IESE
Annual Report 1999 © 2000 Fraunhofer IESE
Imprint
Editorial board: Dr. Frank Bomarius Dipl.-Soz. Joachim Müller-Klink Dipl.-Dolm. Sonnhild Namingha
Layout and Graphics: Grimm & Lang, Partnerschaft Diplom Designer, Schopp
Lithography: Faber Druck GmbH, Kaiserslautern
Printing: Faber Druck GmbH, Kaiserslautern
Photography: Fraunhofer IESE Thomas Brenner, Kaiserslautern Annual Report of the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE 1999 Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering
Sauerwiesen 6 D-67661 Kaiserslautern
Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 100 Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200
Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iese.fhg.de
Foreword
The institute grew out of the successful Software Transfer Initiative at the University of Kaiserslautern (STTI-KL), which was founded as a “Transfer Group” under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Transpor- tation, Agriculture and Viniculture of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1993. Within four years, IESE has established itself as one of the leading international competence centers for applied research, and has established strategic collaborations with major companies within the telecommunica- tion, automotive and aerospace, banking, insurance and trade sectors. Special attention is given to small and medium-size companies within the State of Rhineland-Palatinate.
In early 1996, the Fraunhofer Institute Experimental Software Engineering for Experimental Software Engineering employs experiments of different kinds (IESE) was founded in Kaiserslautern as instruments for effective software and funded for five years initially. 1999 technology transfer. Based on the marked the fourth year of continuous recognition that well-understood and growth in industrial and public project quantitatively manageable software income. On 26 October 1999, the development and maintenance process- Fraunhofer Senate voted to make our es need to be customized to a compa- institute a permanent member of the ny’s specific business goals and charac- Fraunhofer Gesellschaft e.V., effective teristics, new and innovative software immediately. This “promotion” was technologies need to be carefully based on a very successful external evaluated before being transferred into review of IESE’s research competencies practice. After transfer, they need to be and business orientation by a panel of continuously tracked and optimized highly renowned experts in 1998, based on feedback from measurement. almost four years of successful industry collaborations, and the conviction that Fraunhofer IESE provides the following the market for software engineering products to industrial customers: expertise will continue to grow in the • contract research in key software future. This decision enables IESE to engineering areas continue to foster its high-quality inter- national personnel, to become a long- • transfer of innovative software term strategic partner for industrial engineering technologies (tech- firms, and to play a growing synergetic niques, methods and tools) into role with other Fraunhofer institutes as business practice (including their software increasingly permeates all customization) other Fraunhofer business domains. • build-up of industrial improvement programs
• consulting • education and training The most sought after areas for innova- lautern Industrial Park (PRE Park) has This report is intended to provide you tive software engineering technologies supported the local efforts to establish with an overview of our research and address a sound software and information transfer work in 1999. Together with technology industry in Kaiserslautern the distinguished members of our • predictable and certifiable software and has resulted in numerous collabo- Advisory Board we look forward to development (focus on require- rations with local firms. Overall, we see continued or new successful collabora- ments engineering, inspection/ a strong infrastructure for software and tion with you in the coming years. reviews, object-oriented design, IT developing in Kaiserslautern. measurement-based project track- Kaiserslautern, January 2000 ing) Further growth of IESE is only limited by • reuse-oriented software develop- its current location. We are, therefore, ment (focus on re-engineering/ eagerly awaiting the construction of reverse engineering for reuse, docu- our new permanent building. The ideal mentation for reuse, incremental location - close to the university, with inspections/ testing, product line additional space for start-up compa- Prof. Dr. Dieter Rombach development of software variants) nies - has been selected. We expect to Executive Director of the Fraunhofer start the planing process in 2000 and Institute for Experimental Software • project planning and management move into our new permanent home Engineering by data and quality assurance by 2002 or 2003. (focus on explicit process modeling, measurement and prediction Finally, I want to stress the high com- models) mitment and devotion of ALL employ- • process and product assessment ees to the vision and mission of IESE. (focus on CMM/SPICE-style assess- This commitment and devotion was ments, security & safety assessments and will continue to be the basis for of communications software and our success. The true assets of our in- electronic commerce applications, stitute are not our products but our quality assessments and certifica- people. We would like to sincerely tions of software products) acknowledge the active support and guidance we have received from Major highlights in 1999 (besides our Fraunhofer Gesellschaft e.V. in Munich, promotion to permanent institute) the University of Kaiserslautern (espe- included the continued build-up and cially my colleagues in the Computer maturation of our personnel, including Science Department), the City of about 20% international scientists, a Kaiserslautern, the State of Rhineland- strong presence at major international Palatinate, and our Advisory Board conferences (e.g., SEKE ’99) and work- (Kuratorium). Special thanks go to the shops in core competence areas of the members of our 1998 External Review institute, the continued growth and Committee whose careful evaluation renewal rate of industrial projects, the and recommendations provided not growth and integration of our U.S. only the basis for our promotion to sister organization (FC-MD) thru joint permanent institute, but also provided projects such as the SEC project, and valuable stimuli for our future develop- the extensive use of SWA Software ment into the next century. Akademie AG for professionalizing our Finally, I want to express my thanks for education and training offerings to the privilege of serving as the Executive industry. The IESE “Competence Center Director of such a dynamic and moti- for Software Technology and Continu- vated group of people. ing Education” located in the Kaisers- Contents
Profile of Fraunhofer IESE Competence Areas and Projects
Profile Overview 24
Vision and Mission 11 Quality Software Development 26
Events and Initiatives 12 Software Product Lines 34
Business Areas 16 Quality and Process Engineering 42
Offerings 17 Systematic Learning and Improvement 50 Collaborations 17 Continuing Education and Structure Training 60
Organigram 19
The International Institute 20
The Fraunhofer IESE 20
Advisory Board 21
The Institute in Numbers
Budget 22
Personnel 22
Development 23
8 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Appendix Software Engineering, Maryland
Vision and Mission 65 Overview 75
Business Fields, Targets, Benefits 65 Network in Science and Industry 76
Competencies and Offerings 65 Professional Contributions 80
Scientific and Industrial Activities 66 Scientific Publications 90
The FC-MD in Figures 70 Awards 100
Steering Committee Board 71 Events 101
References 71 The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 106
Research Partners 71 Contact Points and Further Information 108 Memberships in Professional Organizations 71
Events 72
Visitors Hosted 72
Professional Activities 72
Presentations and Tutorials 73
Publications 73
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 9 10 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
Vision and Mission
Over the past decades, software has The IESE vision within that global vision been introduced into almost all high- is to be one of the preferred industrial tech products and services. None of partners for contract research and them can function without software transfer of innovative technologies in anymore. An increasing number of the area of software engineering. We features of these products and services offer collaboration to companies in all are implemented in software. Conse- major business sectors, of all sizes, and quently, for the majority of industries, in all regions worldwide. We want to for telecommunication, trade, banking, be recognized as the worldlier lead-ing insurance, and other service domains, applied research center in the area of competitiveness and market success experimental software engineering. depend more and more directly upon their software engineering compe- The primary IESE mission is to provide tence. unique and value-adding solutions to our industrial customers by establishing Our global vision for the field of software improvement programs, trans- software and information technology is ferring innovative software technolo- that software competence will become gies, performing cooperative research, one of the most valuable assets for all conducting studies and assessments, high-tech product and service compa- and educating and training software nies. Such competence has to be built professionals. In addition, we promote up, managed, and continuously opti- experimental software engineering as a mized according to well-defined proven successful approach for intro- business goals. More and more compa- ducing and sustaining engineering-style nies will seek external help in order to rigor into industrial software develop- align their software competencies with ment practice, and advance the state- their strategic business goals. of-research in software engineering by evaluating promising new technologies experimentally, developing new tech- nologies based on industrial needs, packaging proven new technologies for specific customer needs, and collecting cost/benefit data demonstrating the be- nefits of new technologies in practice.
Fraunhofer IESE wants to maintain and continuously improve its standing with industrial partners. Therefore, we continuously monitor our customers’ needs, investigate new emerging areas of software engineering, develop promising technologies towards indus- trial strength, and, finally, transfer them into industrial practice. This enables our industrial customers to build up the needed and sought after software engineering competence in a timely Building of the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering in Kaiserslautern fashion.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 11 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
SWA Software Akademie AG using either IESE personnel or third- party personnel as lecturers. In this In January 1999, the SWA Software symbiosis, the industrial customers Akademie AG was founded. Barbara receive top-quality courses, IESE can Wix, an experienced professional in the focus on its core competencies, and area of industrial education and train- SWA has always access to the latest ing was attracted to lead the company software engineering materials and as CEO. The mission of the company is experienced lecturers. In 1999, two to provide high-quality re-training of very successful re-training courses for unemployed graduates for the soft- unemployed social science and liberal ware/IT sector, continuing education for arts graduates were held (all graduates company employees, technology received permanent job offers!), several training, hot topic seminars and execu- industry programs were launched, and tive training based on actual demand. a series of high-quality seminars have The collaboration between IESE and been conducted. It is expected that SWA AG works as follows: IESE designs SWA Software Akademie AG has a very training and education programs for successful future - adding to the service industry and provides the needed portfolio of IESE in the business area of software engineering materials. SWA education and training as well as to the organizes the actual performance of development of the labor market in the the training and education sessions, Kaiserslautern region.
