrin for better glucose utilization efficiency and high weight slurry achieved. Such low-cost glucose 1-phosphate produced from starch and phosphate ions can be used to generate bioelectricity here, gen- erate low-cost green hydrogen in distributed bioreactors9,10, provide energy for cell-free protein synthe- sis11,12, synthesize fine chemicals (e.g., 6-phophogluconate)13, and so on. Therefore, the production of amylodextrin or its short products (e.g., maltose) from starch by using isoamylase is becoming more and more important8. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 5:13184 | DOI: 10.1038/srep13184 2 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Opt. Protein Temp & Sp act. IU/mg Half life time Organism Gene ID size (AA) pH (U/mg*) (condition) Ref. 85 oC, 3.5 h (90 oC, Sulfolobus tokodaii 24473558 716 6.4 (1759*) This Study pH 5.5 + Mg2+) 75 oC, Sulfolobus solfataricus 15896971 718 16.7 (4600*) 2 h (85 oC) 7 pH 5.0 70 oC, Bacillus lentus 493116169 886 pH 5.5- 53 (6,535*) < 1 h, 80 oC 8,17 8.5 37 oC, Flavobacterium odoratum 5672639 762 pH 6.0- 172 NA 31 7.0 30 oC, Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) 139867062 783 3.51 NA 24 pH 6.0 52 oC, Pseudomonas amyloderamosa 151294 771 59 NA 32 pH 3–4 30 oC, Oryza sativa (rice) 3252793 733 pH 51.2 NA 33 6.5–7 40 oC, Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 22074054 657 NA NA 22 pH 7.0 30 oC, Solanum tuberosum (potato) 568214804 793 0.1 NA 34 pH 6 Table 1. Comparison of basic properties of characterized isoamylases. *Not international unit. Unit was measured based on the iodine-stain method. Enzyme-based biocatalysis has become an attractive alternative to chemical catalysis because of its higher reaction selectivity and more modest reaction conditions14,15. But most enzymes are not suitable for industrial applications due to their relatively poor stability. Discovery and utilization of thermoen- zymes from hyperthermophilic microorganisms and exploding megagenome database is of great interest for numerous industrial applications15. Sulfolobus tokodaii was originally discovered in an acidic spa in Beppu Hot Springs of Kyushu Island, Japan, in the early 1980s16. It is a hyperthermophilic archeaon with an optimal growth temperature of 80 oC and an optimal pH of 2.5–3.0. S. tokodaii strain 7 is the most investigated because it is the most abundant, can be easily isolated and cultivated in labs. Its genomic DNA sequence has been completed in 200116. S. tokodaii may be an invaluable source of intrinsically thermostable enzymes. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) ST0928 which was hypothesized to encode a glycoside hydrolase — glycogen debranching enzyme (E.C.3.2.1.-) was cloned in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized for the first time. Isoamylase-treated starch was tested to power biobattery compared to non-treated starch (Fig. 1b). Results Identification of a putative IA. Compared to thermostable alpha-amylase, isoamylase received less attention because its hydrolytic product – amylodextrin has limited applications. Approximately 10 isoa- mylases have been purified and characterized (Table 1). Among them, one from a hyperthemophilic archaeon S. solfataricus is thermostable7 and the other from Bacillus lentus is thermotolerant8,17. But their lifetime at 90 oC, a temperature needed for starch gelatinization, is not long enough (e.g., several hours for alpha-amylase) for simultaneous starch gelatinization and enzymatic hydrolysis. We searched potential thermostable isoamylase genes by following the below protocol. First, we col- lected all characterized isoamylase protein sequences. Second, we blasted the known isoamylase pro- tein sequences against the whole gene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and especially against special hypthermophilic micro-organisms, whose optimal growth tem- perature is more than 80 oC. Third, we double checked possible
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TO Thermostable Sucrose Phosphorylase 20120924
    Thermostable sucrose phosphorylase Ghent Bio-Energy Valley, a consortium of research laboratories of Ghent University, is seeking partners interested in the industrial and enzymatic production of glycosides or glucose-1-phosphate at temperatures of 60°C or higher using a thermostable phosphorylase. Introduction Sucrose phosphorylase catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of sucrose into α-glucose-1-phosphate and fructose. Because of the broad acceptor specificity of the enzyme, it can further be used for the production of a number of glycosylated compounds. At the industrial scale, such production processes are preferably run at 60°C or higher, mainly to avoid microbial contamination. Unfortunately, no sucrose phosphorylases are known yet which perform well at such high temperatures. Technology Researchers at Ghent University have identified a thermostable sucrose phosphorylase derived from the prokaryote Bifidobacterium adolescentis which performs well at 60°C or higher. The enzyme is active for at least 16h at 60°C when it is in the continuous presence of its substrate, and/or, when it is mutated at specific residues, and/or, when it is immobilized on a carrier or when it is immobilized by cross-linking so that it is part of a so-called “cross- linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA)”. Applications Enzymatic and/or recombinant methods to produce high value glycosides at elevated temperatures. Advantages • being able to produce glycosylated compounds at high temperatures avoids microbial contamination; • recycling of the immobilized biocatalyst in consecutive reactions increases the commercial potential. Status of development The sucrose phosphorylase of B. adolescentis was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and further purified. In addition, the enzyme was immobilized on an epoxy- activated enzyme carrier (Sepabeads EC-HFA) or was incorporated in a CLEA or was mutated to obtain enzyme variants.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Sucrose Phosphorylase: Combining Improved Stability with Altered Specificity
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 11333-11342; doi:10.3390/ijms130911333 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article An Imprinted Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate (iCLEA) of Sucrose Phosphorylase: Combining Improved Stability with Altered Specificity Karel De Winter, Wim Soetaert and Tom Desmet * Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: [email protected] (K.D.W.); [email protected] (W.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-9-2649-920; Fax: +32-9-2646-032. Received: 28 August 2012; in revised form: 5 September 2012 / Accepted: 5 September 2012 / Published: 11 September 2012 Abstract: The industrial use of sucrose phosphorylase (SP), an interesting biocatalyst for the selective transfer of α-glucosyl residues to various acceptor molecules, has been hampered by a lack of long-term stability and low activity towards alternative substrates. We have recently shown that the stability of the SP from Bifidobacterium adolescentis can be significantly improved by the formation of a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA). In this work, it is shown that the transglucosylation activity of such a CLEA can also be improved by molecular imprinting with a suitable substrate. To obtain proof of concept, SP was imprinted with α-glucosyl glycerol and subsequently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. As a consequence, the enzyme’s specific activity towards glycerol as acceptor substrate was increased two-fold while simultaneously providing an exceptional stability at 60 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Enzymes in Regioselective and Stereoselective Organic Reactions
    catalysts Review Application of Enzymes in Regioselective and Stereoselective Organic Reactions Ruipu Mu 1,*, Zhaoshuai Wang 2,3,* , Max C. Wamsley 1, Colbee N. Duke 1, Payton H. Lii 1, Sarah E. Epley 1, London C. Todd 1 and Patty J. Roberts 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA; [email protected] (M.C.W.); [email protected] (C.N.D.); [email protected] (P.H.L.); [email protected] (S.E.E.); [email protected] (L.C.T.); [email protected] (P.J.R.) 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA 3 Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (Z.W.) Received: 22 June 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 24 July 2020 Abstract: Nowadays, biocatalysts have received much more attention in chemistry regarding their potential to enable high efficiency, high yield, and eco-friendly processes for a myriad of applications. Nature’s vast repository of catalysts has inspired synthetic chemists. Furthermore, the revolutionary technologies in bioengineering have provided the fast discovery and evolution of enzymes that empower chemical synthesis. This article attempts to deliver a comprehensive overview of the last two decades of investigation into enzymatic reactions and highlights the effective performance progress of bio-enzymes exploited in organic synthesis. Based on the types of enzymatic reactions and enzyme commission (E.C.) numbers, the enzymes discussed in the article are classified into oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, and lyases.