Events and Initiatives
The year 1999 was marked by many important events and initiatives at Fraunhofer IESE. Events included the establishment of SWA Software Akade- mie AG - a start-up company support- ing IESE in professionalizing its training and continuing education offerings; the organization of major international th SWA opens new job perspectives in the software Well prepared for a career as technical authors: conferences such as the 11 Interna- industry: graduates from the course for "Object- graduates from the course for "Software tional Conference on Software Engi- oriented Developers for Financial Services" Documentation Specialists" neering & Knowledge Engineering (SEKE’99) in Kaiserslautern or PROFES’99 in Oulu, Finland; and the active participation in major research and industrial conferences and exhibi- tions such as CeBIT’99 in Hannover, SQM’99 in Cologne, or CONQUEST’99 in Nuremberg.
12 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
Ready to inform CeBIT visitors: Dirk Muthig and Peter Rösch at the Fraunhofer IESE booth
CeBIT’99
At CeBIT’99, IESE presented its unique range of methods, tools, and services, geared towards optimizing the software development process. The focus was on PuLSETM, COBRATM, SPEARMINTTM, and on the offerings in training and education. As an illustration of a fruitful SQM'99 Software partnership in research and develop- Quality Management ment, the wine information terminal of Congress in Cologne: the place where Markant Südwest Software- und software quality Dienstleistungs GmbH was shown at managers come the IESE booth. together
SQM’99
SQM is the largest German conference on Software Quality Management with a rapidly growing number of partici- pants. In 1999, 421 persons from industry, research, and consulting attended the conference and exhibition from April 28 to 30 in Cologne. Fraun- hofer IESE acted as sponsor and exhibi- tor (together with STI e.V.) and IESE staff members were part of the pro- gram committee and held two confer- Highlight in e-commerce: The web-based wine ence presentations. terminal of Markant Südwest Software- und Dienstleistungs GmbH, partner of Fraunhofer IESE
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 13 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
Unusual background for a scientific conference: participants of SEKE'99 inside the stadium of the local soccer team 1. FCK
SEKE’99 International Workshop on PROFES’99 Learning Software Organizations The Eleventh International Conference The International Conference on on Software Engineering and Knowl- The workshop took place the day Product Focused Software Process edge Engineering (SEKE’99) was held before SEKE’99. A total of ten presen- Improvement (PROFES’99) was organ- June 17-19 in Kaiserslautern. The tations provided an up-to-date and very ized in Oulu, Finland June 22-24, 1999. purpose of the conference was to bring well received overview on organization- Prof. Dieter Rombach was the general together experts and practitioners from al learning issues for about 30 attend- chair of the conference and Prof. both industry and academia to share ees. The workshop was comprised of Markku Oivo was the program co-chair. ideas, solutions, and experiences. More three sessions, one on Organizational The main theme of PROFES’99 was than 120 participants from all over the Memories, one on Industrial Experienc- professional software process improve- world attended this very successful es of LSO, and one on Process-centered ment motivated by product quality conference. IESE was very well repre- Approaches to LSO. Frank Bomarius needs. The topics of the conference sented in the variety of activities during organized and chaired the workshop. attracted a lot of industrial participants the conference (tutorials, panels, paper (62%), which seems to confirm that presentations). Dieter Rombach was the process and product improvement are general chair of the conference and very topical issues in industry. Günther Ruhe was the program com- mittee chair of the conference.
Chairman of the SEKE'99 program committee: Dr. Günther Ruhe, Deputy Director of Fraunhofer IESE
14 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
CONQUEST’99 SEC Project
1999 was the third time that the ASQF Finally, the growing cooperation with e.V. (Working Group on Software our sister organization FC-MD in the Quality, a non-profit organization of USA resulted in the official signing of software professionals) had invited the SEC project - a consortium consist- software professionals to the Interna- ing of internationally operating compa- tional Conference on Quality Engineer- nies such as ABB, DaimlerChrysler, ing in Software Technology at the Motorola, and Nokia. Fachhochschule Nuremberg. More than 200 participants listened to lectures in More than 200 participants joined The objective of this consortium is the the areas of process models, software CONQUEST '99 in Nuremberg exchange of experiences regarding process improvement, and metrics. process improvement and competence Fraunhofer IESE and STI e.V. participat- building in the software business of ed both as sponsors and as exhibitors • Software Productivity Consortium these companies. Through periodic at the conference. NFP, Herndon, USA, David Card; workshops, bilateral collaborations collaboration research program for between companies and IESE/FC-MD, advancing the state of the art and and build-up of expert networks, these practice of object-oriented measure- companies expect a significant speed- ment up of their company-specific improve- ment activities - without compromising • BOOTSTRAP Institute, Oulunsalo, their product-related confidentiality Finland, Peter Bölter; requirements. cooperation in the area of software process assessment and improve- IESE/FC-MD organize the consortium, ment moderate the workshops, and provide software engineering know-how. Invitation to get in contact with Fraunhofer IESE: • Carleton University, Department of Through the involvement of IESE and booth at CONQUEST'99 Systems and Computer Engineering/ FC-MD, we can support these interna- Ottawa, Canada, Prof. Lionel Briand; tionally operating companies globally, Initiatives included the extension of our scientific collaboration in the field of but react to culturally different needs external network of international software quality and cost engineer- locally. research and technology partners. In ing addition to already existing partners, new collaborations were established • National Research Council of with: Canada, Institute for Information Technology, Ottawa, Canada, Dr. Khaled El Emam; scientific collaboration in the field of software inspection, measurement, evaluation of object-oriented technologies and experimentation
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 15 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
Software Competence Management Software Project Management Business Areas Software Process and Product Assessment: Project Management by Data: Fraunhofer IESE’s mission is to promote We perform efficient, reliable, and We help you implement lean practices experimental software engineering - reproducible assessments of your for planning, tracking, and predicting the best approach for introducing practices and products and help you cost and quality, integrating goal- engineering style rigor into business implement an action plan that meets oriented measurement, assessment, practice. This approach provides your actual business goals. We help you and benchmarking. customers with measurable facts about detect vulnerabilities that may become their development practices and targets of deliberate as well as acciden- Contact: Dr. Rini van Solingen enables informed decision making. tal threats, define security goals for Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 251 Measurable facts, analysis, and continu- your organization, and determine Email: [email protected] ous feedback of findings are the engine action plans for achieving and sustain- for goal-oriented continuous improve- ing them. ment and risk-controlled innovation. Contact: Dr. Rini van Solingen We have structured our offers into Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 251 three clusters comprised of eight Email: [email protected] business areas: Accelerated Corporate-wide Learning: Software Development We help you to continuously identify and capture valuable information from Predictable and Certifiable Software processes, products, and people, to Development: assess, manage, and maintain knowl- We help you select, tailor, and continu- edge, and to supply it to your entire ously improve the software develop- organization. When your market ment practices best suited to your demands a technological quantum organization’s needs. leap, we help you assess associated risks, evaluate alternatives, and make a Contact: Dr. Barbara Paech smooth transition. Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 211 Email: [email protected] Contact: Dr. Frank Bomarius Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 121 Comprehensive Software Reuse: Email: [email protected] Our experts in re-engineering and product line development show you the Education & Training for Software most economical way of carrying your Professionals: legacy systems into the future and help We help you respond to the demands you evolve existing systems into prod- of technological and organizational uct lines. evolution. Training and education programs are built to support essential Contact: Dr. Peter Knauber core competencies and products of the Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 251 institute. A system of modules is Email: [email protected] offered allowing to tailor these pro- grams to intended job profiles as well as to existing backgrounds.