    [Show full text]
  • Protein & Peptide Letters
    696 Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Protein & Peptide Letters, 2017, 24, 696-709 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN: 0929-8665 eISSN: 1875-5305 Impact Factor: 1.068 Glycan Phosphorylases in Multi-Enzyme Synthetic Processes BENTHAM Editor-in-Chief: SCIENCE Ben M. Dunn Giulia Pergolizzia, Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarpa, Eeshan Kalitaa,b and Robert A. Fielda,* aDepartment of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; bDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam -784028, India Abstract: Glycoside phosphorylases catalyse the reversible synthesis of glycosidic bonds by glyco- A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y sylation with concomitant release of inorganic phosphate. The equilibrium position of such reac- tions can render them of limited synthetic utility, unless coupled with a secondary enzymatic step Received: January 17, 2017 Revised: May 24, 2017 where the reaction lies heavily in favour of product. This article surveys recent works on the com- Accepted: June 20, 2017 bined use of glycan phosphorylases with other enzymes to achieve synthetically useful processes. DOI: 10.2174/0929866524666170811125109 Keywords: Phosphorylase, disaccharide, α-glucan, cellodextrin, high-value products, biofuel. O O 1. INTRODUCTION + HO OH Glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) are carbohydrate-active GH enzymes (CAZymes) (URL: http://www.cazy.org/) [1] in- H2O O GP volved in the formation/cleavage of glycosidic bond together O O GT O O + HO O + HO with glycosyltransferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) O -- NDP OPO3 NDP -- families (Figure 1) [2-6]. GT reactions favour the thermody- HPO4 namically more stable glycoside product [7]; however, these GS R enzymes can be challenging to work with because of their O O + HO current limited availability and relative instability, along R with the expense of sugar nucleotide substrates [7].
    [Show full text]
  • アミロース製造に利用する酵素の開発と改良 Phosphorylase and Muscle Phosphorylase B
    125 J. Appl. Glycosci., 54, 125―131 (2007) !C 2007 The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience Proceedings of the Symposium on Amylases and Related Enzymes, 2006 Developing and Engineering Enzymes for Manufacturing Amylose (Received December 5, 2006; Accepted January 5, 2007) Michiyo Yanase,1,＊ Takeshi Takaha1 and Takashi Kuriki1 1 Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd. (4 ―6 ―5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan) Abstract: Amylose is a functional biomaterial and is expected to be used for various industries. However at present, manufacturing of amylose is not done, since the purification of amylose from starch is very difficult. It has been known that amylose can be produced in vitro by using α-glucan phosphorylases. In order to ob- tain α-glucan phosphorylase suitable for manufacturing amylose, we isolated an α-glucan phosphorylase gene from Thermus aquaticus and expressed it in Escherichia coli. We also obtained thermostable α-glucan phos- phorylase by introducing amino acid replacement onto potato enzyme. α-Glucan phosphorylase is suitable for the synthesis of amylose; the only problem is that it requires an expensive substrate, glucose 1-phosphate. We have avoided this problem by using α-glucan phosphorylase either with sucrose phosphorylase or cellobiose phosphorylase, where inexpensive raw material, sucrose or cellobiose, can be used instead. In these combined enzymatic systems, α-glucan phosphorylase is a key enzyme. This paper summarizes our work on engineering practical α-glucan phosphorylase for industrial processes and its use in the enzymatic synthesis of essentially linear amylose and other glucose polymers. Key words: amylose, glucose polymer, α-glucan phosphorylase, glycogen debranching enzyme, protein engi- neering α-1,4 glucan is the major form of energy reserve from Enzymes for amylose synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 1 117 822 B1
    Europäisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office & Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 117 822 B1 (12) EUROPÄISCHE PATENTSCHRIFT (45) Veröffentlichungstag und Bekanntmachung des (51) Int Cl.: Hinweises auf die Patenterteilung: C12P 19/18 (2006.01) C12N 9/10 (2006.01) 03.05.2006 Patentblatt 2006/18 C12N 15/54 (2006.01) C08B 30/00 (2006.01) A61K 47/36 (2006.01) (21) Anmeldenummer: 99950660.3 (86) Internationale Anmeldenummer: (22) Anmeldetag: 07.10.1999 PCT/EP1999/007518 (87) Internationale Veröffentlichungsnummer: WO 2000/022155 (20.04.2000 Gazette 2000/16) (54) HERSTELLUNG VON POLYGLUCANEN DURCH AMYLOSUCRASE IN GEGENWART EINER TRANSFERASE PREPARATION OF POLYGLUCANS BY AMYLOSUCRASE IN THE PRESENCE OF A TRANSFERASE PREPARATION DES POLYGLUCANES PAR AMYLOSUCRASE EN PRESENCE D’UNE TRANSFERASE (84) Benannte Vertragsstaaten: (56) Entgegenhaltungen: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU WO-A-00/14249 WO-A-00/22140 MC NL PT SE WO-A-95/31553 (30) Priorität: 09.10.1998 DE 19846492 • OKADA, GENTARO ET AL: "New studies on amylosucrase, a bacterial.alpha.-D-glucosylase (43) Veröffentlichungstag der Anmeldung: that directly converts sucrose to a glycogen- 25.07.2001 Patentblatt 2001/30 like.alpha.-glucan" J. BIOL. CHEM. (1974), 249(1), 126-35, XP000867741 (73) Patentinhaber: Südzucker AG Mannheim/ • BUTTCHER, VOLKER ET AL: "Cloning and Ochsenfurt characterization of the gene for amylosucrase 68165 Mannheim (DE) from Neisseria polysaccharea: production of a linear.alpha.-1,4-glucan" J. BACTERIOL. (1997), (72) Erfinder: 179(10), 3324-3330, XP002129879 • GALLERT, Karl-Christian • DE MONTALK, G. POTOCKI ET AL: "Sequence D-61184 Karben (DE) analysis of the gene encoding amylosucrase • BENGS, Holger from Neisseria polysaccharea and D-60598 Frankfurt am Main (DE) characterization of the recombinant enzyme" J.
    [Show full text]
  • 55856192.Pdf
    Members of the jury: Prof. dr. ir. Frank Devlieghere (chairman) Prof. dr. ir. Wim Soetaert (promotor) Prof. dr. ir. Erick Vandamme (promotor) Prof. dr. Els Vandamme Prof. dr. Savvas Savvides Dr. Tom Desmet Dr. Henk-Jan Joosten Promotors: Prof. dr. ir. Wim SOETAERT (promotor) Prof. dr. ir. Erick VANDAMME (promotor) Centre of expertise – Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology Ghent University, Belgium Dean: Prof. dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck Rector: Prof. dr. Paul Van Cauwenberge The research was conducted at the Centre of expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (Ghent, Belgium) ir. An CERDOBBEL ENGINEERING THE THERMOSTABILITY OF SUCROSE PHOSPHORYLASE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences Dutch translation of the title: Engineering van de thermostabiliteit van sucrose phosphorylase voor industriële toepassingen Cover illustration: “Three-dimensional structure of sucrose phosphorylase colored by B-factor.” Printed by University Press, Zelzate To refer to this thesis: Cerdobbel, A. (2011). Engineering the thermostability of sucrose phosphorylase for industrial applications. PhD thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 200 p. ISBN-number: 978-90-5989-414-3 The author and the promoter give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. WOORD VOORAF Er wordt wel eens gezegd dat het woord vooraf het meest gelezen stukje is van een proefschrift.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Biotechnology Advances 32 (2014) 87–106 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biotechnology Advances journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Starch biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields Abdellatif Bahaji a,1, Jun Li a,1, Ángela María Sánchez-López a, Edurne Baroja-Fernández a, Francisco José Muñoz a, Miroslav Ovecka a,b, Goizeder Almagro a, Manuel Montero a, Ignacio Ezquer a, Ed Etxeberria c, Javier Pozueta-Romero a,⁎ a Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Mutiloako etorbidea z/g, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain b Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic c University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850-2299, USA article info abstract Available online 1 July 2013 Structurally composed of the glucose homopolymers amylose and amylopectin, starch is the main storage carbo- hydrate in vascular plants, and is synthesized in the plastids of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Amylase 2019; 3: 32–40 Research Article Jorick Franceus, Tom Desmet* A GH13 glycoside phosphorylase with unknown substrate specificity from Corallococcus coralloides https://doi.org/10.1515/amylase-2019-0003 received June 27, 2019; accepted August 6, 2019. subfamily 18; Glc1P, α-d-glucose 1-phosphate; GP, glycoside phosphorylase; HPAEC, high performance anion exchange Abstract: Glycoside phosphorylases in subfamily GH13_18 chromatography; MES, morpholinoethanesulfonic acid; of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database CAZy catalyse SP, sucrose phosphorylase. the reversible phosphorolysis of α-glycosidic bonds. They contribute to a more energy-efficient metabolism in vivo, and can be applied for the synthesis of valuable glucosides, 1 Introduction sugars or sugar phosphates in vitro. Continuing our efforts to uncover new phosphorylase specificities, we identified Recent years have witnessed an increased understanding an enzyme from the myxobacterium Corallococcus of the functional diversity of glycoside phosphorylases coralloides DSM 2259 that does not feature the (GPs) in family GH13 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme signature sequence patterns of previously characterised database CAZy (http://www.cazy.org/) [1], generally phosphorylases. The enzyme was recombinantly known as the α-amylase family. These enzymes catalyse expressed and subjected to substrate screening. Although the reversible phosphorolysis of glycosidic bonds to form it was confirmed that the Corallococcus phosphorylase sugar 1-phosphates [2-4], and do so with retention of the does not have the same substrate specificity as other anomeric configuration due to their double displacement phoshorylases from subfamily GH13_18, its true natural mechanism [5]. There are 42 subfamilies in GH13 at substrate remains a mystery for now. Myxobacteria have present, but only numbers 3 and 18 harbour characterised been widely investigated as producers of numerous GPs.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Characterization of Sucrose Phosphorylase and Scrr, a Regulator Of
    1 Functional characterization of sucrose phosphorylase and scrR, a regulator of 2 sucrose metabolism in Lactobacillus reuteri 3 4 Januana S. Teixeira1, Reihaneh Abdi1,2, Marcia Shu-Wei Su1,3, Clarissa Schwab1,4, and 5 Michael G. Gänzle 1§ 6 7 1University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 8 Edmonton, Canada 9 2Isfahan University of Technology, Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, 10 Isfahan, Iran 11 3Present address, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biology, University Park, 12 PA, U.S.A. 13 4Present address, University of Vienna, Department of Genetics in Ecology, Vienna, 14 Austria 15 16 §Corresponding author 17 4- 10 Ag/For Centre 18 Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5 19 Canada 20 21 e-mail, [email protected] 22 phone, + 1 780 492 0774 23 fax, + 1 780 492 4265 24 1 25 Abstract 26 Lactobacillus reuteri harbors alternative enzymes for sucrose metabolism, sucrose 27 phosphorylase, fructansucrases, and glucansucrases. Sucrose phosphorylase and 28 fructansucrases additionally contribute to raffinose metabolism. Glucansucrases and 29 fructansucrases produce exopolysaccharides as alternative to sucrose hydrolysis. L. 30 reuteri LTH5448 expresses a levansucrase (ftfA) and sucrose phosphorylase (scrP), both 31 are inducible by sucrose. This study determined the contribution of scrP to sucrose and 32 raffinose metabolism in L. reuteri LTH5448, and elucidated the role of scrR in regulation 33 sucrose metabolism. Disruption of scrP and scrR was achieved by double crossover 34 mutagenesis. L. reuteri LTH5448, LTH5448ΔscrP and LTH5448ΔscrR were 35 characterized with respect to growth and metabolite formation with glucose, sucrose, or 36 raffinose as sole carbon source. Inactivation of scrR led to constitutive transcription of 37 scrP and ftfA, demonstrating that scrR is negative regulator.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on a Purified Cellobiose Phosphorylase by James K