Contact: Dr. Günther Ruhe Phone: +49 (0) 63 01 / 7 07 - 151 Email: [email protected]
16 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Profile of Fraunhofer IESE
Industrially-funded Collaborations Offerings Collaborations The 54 industrial collaborations with 49 Our services enable customers to The IESE conducts collaborations with companies in 1998 were extended to continuously improve their ability to technology providers, technology- 85 industrial collaborations with 60 develop software in a predictable transfer customers, and strategic companies in 1999, not including manner. In addition, we provide guid- partners. The overall goal is to identify further industrial collaborations in the ance in purchasing and applying and further develop software engineer- context of publicly-funded projects. software, ensuring that usage needs ing technology, and to transfer it into are met. industrial practice in order to increase The cooperation partners of the Fraun- our customers’ competence. hofer IESE range from very large global To developers of software, we offer: players to very small companies. They International Research can be roughly grouped into four • the evaluation of software develop- categories: ment practices In the are of international cooperation • the construction of customized in applied software engineering re- • Large national and international quality improvement systems search, the International Software companies that seek help in their • the introduction and optimization of Engineering Research Network (ISERN) mid- to long-term endeavor of engineering-based, state-of-the-art with about 20 members from research quality improvement in software software development processes and industry plays a prominent role. development. and techniques ISERN is a forum for applied software • support towards development of engineering research with members • Large national and international certifiable software from Europe, America, Asia, and companies that can afford their own • preparation for auditing or certifica- Australia. It maintains high-level con- R & D departments and that search tion tacts to leading international compa- for competent research partners. • continuing training and education nies in the embedded systems domain for software engineering profession- such as AT&T, Motorola, Nokia, Erics- • Medium-size companies that want als son, NTT, Matsushita, Hitachi, and to set up improvement programs • re-education of unemployed scien- DaimlerChrysler. but are usually under very tight tists and engineers from other budget and schedule constraints. domains for a new career in soft- Publicly-funded Collaborations ware development • Small companies that need ready- Collaborations exist with many publicly- to-use, evaluated technologies that To users of software, we offer: funded consortia aimed at either yield short-term return on invest- software engineering technology ment. • help in purchasing commercial off- advancement or dissemination of best the-shelf software practices. Publicly-funded projects can In addition to bilateral collaborations, • independent support for selecting be devoted to research and develop- IESE and FC-MD have jointly started a and evaluating subcontractors ment as well as technology transfer. multinational consortium of interna- • independent support for monitoring Often, additional bilateral industrially- tional companies - the Software Experi- software development contracts funded collaborations result from ence Center (SEC). In the SEC, member performing these projects. Public companies team up to advance their To small and medium-size enterprises project sponsors include the Govern- software engineering competencies on (SMEs), we offer: ment of the State of Rhineland-Palati- a global scale, i.e., across different sites nate, the Federal Government of and business units and in collaboration • individual assistance and products Germany, and the European Commis- with other leading companies in the tailored specifically to SME needs sion. scene as well as other application domains.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 17 18 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Structure
Fraunhofer Virtual Institute for Prof. Dr. Basili Experimental Software Engineering (FVIESE) Prof. Dr. Rombach
Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Prof. Dr. Rombach Software Engineering (IESE) Kaiserslautern Dr. Ruhe
Dept. 1 Dept. 2 Dept. 3 Dept. 4 Dept. 5 Dept. 6 Central Quality Software Quality and Systematic Continuing Services Software Product Lines Process Learning and Education and (CS) Development (SPL) Engineering Improvement Training (QSD) (QPE) (SLI) (CET) Würtz Dr. Paech Dr. Knauber Dr. van Solingen Dr. Bomarius Dr. Ruhe
Administrative Requirements Systematic Cost Experience SE Education Services Engineering Scoping and and Quality Factory and Training
Halle (in 1999) Modeling Engineering Technology Henzmann Dr. Paech Dr. Knauber Wieczorek Dr. Althoff Dr. Ruhe
Library and Software Design Software Process Management of Company-Specific Publication Architectures Engineering and Improvement and Education and Services Prof. Dr. Improvement Learning Training Göpfert Atkinson Dr. Gacek Dr. Dellen Dr. Müller Dr. Ruhe
Technical Inspections Software Quality and Process Information Training, Services and Testing Reengineering Support Environments Technology Education, and Security Consulting Center Huber N.N. Girard Dr. Rösch (in 1999) Dr. Schwarz Dr. Hörmann
Programming External Relations Services (ER) Prof. Dr. Rombach Services Marketing/ Education Consulting Software Contact Office Contact Dr. Rösch (in 1999) Public and Center for Experience FC-MD (USA); Office Relations Training SMEs Center Student Exchange University of Müller-Klink Center Projects Programs Kaiserslautern Steffens Eberle Dr. Hörmann Dr. Bomarius Namingha Jerkku
Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, Prof. Dr. Basili Maryland (FC-MD) College Park, Maryland, USA Prof. Dr. Zelkowitz
Administration Technology Applied Maryland SEC Projects Contact Office Development Research Consortium IESE (Germany) Prof. Dr. Wall Zelkowitz Prof. Dr. Basili Lear Pajerski Wall
Organigram as of 12/31/1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 19 Structure
The International Institute The Fraunhofer IESE
The International Institute for Experi- In fall of 1998, Fraunhofer IESE was Quality and Process Engineering mental Software Engineering consists reorganized reflecting the institute’s provides the methods to instrument of two partner institutions, the Fraun- growth as well as its increased custom- development processes in such a way hofer Institute for Experimental Soft- er focus. The five technical departments that relevant attributes (cost, quality) ware Engineering (IESE) in Kaiserslau- are responsible for customer projects can be measured and modeled so as to tern, Germany, and the Fraunhofer and further development of our prod- create means for managers and devel- Center for Experimental Software uct portfolio. The Central Services opers to understand, monitor, control, Engineering, Maryland (FC-MD) in department includes all administrative improve, and finally predict their College Park, MD, USA. They are both and support functions for the entire software development processes. legally independent units under Fraun- institute. Mission, vision, business hofer Gesellschaft e.V. and Fraunhofer areas, products, core competencies and Systematic Learning and Improvement USA, Inc., respectively. Together they organisation of IESE will continuously develops methods and tools to build up form the so-called Fraunhofer Virtual be improved according to Fraunhofer tailored knowledge management Institute for Experimental Software strategy process. systems for software development Engineering (FVIESE), coordinated by organizations that help capture and Prof.’s Basili and Rombach. On the Problem-oriented Research and make explicit expert experiences, previous page you find the joint organi- Transfer Departments analysis results, and other sources of gram indicating major areas of joint experiences, and packages them for emphasis. Both units have contact Five technical departments comprise reuse in other development projects. offices coordinating the daily contacts the institute’s products and competen- and exchanges across the Atlantic, cies in software engineering: Continuing Education and Training project groups cooperating on the SEC offers education and training for soft- project - a consortium project on Quality Software Development ware professionals. The goal is to process improvement with several firms provides methods for building software support life-long learning and further from both sides of the Atlantic -, in a systematic way, so that quality education close to the job for practi- project groups focusing on local requirements can be guaranteed. tioners, and to re-educate unemployed consulting business, and research and Special emphasis is on requirements scientists and engineers coming from technology development departments/ engineering, object orientation in other domains for a new career in the groups. The details of IESE and FC-MD general and UML in particular, and software business. The department are described in separate sections of testing and inspections. runs also the Competence Center for this report. Software Technology and Training Software Product Lines (KSTW) at the PRE-Park in Kaiserslau- extends the systematic development of tern. quality software development to the area of families of software systems, i.e., provides methods and tools that allow to analyze (wrt functionality as well as economy of scope), design, and implement a set of variants of software for a given application domain.
20 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Advisory Board
Research Industry Government
Prof. Dr. Victor Basili Prof. Dr. Ernst Denert Brigitte Klempt Institute for Advanced Computer Chairman of the Advisory Board Director, Department of Research and Science Speaker of the Management Technology Transfer Department of Computer Science sd&m GmbH & Co.KG Ministry of Education, Science and University of Maryland software design & management AG Continuing Education of the State of USA also: Vice-President of GI - German Rhineland-Palatinate Also: Executive Director, Fraunhofer Computer Society Center - Maryland (FC-MD) Dr. Ulrich Müller Dietmar Freigang Director, Department of Research, Prof. Dr. Manfred Broy Director, Information Systems Technology, and Media Institute for Computer Science Allianz-Lebensversicherung AG Ministry of Economic Affairs, Transpor- Technical University of Munich tation, Agriculture and Viniculture of Günther Plapp the State of Rhineland-Palatinate Prof. Dr. Jürgen Nehmer Technical Director Vice-Chairman of the Advisory Board Robert Bosch GmbH Dr. Bernd Reuse Department of Computer Science K1 Director, Division on Promotion of University of Kaiserslautern Information Processing Also: Member of the German Science Monika Gonauser Federal Ministry of Education, Research, Council (Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat) Department Head Science and Technology (BMBF) Siemens AG Prof. Dr. Günter Warnecke ZFE ST ACS President, University of Kaiserslautern Wolfgang Jung Head of Development Center T-Nova Deutsche Telekom Innovations- gesellschaft mbH Entwicklungszentrum Süd-West
Franz Mayer Chairman of the Board of Directors Markant-Südwest AG
Dr. Michael Strugala Vice President Development Private Networks Bosch Telecom GmbH Dept. UC-PN/EL
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 21 The Institute in Numbers
Business Budget Income kDM % Industrially-funded projects 5.189 47,1 Publicly-funded projects 1.482 13,5 Other Income 38 0,3 Base Funding (State of Rhineland-Palatinate) 3.499 31,8 Fraunhofer Funds (PROFIL, OEF, SEF) 800 7,3 Sum 11.008 100,0
Expenses kDM % Personnel 7.909 71,8 Miscellaneous 3.099 28,2 Sum 11.008 100,0
Investments
Income kDM % Publicly-funded projects 455 33,9 Public Grant (State of Rhineland-Palatinate) 887 66,1 Sum 1.342 100,0
Expenses kDM % 1.342 100,0
Personnel
The growth of Fraunhofer IESE in terms Personnel as of 12/31/99 of staff was continued throughout 1999. By the end of 1999, the IESE Number employed 76 full- Scientists 51 time employees, 4 guest scientists, 35 Infrastructure 25 students, and 5 apprentices and Apprentices and trainees 5 trainees. Since at any point in time, Guest Scientists 4 approximately 20% staff comes from Students and other employees 35 abroad, the institute maintains a Sum 120 unique international flavor. The plan is to grow to about 120 full-time employ- ees by the end of the year 2000.
22 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 The Institute in Numbers
Development Public Projects Development of Budget (Mio DM) Industrial Projects Base Funding 11
9.39 21%
7.10 26%
12% 26% 47% 3.84 41%
22% 36% 48% 47% 32% 42%
1996 1997 1998 1999
Operating Costs Development of Costs (Mio DM) Personnel Costs 11
9.39 28% 7.10 32%
3.84 29%
30% 68% 72% 71% 70%
1996 1997 1998 1999
Infrastructure Development of IESE Staff Guest Scientists 120 Scientists Students and other employees 98 25 Apprentices and trainees 81 5 17 4 2 67 14 11 3 51 3 39 48 30
35 23 25 31
19961997 1998 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 23 Competence Areas and Projects
Overview
Quality Software Development 26
Evaluation of Software Requirements Documents at DaimlerChrysler 28 The Characterization of Technical Reviews at Lucent/PRC-ON 29 Component Based Application Development - KobrA 30
Software Product Lines 34
PuLSE- Product Line Software Engineering 36 Project Engineering Software Architectures, Processes and Platforms for System Families (ESAPS) 37 RE-PLACE - Reengineering-Enabled Product Line Architecture Creation and Evolution 38 The RAMSIS Project - Applying RE-PLACE to an Industrial System 39
Quality and Process Engineering 42
Fraunhofer IESE Assessment Method (FAME) 44 Web-based Process Guidance 45 Development of a Procurement Questionnaire for Software Project Cost Analysis 46 Definition and Validation of a COTS Acquisition Process (CAP) 47
Systematic Learning and Improvement 50
The Software Experience Center (SEC) 52 Intelligent Process and Quality Management (IQPM) 53 Information Technology Security Management 54 Stategic Improvement Programs 56
Continuing Education and Training 60
The Competence Center for Software Technology and Training 62
24 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 25 Quality Software Development
The department is organized around Software Design Quality is a critical property of a soft- the following groups: ware system. The perceived quality of a The process of software design trans- system depends on the precise nature Requirements Engineering lates the requirements into an executa- of the application domain. In the case ble form that effectively meets the of safety critical systems, for example, A requirements specification is the needs and quality goals of the custom- reliability and robustness are crucial starting point for any large-scale er. The software design group focuses aspects of quality, while in the case of a software development project. Without on the use of key implementation desktop development tool, responsive- a good specification it is extremely technologies for creating designs that ness and extensibility are more likely to difficult, if not impossible, to develop represent the optimal balance between be of concern. The Quality Software quality software. Precise functional and the system requirements (including Development (QSD) department nonfunctional requirements agreed on quality goals) and the constraints of the develops and validates methods and by all stakeholders must be captured available or chosen implementation tools for the cost-effective construction and tracked during software develop- technologies. of quality software systems. ment. This can only be achieved in an incremental process with early quality Key technologies supported and A common misconception is that assurance and feedback treating investigated by the group include quality can be “tested into” a software requirements as the outstanding source object-oriented languages (particularly system after the bulk of the develop- of knowledge on system goals and Java and C++), patterns, including ment work has been completed. In usage. architectural patterns and design practice, however, defects detected late patterns, and component technology in the development life-cycle require a The group is developing RE-KIT, a (esp. CORBA, COM, and JavaBeans). significant redevelopment effort. Only portfolio of methods for capturing, through continuous and systematic validating and managing customer and One major emphasis of the group is on application of appropriate engineering software requirements with emphasis the synergistic interaction of these and design techniques at all stages in on participatory design, modeling, techniques to support the seamless the development cycle can quality goals knowledge management and their mapping of requirements into imple- be attained cost-effectively. integration into incremental software mentation features. To this end, the development. RE-KIT is tailored to group is leading the development of The QSD department provides a portfo- specific application domains like the KobrA method, which aims to lio of synergistic software engineering information or embedded systems, and support systematic object-oriented techniques that individually, or togeth- evaluated in experiments. Examples development using the principles of the er, can help significantly improve quality include RE-KIT-MAMBO, a method for Cleanroom approach, and the SORT software development in a cost- surfacing ambiguities in requirements technique, which enforces clean effective way. One unifying focus of the documents and RE-KIT-MUC, a method separation of refinement and transla- department is object technology, for developing and managing use tion activities through the provision of including the Unified Modeling Lan- cases. refinement and translation patterns. guage, scenarios, use cases, design rationale, patterns, components, and object-oriented inspections.
26 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Quality Software Development
Inspections and Testing The power of testing is that it is not only capable of uncovering defects in As a human intensive activity, software executable software artifacts, but it is development is inherently error prone. also effective in demonstrating that the To attain adequate quality, therefore, artifacts have reached a certain re- techniques are needed to identify and quired level of quality. Particular foci of remove defects in software systems. the group with respect to testing This group focuses on two complemen- include the testing of object-oriented tary defect reduction techniques: artifacts. inspection and testing, which have been shown experimentally to comple- Contact ment each other. Inspections involve Dr. Barbara Paech the static examination of software Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 211 artifacts, while testing involves their Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 dynamic execution under controlled Email: [email protected] conditions.
Inspections are particularly effective because they make it possible to identify and remove defects early in the development process before they have caused much damage. They are conse- quently applicable in all stages of development, including requirements analysis and design. The group focuses on one particularly powerful form of inspections, perspective-based inspec- tion, based on the concepts of perspec- tive-based reading.
Requirements Engineering Software Design Inspections and Testing
Dr. Barbara Paech Erik Kamsties Prof. Dr. Colin Christian Bunse Oliver Laitenberger Kirstin Kohler Andrea Coffey Department Head Atkinson (Secretary)
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 27 Quality Software Development
Approach
The Fraunhofer Requirements Assess- Partner ment and Improvement Method RE-KIT- DaimlerChrysler Research FRAIME was tailored to the specific Dept. FT3-SP context, taking into account that no D-89013 Ulm interaction with the authors of the requirements documents was possible. Contact That meant that quality goals for the Dr. habil Barbara Paech documents were derived based on Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 211 general experiences with procurement Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 situations. Email: [email protected]
Following the GQM approach, these goals were broken down into specific measurements, and suitable evaluation techniques were determined. These included check lists, traceability analy- sis, and modeling. The chosen tech- niques, in particular, reflected the time constraints. The documents were Evaluation of Software carefully inspected according to the Requirements Documents at techniques. The results were docu- DaimlerChrysler mented in a detailed report.
The precise description of requirements Results is one of the key factors for successful software development. This is particu- Short-term improvements focus on the larly true in an outsourcing context readability of the documents and the where procurer and supplier need to support for acceptance test. Long term gain a common understanding of the improvements involve the company- system to be built. wide requirements specification stand- As a response to this situation, Daimler- ard and its tailoring to specific project Chrysler requirements documents that contexts and requirements types. are part of a contract are subject to a thorough review by project independ- The experiences with the GQM-based ent verification and validation. Severe derivation of quality goals and evalua- time constraints for this review induce tion techniques show that it reflects the the need for the optimization of time constraints on the process particu- documents and process. larly well. The improvement sugges- tions are the basis for further actions at Objective DaimlerChrysler.
The purpose of the study requested by DaimlerChrysler was to get external advice on short-term improvements of a given requirements document, on long-term improvements of similar requirements documents, and on improving the review process itself.
28 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Approach The Characterization of Technical Reviews at Lucent/PRC-ON The activities of this collaboration included the participation of Fraunhofer Technical reviews (or inspections) IESE in review meetings, the interview provide a proven approach for the of review participants, and the analysis detection and correction of defects in of collected review data. The participa- artifacts as soon as these artifacts are tion in review meetings allowed the created. They not only help improve examination and characterization of the artifact quality but also help develop- review process as currently performed ment organizations reduce the cost of at Lucent/PRC-ON. Notes were taken producing them. This stems from the on the best practices exhibited in those fact that reviews allow the identifica- meetings to make them accessible to a Partner tion of defects at a stage where they broader audience. The interviews Lucent Technologies Networks Systems are easier and relatively inexpensive to examined the work practices of engi- GmbH correct, thereby enabling the develop- neers engaged in technical reviews and Thurn-und-Taxis-Strasse 10 ment project to avoid additional rework helped elicit their experiences. To 90411 Nürnberg penalties associated with defect detec- ensure comparability of the answers, a tion at later test and integration stages. standardized questionnaire was devel- Contact oped and used to conduct the inter- Oliver Laitenberger Objectives views. Finally, the review data analysis Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 223 effort provided some insights into the Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 At Lucent’s Product Realization Center effectiveness of the review approach. Email: [email protected] for Optical Networking (Lucent/PRC- Moreover, it allowed the identification ON) in Nürnberg, Germany, reviews are of factors that determine review an essential element of the standard success. development process. Today, reviews at Lucent/PRC-ON usually consume Results between 12% and 18% of the system and software development effort. Together, the results of the various These costs include quality assurance activities provided an accurate portrait (i.e., milestone) reviews as well as of the technical review activities at technical reviews of documents, Lucent/PRC-ON. This built a solid software sources, and other artifacts of foundation for recommendations and the development process. This invest- suggestions on how to improve the ment provides the motivation for review approach to increase its cost- constantly monitoring and improving effectiveness. In addition, the review the existing review implementation. data analysis effort resulted in planning For this, a collaboration between aids for managers to estimate future Lucent/PRC-ON and Fraunhofer IESE review expenditures and in a procedure was initiated to characterize the for quality assurance representatives to existing review approach and to identi- perform an in-process evaluation of fy areas where changes in the review reviews. The next steps of this project procedure are likely to result in an consist of implementing the improve- improvement. ment suggestions and monitoring their impact on the cost-effectiveness of reviews.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 29 Component Based Application Development - KobrA (Komponentenbasierte Anwendung- sentwicklung)
Component technologies are forecast to have a dramatic impact on the amount of reuse occurring in software development and maintenance. The Gartner Group, for example, estimate that “... by 2003, 70% of new applica- tions will be deployed as a combination of pre-assembled and newly created components integrated to form com- plex business-systems”. Expected benefits of this new approach to software development include reduced The KobrA project is tackling this First, the approach is “technology time-to-market, reduced development problem by developing a method and independent” in the sense that it can and maintenance costs, and improved supporting workbench for component- be used with all three major compo- quality. However, industrial adoption of based software development and nent implementation technologies the component paradigm is failing to maintenance. With an optimal balance (CORBA, JavaBeans and COM). This has materialize as fast as expected due to of industry partners (Softlab and been achieved by capturing the essen- the lack of systematic, prescriptive PSIPENTA) and research institutes (IESE tial architecture and behavior of a methods for developing, applying and and GMD-FIRST), the BMBF-funded community of components in terms of reusing components. project is focused on providing an UML models rather than code in a innovative, but practical, solution for particular component technology. component-based software engineer- Figure 1 shows, in general terms, how ing. Several key characteristics distin- a component is documented by a suite guish the KobrA approach. of UML diagrams.