    Studies on a purified cellobiose phosphorylase by James K Alexander A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bacteriology Montana State University © Copyright by James K Alexander (1959) Abstract: Cellobiose phosphorylase, obtained from cell-free extracts of Clostridium themocellum strain 65l, has been purified sufficiently to eliminate interfering reactions. The purified enzyme catalyzes the phosphorolysis of cellobiose with the formation of equimolar quantities of glucose-l-phosphate and glucose. The reaction is reversible for equimolar quantities of cellobiose and inorganic phosphate are formed from glucose and glucose—l-phosphate. At equilibrium the molar ratio of cellobiose and inorganic phosphate to glucose-l-phosphate and glucose is about 2 to 1. The equilibrium constant, K = (glucose-l-phosphate)(glucose)/(cellobiose)(inorganic phosphate), at 37 C and pH 7 is about 0.23. The optimum pH for the activity of cellobiose phosphorylase appears to be about 7.0. The temperature coefficient between 20 C and 40 C is about 2.4. The effect of various inhibitors has been determined and the results suggest that a sulfhydryl group is essential for the activity of the enzyme. The synthesis of glucosyl-D-xyloses glucosyl-L-xylose, glucosyl-D-deoxyglucose, and glucosyl-D-glucosamine apparently is catalyzed by cellobiose phosphorylase. The enzyme also catalyzes the arsenolysis of cellobiose. Beta-glucose—l-phosphate is unable to replace alpha-glucose-l-phosphate in the synthesis of cellobiose. A Walden inversion apparently occurs in the reaction. Cellobiose phosphorylase apparently does not catalyze the exchange between glucose-l-phosphate and arsenate or between cellobiose and D-xylose.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocatalytic Process for Production of A-Glucosylglycerol Using Sucrose Phosphorylase
    276 C. LULEY-GOEDL et al.: Biocatalytic Production of a-Glucosylglycerol, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 48 (3) 276–283 (2010) ISSN 1330-9862 review (FTB-2486) Biocatalytic Process for Production of a-Glucosylglycerol Using Sucrose Phosphorylase Christiane Luley-Goedl, Thornthan Sawangwan, Mario Mueller, Alexandra Schwarz and Bernd Nidetzky* Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria Received: March 25, 2010 Accepted: April 28, 2010 Summary Glycosylglycerols are powerful osmolytes, produced by various plants, algae and bac- teria in adaptation to salt stress and drought. Among them, glucosylglycerol (2-O-a-D-glu- copyranosyl-sn-glycerol; GG) has attracted special attention for its promising application as a moisturizing agent in cosmetics. A biocatalytic process for the synthesis of GG as in- dustrial fine chemical is described in which sucrose phosphorylase (from Leuconostoc me- senteroides) catalyzes regioselective glucosylation of glycerol using sucrose as the donor substrate. The overall enzymatic conversion, therefore, is sucrose+glycerol®GG+D-fructose. Using a twofold molar excess of glycerol acceptor in highly concentrated substrate solu- tion, GG yield was 90 % based on ³250 g/L of converted sucrose. Enzymatic GG produc- tion was implemented on a multihundred kg-per-year manufacturing scale, and a com- mercial product for cosmetic applications is distributed on the market under the name Glycoin®. Technical features of the biotransformation that were decisive for a successful process development are elaborated. Stabilization of proteins is another interesting field of application for GG. Key words: glucosylglycerol, sucrose phosphorylase, transglucosylation, glycerol, Glycoin®, protein stabilization, osmolytes tion of proteins and the stabilization of supramolecular Introduction biological structures like those of lipid membranes.
    [Show full text]