Decision Model Specification Models (textual)
Behaviour Model (UML statechart diagram) Functional Model (operation schemata) Structural Model (UML class/object diagram)
Interaction Model (UML collaboration diagrams) Component
Structural Model (UML class/object diagram) Figure 1: Execution Model UML-based (UML activity diagrams) Component Documentation Decision Model (textual) Realization Models
30 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Quality Software Development
The use of the UML has the additional benefit that it enables the supporting KobrA workbench (Figure 2) to be Application independent of specific CASE tools. By Configuration storing and manipulating a vendor- & Integration independent representation of the UML Retrieval models (based on the universal Internet Adaption data representation standard XML) the workbench repository is able to interact Framework Workbench Repository with any of the leading UML-based CASE tools. Development
Analysis Storage
Modelling Application Domain
Figure 2: The KobrA Workbench
Component
Second, the KobrA method is truly architecture-centric and product driven. In the context of a component-based system, where the architecture is dominated by the composition hierar- Component chy, this means that the development process is oriented towards the elabo- ration of trees of nested components. From a top-down perspective this gives rise to a method that is recursive (i.e., hierarchical), as illustrated in Figure 3. Subcomponent However, the method is not exclusively top-town. On the contrary, at any stage in the development process, pre- Subcomponent existing components can be inserted Figure 4: into the component tree (see Figure 4), Bottom up Insertion providing a balancing bottom-up style of Pre-existing Components of development.
Subcomponent
Figure 3: Recursive Development Process
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 31 Quality Software Development
Third, the KobrA approach has built-in tion activities are based on the SORT support for product lines. As shown in approach, and the quality modeling Figure 1 (see page 30), included among and inspection activities have been the documentation suite for a compo- evolved from the COBRA and PBR nent are decision models. These are approaches, respectively. The KobrA textual models that control the instanti- method itself has been systematically ation of a generic component accord- developed and documented using the ing to the possible resolutions of the SPEARMINTTM and EPG approach. variability that exists in a family of related systems. A particular variant is The benefit to IESE customers is an thus identified by a concrete resolution integrated method providing seamless of the decisions at a particular level of access to several core IESE competen- abstraction. When the decision models cies. When combined with the KobrA are combined in a hierarchic manner workbench, the result is a highly with the component tree, the result is a systematic, product-line-oriented generic framework. approach for the development and maintenance of quality, component- Finally, KobrA places a major emphasis based systems. on quality assurance. In a tree-based product model such as that adopted in 1999 marked the end of the first of KobrA, errors near the top of the tree three phases of the project scheduled can have a major impact on the lower to last for three years in total. The main parts of the tree. Therefore, it is impor- result of this phase was the consolida- tant to gain as much confidence as tion and publication of the KobrA possible that the components near the Method Handbook. Planned activities top of the tree are correct before for the second phase include dissemi- proceeding to those lower down. In nation, refinement and elaboration of KobrA this is achieved through inte- the KobrA workbench, and generation grated quality modeling and inspection of a case study. activities. Partners The KobrA project has provided a Softlab GmbH, München unique opportunity for IESE to synthe- Psipenta Software Systems GmbH, size several of its major development Berlin competencies. In particular, the UML GMD-FIRST, Berlin modeling strategy and hierarchical component architecture have been influenced by the SOUND approach, Contact the product line aspects are based on Prof. Dr. Colin Atkinson the PuLSE technology, the requirements Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 211 engineering activities have been Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 influenced by RE-KIT, the implementa- Email: [email protected]
32 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 33 Software Product Lines
Systematic Scoping and Modeling The Software Product Lines (SPL) department provides products and The Systematic Scoping and Modeling services to guide organizations away group (SSM) focuses on the develop- from one-at-a-time system develop- ment of methods for determining the ment to systematic development with appropriate scope for a product line large-scale reuse using product lines. and for creating, instantiating, and One-at-a-time development leads to evolving product line models. unnecessary duplication of effort and risky ad hoc reuse when an organiza- The scope of a product line determines tion produces numerous related sys- which products and which characteris- tems. tics of the products are to be included in the product line and therefore in the A product line is a collection of soft- reuse infrastructure built for the prod- ware systems in a business area sharing uct line. common functionality. Product line The SPL department consists of three engineering focuses on leveraging groups: The SSM group focuses on economic these commonalities by building a scoping processes to overcome weak- reuse infrastructure that is used to The Systematic Scoping and Modeling nesses of existing scoping techniques, efficiently and systematically develop (SSM) and the Software Architecture which focus mostly on the technical members of the product line. (ARC) groups focus on the definition boundaries of a domain. Economic and construction of software product scoping relates the business objectives An additional technology area of lines. of an enterprise to the products and significant importance to product line their characteristics. engineering is reengineering. In most The Software Reengineering group cases, when an organization converts (REE) focuses on support technology for A product line model captures the to product lines they have existing product line engineering in the area of requirements for all products and systems with valuable knowledge and reengineering the knowledge embed- characteristics in the product line reusable assets embedded within them. ded in existing systems. scope. Modelled are both common and variable requirements. Common Through product line engineering, requirements are shared by all members organizations can reduce their develop- of the product line, while variable ment effort, shorten the time to market requirements denote the differences for new products, facilitate the mainte- among product line members. nance and evolution of products, as well as support the planning and management of product development and maintenance. Additionally, the quality of products can be improved through the reuse of proven high quality assets. These benefits help organizations keep a competitive edge in their markets. Systematic Scoping and Modeling
Dr. Peter Knauber Dirk Muthig Klaus Schmid Tanya Widen Department Head
34 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Software Product Lines
Our experience has shown that existing Because of their genericity, the creation In addition, architectural and domain- domain analysis methods are not and validation of reference architec- specific information can be combined sufficiently adaptable to the situations tures is inherently more complex than with other reengineering technologies in which they are used. Therefore, the that of single-system architectures. The to extract valuable assets that can be SSM group aims to provide systematic complexity is further intensified by the reused in the development of new support for customizing the domain need to be able to derive instance- variants within the same product line - modeling process and models. Our specific architectures from a generic resulting in significant cost reductions. solutions cover the complete life-cycle one in order to actually build individual of the product line model, which applications. The ARC group provides In the more traditional field of reengi- includes creation, instantiation, and customers with state-of-the-art engi- neering, architectural and domain- evolution. neering methods to cope with this specific information can provide a complexity and thus to build the better visibility and control over a Software Architectures groundwork for successful product successful single system, suffering from lines. a growth in maintenance and evolution The Software Architectures group costs. (ARC) focuses on the development of Software Reengineering methods for creating, evaluating, and Recovering a complete architectural instantiating reference software archi- The Software Reengineering group and domain view of a system is not tectures. (REE) focuses on supporting product economically realistic. We use the line concepts through exploiting the business-driven evolution goals provid- A reference software architecture experience embodied in existing ed by the customer to select what represents a generic architecture for all systems. For this purpose, the group is information is actually needed. This products in a product line and is developing technologies to recover leads to cost-effective results for our engineered around the products’ architectural and domain-specific customers. commonalities and variabilities. In information about existing systems. contrast to a single-system architecture, Contact a reference architecture includes not When these technologies are applied to Dr. Peter Knauber only common but also variable parts. multiple systems from the same do- Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 Reference architectures are the key to main, they enable the identification of Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 successful software product lines: they the similarities and variations among Email: [email protected] define the essential parts of the reuse these systems - a key aspect of product infrastructure and thus ensure that line modeling. reused common components and instance-specific components fit together for all members of the prod- uct line.
Software Architectures Software Reengineering
Dr. Cristina Gacek Michalis Joachim Bayer Oliver Flege Roland Laqua Jean-François Martin Würthner Ulla Geib Anastasopoulus Girard Secretary
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 35 Software Product Lines
• PuLSE-CDA is used to elicit the requirements for the domain through creation of a product line model.
• PuLSE-DSSA is concerned with the development of a domain-specific architecture.
• PuLSE-I aims at specifying, con- structing, and validating single members of the product line.
• PuLSE-EM guides and supports the application of PuLSETM throughout The PuLSETM method can be character- the product line life cycle. PuLSE- Product Line Software ized as follows: Engineering The technical components are modular • PuLSETM provides a complete frame- and can be applied independently, or work that covers the whole soft- The PuLSE approach for product line together as the complete PuLSE proc- ware product line development life engineering enables organizations to ess. Additionally, because of the com- cycle, including infrastructure achieve systematic development with ponents’ modularity, PuLSETM can be construction, usage, and evolution. large scale reuse. applied incrementally, component by • PuLSETM is modular and customiza- component, which enables organiza- A product line is a collection of soft- ble: It consists of a number of tions to evaluate produce line engineer- ware systems in a business area sharing technical components (see below) ing without full commitment to adopt common functionality. Product line that can be selected and instantiat- it. engineering focuses on leveraging ed in order to satisfy the needs of these commonalities by building a specific enterprises best. Contact reuse infrastructure that is used to Dr. Peter Knauber TM efficiently and systematically develop • PuLSE is business oriented. The Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 members of the product line. scope of the product line is centered Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 around business needs, not just the Email: [email protected] Product line engineering provides many technical or academic boundaries of benefits over one-at-a-time system the domain. development including reduced devel- opment effort, shorter time-to-market, PuLSETM contains six technical compo- reduced maintenance effort, as well as nents that provide the technical know- better planning and management for how needed to operationalize the product development and mainte- product line development. These are nance. Additionally, the quality of applied throughout the stages of the products can be improved through the product line life cycle. The technical reuse of proven high quality assets. components are the following:
• PuLSE-BC is used to baseline the enterprise and customize PuLSETM accordingly.
• PuLSE-Eco aims at identifying, describing, and bounding a product line by determining its members and their characteristics.
36 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Software Product Lines
Approach There will be individual deliverables by Project Engineering Software partner, as well as three books describ- Architectures, Processes and IESE’s goals in ESAPS are to evolve parts ing a combined consortium method. Platforms for System Families of the existing PuLSETM (Product Line (ESAPS) Software Engineering) technology. The Partners main focus is on PuLSE-Eco and PuLSE- Software system families are strategic DSSA, the technical components for ESAPS is a large European research business assets. The structuring of dealing with product line scoping and project carrying the ITEA label (Eureka systems into system families allows the product line architecting, respectively. Σ 2023 Program, ITEA project 99005). sharing of development effort within It involves 21 partners, including several the system family and as such counters PuLSE-Eco is being evolved to include universities, some research institutes, a the impact of ever-growing system more GQM (Goal/Question/Metric) couple of small and medium enterpris- complexity. By building on the combi- aspects improving its information es, and several large companies. It nation of experience of the consortium elicitation process, as well as a more provides an excellent and unique partners, the ESAPS project is in the sound foundation for its evaluation opportunity for collaboration with unique position to make a leap forward functions. other researchers and practitioners in in system family technology and the area. practice. PuLSE-DSSA will provide means for analyzing proposed software architec- Some of the non-German partners Objective tures for potential mismatches, as well involved are: Philips, Nokia NRC, as a sound notation for representing Thomson-CSF, the European Software ESAPS is a European research project, reference architectures. Institute (ESI), INRIA, and the University which aims to provide an enhanced of Karlskrona/Ronneby. The German system family approach by combining The technology evolved here will be consortium consists of Siemens, Bosch, the most promising technologies of the validated with industrial partners, University of Essen, Market Maker, and partner companies in the following incorporated in the existing PuLSE Fraunhofer IESE. In Germany, the areas: analysis, definition, and evolution method, and disseminated accordingly. partners are partially funded by the of system families. The project started Ministry of Education and Research in June 1999, and will run for two Results (BMBF). years. The ESAPS results will be five-fold: Contact Dr. Cristina Gacek 1. Enhanced system family engineering Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 224 processes covering the complete Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 product line life cycle Email: [email protected]
2. Enhanced system-family engineering techniques and tools
3. Enhanced component-based do- main-specific platforms for system families
4. Requirements for engineering tool suppliers to adapt their tools to comply with system family engineer- ing needs (resulting from 1 and 2)
5. Requirements for generic and domain-specific middleware suppli- ers (resulting from 3)
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 37 Software Product Lines
The RE-PLACE approach allows organi- Benefits zations to transition an existing system to a product line. The investments that On top of the benefits associated with were made to build the system are the improved maintenance and evolu- leveraged by reusing key components tion support of the resulting product of the current system in the product line, there are additional benefits of line. using the RE-PLACE approach as opposed to a complete redevelopment. Approach The effort for rewriting the reused components is saved and the time-to- To achieve this goal, RE-PLACE inte- market for the resulting system is grates product line engineering and reduced. Furthermore, the risks associ- reengineering activities. The RE-PLACE ated with redeveloping possibly com- framework in the figure below illus- plex components can be avoided. trates the basic concepts of the ap- proach. The activities on both sides are Application of RE-PLACE coordinated using a blackboard, a shared workspace, in which common The RE-PLACE approach has been work products are evolved. This enables applied in an industrial project with RE-PLACE - Reengineering-Enabled the exploitation of synergy effects. Tecmath GmbH & Co. KG. Product Line Architecture Creation and Evolution Contact Jean-François Girard Successful software products are often Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 adapted for purposes that become Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 increasingly different from the prod- Email: [email protected] ucts’ original purposes. Managing the maintenance and evolution of multiple Reengineering Activities system variants can quickly become a Repackaging resource-intensive and error-prone task. Reengineering and Integration Existing Assets Strategy The IESE solution is to replace the affected software system by a product line that helps manage various products based on a common core. However, Coordination Modeling Reengineering Product Line Transition creating the product line from scratch is Workspace Products Assets Architecture Plan often not an option because of the Accumulated Knowledge investments embodied in the existing Blackboard systems. In particular, many systems contain expert knowledge or knowl- edge about business processes that Product Line Product Line Product Line Modeling Model Architecture Design would be lost if such a system was replaced completely. Product Line Engineering Activities
Target Work Legend Activity Work Product Product
The RE-PLACE Framework
38 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Software Product Lines
Objectives The RAMSIS Project – Applying RE-PLACE to an Industrial System The purpose of the RAMSIS kernel redesign project was to replace the RAMSIS is a world-leading human monolithic, FORTRAN-based RAMSIS modeling system developed by Tecmath kernel with an extensible, object- GmbH & Co. KG. It provides a model of oriented kernel implemented in C++ the human body and is able to perform while maximizing reuse of existing various analyses on postures and assets in order to preserve the knowl- comfort feeling. In the past, the RAM- edge embedded in the existing system SIS system has been primarily used for and reduce the risk of the redevelop- ergonomic analysis by the automotive ment. Due to its extensible and adapta- industry, both as a stand-alone tool and ble architecture, this new kernel can • Identification integrated into various computer-aided then serve as a basis for a family of The features of the current RAMSIS design systems. Now, Tecmath plans to products that have a shorter time-to- system were analyzed. The members use it in very different application market, a higher flexibility, and a better of the future RAMSIS product line contexts, for example, body measuring maintainability. and their required features were for the production of tailor-made identified. At the same time, the clothes. Approach existing RAMSIS system was ana- lyzed in order to find reusable The current structure of the RAMSIS The approach used in the project is an components. system, however, makes it difficult to instantiation of the RE-PLACE frame- adapt the system to these new con- work, which integrates product line • Modeling texts. As the initial design of the system engineering and reengineering activi- A model of the future RAMSIS kernel dates back to the 1980s, it has ties. The product line engineering product line was produced. Further- evolved over a long period of time, activities were based on the PuLSE™ more, an optimized wrapping leading to a complex system archi- method. mechanism for integrating reused tecture and many dependencies that FORTRAN components into the new are not fully documented. These issues The enactment of the approach C++ kernel was created. impede the further development of the consisted of the following three main kernel to address new markets and phases: • Building create maintenance problems. In this phase, the reference architec- The option of completely rewriting the ture of the future RAMSIS kernel kernel was considered but rejected by was designed. The wrapping Tecmath due to the effort and risk scheme was complemented by an involved in redeveloping the kernel’s integration strategy describing how complex mathematical functionality. to transform the reusable compo- nents in order to integrate them into the resulting kernel using the wrapping scheme. Finally, the overall transition of the system was described in a transition plan.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 39 Software Product Lines
Results Partners
The RAMSIS kernel redesign project Tecmath GmbH & Co. KG was completed in mid-1999. Its main results are: Contact
• A product line model describing the Jean-François Girard RAMSIS product line Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 • A flexible reference architecture for Email: [email protected] the new RAMSIS kernel
• A list of reusable components from the current RAMSIS kernel
• A mechanism (”wrapping scheme”) to integrate the reused components in the new object-oriented RAMSIS kernel
• An integration strategy describing the transformations to be made to the reusable components
• A transition plan describing the necessary steps to make the transi- tion from the existing system to the product line
These results allow the customer to transition the current RAMSIS system to a product line setup based on the new kernel. Effort estimates indicate that the overall effort for this transition is about 40% less than that for rewriting the RAMSIS kernel.
40 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 41 Quality and Process Engineering
Once a picture of the company’s The Quality and Process Engineering software development has been (QPE) department provides comprehen- established, systematic improvement sive support for customers interested in programs can be set up. The group improving their software development helps companies in this task by devel- and maintenance processes and related oping goal-oriented measurement products. Our main objective is to programs. They allow for getting increase productivity, reduce time-to- feedback on the effect of improvement market and improve the quality of efforts. software products. The QPE depart- ment provides a range of services, Cost and Quality Engineering including Process Engineering and The Cost and Quality Engineering • elicitation and assessment of the Improvement Group (CQE) focuses on ways to build current processes quantitative models aimed at the The aim of the Process Engineering and monitoring, evaluation, and prediction • support for goal-oriented process Improvement group (PEI) is to establish of software attributes such as produc- improvement and process guidance process technology in companies as tivity, maintainability, reliability, and well as to support companies in intro- related software risks. This implies the • goal-oriented measurement pro- ducing techniques to estimate the use of measurement, statistical model- grams to support systematic im- success of process improvement efforts. ling, and many other experimental provement techniques. The prerequisite for a successful im- • quantitative models for software provement program is to have a profile This group helps customers identify processes and products to support of the strengths and weaknesses of important cost and risk factors in their and improve software development the software processes. To achieve this development environment. Based on and maintenance task, the group develops and conducts such analyses, it helps them build cost innovative process assessment tech- and risk models in order to help deci- • integrated tool support for process niques based on SPICE and BOOT- sion making during project bidding and modeling and guidance as well as STRAP. The group also supports compa- planning. for measurements nies in eliciting explicit models of their software processes and in establishing The QPE group also provides guidance Solutions are driven by industrial needs process standards and process guid- in efficient and effective decision and methods and technologies are ance. making, combining goal-oriented tailored to specific customer needs. measurement with rigorous mathemati- cal decision modelling. This covers a The QPE department is composed of wide field of applications, such as the following three groups. make-or-buy decision of commercial of the shelf (COTS) components.
Department Head Cost and Quality Engineering Process Engineering and Improvement
Prof. Dr. Markku Dr. Rini van Solingen Isabella Wieczorek Bernd Freimut Michael Ochs Dietmar Pfahl Jürgen Wüst Dr. Martin Verlage Dr. Barbara Dellen Oivo (in 1999) (since 2000) (left end of 1999)
42 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Quality and Process Engineering
Additionally, QPE applies a variety of and communicating process models, Smarties project is to provide a refer- techniques that help to appropriately supporting measurement planning by ence model against which to set up plan, control, and evaluate inspection defining process models, or assisting toolsets for measurement programs. and testing activities. The derived process assessment by providing The reference model includes require- models enable our customers to, for reusable process templates. SPEAR- ments, processes, and concrete inter- example, predict the error proneness of MINTTM provides a multi-view, graphical faces. Smarties supports a defined software components, estimate how tool for capturing large, complex method based on the principle of goal- many defects remain in a document software development processes, and oriented measurement (GQM). The after inspection, or evaluate the cost- an associated method. SPEARMINTTM method includes operational guidelines effectiveness of inspections. captures process models from a variety and well-defined structures for meas- of different, role-specific perspectives, urement documents. Smarties provides CQE can address a wide range of providing the ability to display process an integrated framework for tools problems through efficient, rigorous, information using a range of different including measurement planning tools, and integrated quantitative techniques. notations. The tool also provides interactive data collection and presen- analysis and reporting functions to tation tools, and data analysis tools. Quality and Process Support query and report on the process model. Environments The picture on this page shows a Contact screenshot of the SPEARMINTTM main Dr. Rini van Solingen The goal of the Quality and Process window. Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 Support Environments (QPS) group is to Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 provide integrated tool support for Smarties (Systematic Measurement Email: [email protected] quality and process management in Toolset for Improving and Engineering software projects. The group addresses Software Development): The aim of the all tool-related aspects that are relevant for the systematic performance of software projects. In particular, QPS focusses on integrated tools for process modeling, process guidance, measure- ment planning, data collection, and easy to use data analysis. These differ- ent tools are covered by two internal research projects:
SPEARMINTTM (Software Process Elicita- tion, Analysis, Review and Measure- ment in an INTegrated Modeling Environment): The SPEARMINTTM tool provides the basis for a variety of Screenshot of the process related activities like assisting SPEARMINTTM process understanding by documenting main window
Quality and Process Support Environments
Ulrike Becker- Andrew Beitz Dirk Hamann Dr. Peter Rösch Ralf Kempkens Dr. Louise Scott Jörg Zettel Ulla Geib Kornstaedt (left end of 1999) Secretary
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 43 Quality and Process Engineering
Without this flexibility, time and effort Fraunhofer IESE Assessment MEthod may be wasted by not focusing on the (FAME) relevant issues.
IT businesses today cannot survive Approach without software process improvement. An assessment is one approach to FAME is a stand-alone assessment measuring processes to identify where method that is based on well known to start the process improvement assessment methods (i.e. SPICE and initiative. Some other reasons for BOOTSTRAP), and uses the standard performing an assessment are: to use assessment model of the upcoming the results in marketing the organiza- standard for software process assess- tion, to determine the capability of a ment (ISO/IEC 15504). It contains supplier organization, to provide additional features that have been feedback on how well the organization developed through practical experienc- is performing, and to identify risks es from the worldwide SPICE trials and related to software processes within the from Fraunhofer IESE research results. organization. The SPICE trials are the most extensive joint effort of Industry, the Public Assessments provide a disciplined Sector, and Academia to collect and examination of the software processes validate process assessment knowl- • provides an approach that allows an within an organization. Assessments edge. Fraunhofer IESE has played a organization to compare its results result in a measure of which processes major role in the SPICE project and with similar businesses that is based are being performed and how well they continues to contribute to the collec- upon ISO/IEC 15504 are being performed. tion and analysis of assessment data. In addition, Fraunhofer IESE supervises the • provides a method that is applicable Objective German SPICE trial activities. for small to large organizations
Although assessments are widely used Results within industry there are critical prob- lems that still remain. FAME is an advanced assessment method that contains features that There is a strong need from industry to address the problems faced by industry make assessments more cost effective today in software process assessment. and be more tightly coupled with a Using FAME has the following benefits: process improvement program. One of the enduring challenges in software • focuses on relevant business proc- process assessments is linking the esses to guide process improvement assessment scope to an organization’s efforts business focus. Such a linkage would ensure that assessment costs will • provides a cost-efficient and reliable produce results that can contribute to method to show a better return-on- business objectives for the improve- investment for the improvement ment program. program
Another problem faced in industry is • provides a tailorable approach for that assessment methods typically offer performing assessments Contact only one type of assessment. In prac- Andrew Beitz tice, several assessment types are • focuses on the processes to improve Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 needed because no one assessment can while taking into consideration the Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 cover all different types of purposes. business needs Email: [email protected]
44 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 To increase the acceptance of process Web-based Process Guidance guides, they must be easy to use and should facilitate the daily work of the Process models play a major role in the people performing the process. software industry. They are extensively used to help obtain ISO certifications, Approach to guide process improvement pro- grams, and to introduce “best practic- Intranet and Internet technology in es” into organizations. companies has opened the door for introducing Electronic-based Process In order to make process knowledge Guides (EPGs). Unlike printed hand- available and to learn from best practic- books, electronic process guides can be es, companies develop and maintain extended to access all relevant process process handbooks. A process hand- information. Browsing and searching book is a reference document of facilities decrease access time to obtain company-specific processes that the right information. Key functionali- provides guidance to process partici- ty, like storage of process state informa- pants in carrying out their tasks. tion, online access to templates and Process handbooks are designed to manuals, and links to valuable informa- communicate process knowledge by tion on other web sites facilitates providing process definitions and people’s daily work. guidelines. The EPG uses an advanced process To maximize the use and effectiveness modeling tool, called SPEARMINTTM. of process handbooks, they must be The tool provides an easy and cost well structured, up-to date, and easily effective way for creating and main- available to all users. Only then are they taining EPGs. The easy to use graphical actually used regularly and considered interface and consistency checking to be helpful. functionality provided by the tool allow efficient entering and maintenance of The wide availability of Intranet and the process knowledge. An export Internet technology in companies has facility generates HTML-based EPGs on made Web-based process guides the demand. focal point of interest. These guides overcome the deficiencies of paper- Results based process handbooks. The EPG provides a solution for making Objective process knowledge available to users. The efficient access to the right infor- In order to disseminate process knowl- mation and the short update cycles of edge, many organizations maintain an EPG increase acceptance and use of printed process handbooks. Paper- process handbooks in companies. based process handbooks are not widely accepted by users. First, it is difficult to find information on complex process structures with many interde- pendencies in a linearly structured Contact handbook. Second, it is difficult to keep Ulrike Becker-Kornstaedt information up-to-date because of the Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 long update cycles of preparing and Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 printing new handbooks. Email: [email protected]
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 45 Quality and Process Engineering
• Develop a procedure to assess the Development of a Procurement cost and risks of incoming bids Questionnaire for Software Project based on information from the Cost Analysis procurement questionnaire and an established cost database. The estimation of cost for software projects is one of the most important Approach and most difficult management tasks. To estimate the cost of a project and its In order to determine most important related risks on a reasonable level of cost and risk factors in a specific accuracy remains a challenge for many context, one has to rely on experts in companies. A number of problems are the application domain. The experts’ common place and may explain the knowledge is acquired through a situation. These problems are related to survey. Performing a survey enables us the lack of necessary input data from to gather the required information very past projects and a lack of knowledge efficiently and accurately. about which data to collect that has the most impact on the cost of a DaimlerChrysler suppliers are asked to project. decide about the relative importance of a large number of potential factors When an organization outsources many impacting project cost. The analysis of software projects, it is possible to the collected data determines what are accumulate a cost database in a the most important factors for subcon- relatively short period of time. However, tracted projects in the DaimlerChrysler to collect useful cost data, it is neces- context. sary to determine influential factors on cost and risk that are predominant. Based on this, a procurement question- naire is designed to collect cost-related DaimlerChrysler AG, Car Development project data from subcontractors. This Division subcontracts a lot of software questionnaire serves as a basis for the projects. Thus, cost estimation is crucial establishment of a cost database that for them to properly assess incoming can be used to better estimate the cost bids. In collaboration with Fraunhofer for new projects, or assess bids of IESE, a procurement questionnaire is subcontractors. defined that serves as a basis to estab- lish a project cost database. To use the established cost database for assessing incoming bids, the informa- Objective tion available at the beginning of a project has to be compared to parts of The main objectives of this study are to: the database. As a lot of uncertainty exists at such an early stage in a • Determine the most important cost project, risk management needs to be and risk factors relevant in the incorporated. A combined approach DaimlerChrysler procurement using simulation techniques to account context. for the uncertainty and analogy-based retrieval of existing data is proposed as • Design a procurement questionnaire a procedure to assess incoming bids. based on the most important cost- The result of such a procedure is the drivers that is to be completed by probability that a bid exceeds a certain DaimlerChrysler suppliers. price.
46 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Quality and Process Engineering
Results Objective
The final results of this study include: The objective of the CAP project is to develop, evaluate, and package an • A repeatable process of ranking cost instrumented CAP model that helps to: factors regarding their importance • Enhance the benefits associated • A list of cost factors most important with the use of COTS components, for the DaimlerChrysler software e.g., shorter time-to-market and procurement context lower development cost.
• A procurement questionnaire usable • Mitigate the risks of using COTS for consistent collection of impor- software components, e.g., lack of tant cost-related project data across vendor support and insufficient DaimlerChrysler subcontracted reliability. projects • Be as efficient and effective as • A description of how to use the possible in making the decision on procurement data for estimating whether to develop or purchase a project cost, assessing incoming COTS software component with a bids, and benchmarking completed Definition and Validation of a COTS specific functionality. projects Acquisition Process (CAP) • Support the ability to deal with all Partner Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) sizes of COTS software components. DaimlerChrysler AG software components are becoming These can range from a module Passenger Car Development more and more important in state-of- with a single, dedicated functionali- Software Technology the-practice for software and system ty to complete software applica- 70546 Stuttgart development. COTS software provides tions. a number of potential benefits and at Contact the same time it raises problems not Approach Isabella Wieczorek usually encountered in classical soft- Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 ware development. Potential problems The CAP project is being conducted in Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 originate from the black-box character three phases. Email: [email protected] of COTS components, i.e., the fact that they must be used on an “as is” basis. During the first phase, a generic version Therefore, it is desirable to have a well- of the instrumented CAP model was defined, efficient, reliable, and integrat- defined. It consists of three sub-models: ed COTS acquisition process (CAP). To achieve this, a research collaboration • An initialization model for adapting between Fraunhofer IESE and Siemens the evaluation taxonomy and for AG has been initiated. setting up the criteria measurement plan.
• An execution model for exploring, evaluating, and selecting suitable COTS software components.
• A model for packaging results such that they can be reused.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 47 Quality and Process Engineering
The current CAP model includes a Results Partner comprehensive taxonomy with criteria Siemens AG for COTS software component evalua- The final results of this project will Otto-Hahn-Ring 6 tion and descriptions of techniques for include: 81730 München tailoring the criteria taxonomy, estimat- ing the effort for collecting data on the • a generic description of the CAP Contact selected criteria, and Multi-Criteria model architecture Michael Ochs Decision Making (MCDM). Dietmar Pfahl • a comprehensive taxonomy of Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 251 In the second phase, the generic CAP criteria for the evaluation of COTS Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 202 model will be customized to the software components Email: [email protected] specific needs of a Siemens business [email protected] unit and evaluated in one or more pilot • a report on the application and applications. evaluation of the suggested CAP model, including a cost/benefit In the third phase, based on the results analysis of the pilot application, the instrument- ed CAP model will be enhanced and • a handbook containing the instru- packaged into a handbook. mented CAP model, the evaluation taxonomy, recommendations for customizing the CAP model, and a set of checklists and templates supporting the execution of the CAP model
48 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 49 Systematic Learning and Improvement
Experience Factory Technology The department Systematic Learning and Improvement (SLI) develops and Companies that strive to become validates methods and techniques for Learning Organizations often face the implementing effective organizational problem of information overflow. They learning and goal-oriented continuous do not know how to systematically improvement in the software area. identify, collect, and package informa- Following the TQM-based Quality tion that would be of benefit if it only Improvement Paradigm (QIP), we help were easily accessible at the right place customers establish a software organi- at the right time. It is mandatory to zation that is able to set quantifiable structure information, provide a quick (improvement) goals, select and take survey of available information, and adequate actions towards reaching guide users to useful information. these goals, measure success, and systematically collect experience to The Experience Factory Technology accelerate learning. (EFT) group is developing the necessary tool support for the Experience Factory. Our overall approach is implemented by The core of such a tool is the organiza- means of well-defined roles and tional memory, which we call the processes for the software project Experience Base. The Experience Base is groups and their improvement support integrated with an organization’s group. The former ones are responsible information network, such as the for performing successful software intranet and data bases. The Experience projects. The latter is concerned with Base stores diverse types of informa- the collection of relevant experience tion, such as lessons learned from from the software groups, the prepara- projects, best practices, process models, tion (i.e., structuring, documentation, and application know-how in an easy- and maintenance), and the feedback of to-find and ready-to-use form. experience to leverage the software groups’ success. We apply Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), which is a methodology that helps to We call this an Experience Factory (EF). solve problems in a very natural way. The EF allows tacit knowledge of CBR emulates expert problem solving experts as well as experience hidden in behavior: a new problem is solved by processes and documentation to be adapting solutions from similar past made explicit so as to deploy it most cases. CBR effectively supports knowl- effectively throughout the organization. edge storage and retrieval as well as learning, even for the casual user.
Experience Factory Technology
Dr. Frank Bomarius, Dr. Klaus-Dieter Markus Nick Dagmar Surmann Carsten Tautz Department Head Althoff
50 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Systematic Learning and Improvement
We tightly integrate the Experience Information Technology Security Contact Base with existing information sources Dr. Frank Bomarius and we use web technology to make In a networked world where frontiers Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 121 the experience easily accessible. become meaningless and information is Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 just a mouse-click away, protecting a Email: [email protected] Management of Improvement and company’s information assets while at Learning the same time offering comprehensive response to legitimate requests is vital Innovation, quality, and time-to-market to survive competition. Current trends are the three factors that determine toward tele-working and tele-confer- competitiveness today. Maintaining a encing, the introduction of electronic leading edge requires exploration of commerce, and the expanding use of the most valuable resource in a compa- telecommunication services create new ny - knowledge. The introduction of opportunities, but also new threats. concepts for Learning Organizations faces many nontechnical problems The Information Technology Security related to Business Process Improve- (ITS) group assists an organization in ment and Change Management. precisely determining its security Moreover, the acquisition, storage, and requirements, defining adequate distribution of experience still present a security objectives, and closing existing lot of open issues on the methodologi- security gaps. cal level. To identify areas where assets are at The Management of Improvement and risk, the organization’s security policies Learning (MIL) group adapts and are inspected. The IT system under develops concepts for Learning Soft- study, its documentation and existing ware Organizations based on the safeguards are reviewed. Guidelines for general idea of an Experience Factory. proper safeguarding and recommenda- We are experts in embedding processes tions for the improvement of the for identification, acquisition, and organization’s basic security strategy usage of experience in an organization. are derived from these investigations. Tailored solutions for experience processing are developed in close We help to make a Learning Organiza- cooperation with the EFT group and all tion safer by protecting its essential other groups in the institute. This assets - the information infrastructure. includes the definition of measures that allow to monitor business process performance and identify weaknesses and problems.
Management of Improvement and Learning Information Technology Security
Dr. Wolfgang Andreas Birk Susanne Hartkopf Dr. Reinhard Dr. Volker Hübsch Dr. Peter Kaiser Gaby Klein Müller Schwarz (Secretary)
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 51 Systematic Learning and Improvement
there will be exchange on successful as • run the SEC consortia offices well as less successful projects, on setting up and performing improve- • plan, coordinate, and execute ment programs, and on introducing workshops for the SEC consortia and running Experience Factories. On a regular basis, the SEC members select • contribute tutorials, exploratory topic areas from the software engineer- technology presentations, and ing domain that are most relevant to experience reports to the workshops them for investigation within their consortium, thus setting the consorti- • collect experience in the course of um’s focus. bilateral projects with members and document it for dissemination Implementation within the consortium
Each SEC is a consortium of industrial • maintain the SEC consortium’s members plus the Fraunhofer Institutes Experience Base, which makes the that together want to act as an Experi- consortium’s experience assets ence Factory. A consortium is governed accessible to the members by a consortium agreement that settles The Software Experience Center confidentiality issues and regulates the • maintain and provide access to a operation of the SEC. A steering world-wide network of experts The Software Experience Center SECTM committee, comprised of one repre- is a generic consortium set-up that has sentative per member, guides the • deliver on-line services to the been conceived jointly by the IESE and consortium. members, such as a web site with its sister institute in the US, the Fraun- the SEC Experience Base, and a hofer Center for Experimental Software The industrial members jointly fund the newsletter Engineering, Maryland, as a framework operations of their SEC consortium and to create SEC consortia. are expected to make a midterm Status commitment to the consortium. Each Mission SEC comprises six to eight member In 1998, Fraunhofer IESE and the companies. Each member subscribes to Fraunhofer Center for Experimental SEC consortia are designed to bring its SEC consortium agreement and in Software Engineering, Maryland together like-minded international particular to the free mutual exchange designed and put together the first companies for the purpose of an open of experience within the consortium for international SEC. The official start of experience exchange and for setting up the purpose of accelerated learning. this consortium was June 1999. More and performing joint case studies and SECs, national as well as international applied research projects. The main Different SEC consortia do not interfere ones, are planned to be assembled in goal is to promote the extension of with one another, that is, confidentiali- the future. Learning Organization concepts to the ty is guaranteed. software domain. The intended interna- Contact tional set-up is expected to create Role of the Fraunhofer Institutes in Europe: insight into Learning Organization Dr. Frank Bomarius issues across different cultural environ- The Fraunhofer Institutes act as facilita- Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 121 ments. tors and bring added value to the SEC Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 consortia. In particular, they: Email: [email protected] Each SEC consortium provides a forum for its members to share their experi- in the US: ence much more effectively than in a Rose Pajerski conference or workshop. In particular, Phone: +1 301 405 6580 Fax: +1 301 404 6638 Email: [email protected]
52 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Systematic Learning and Improvement
The EFQM assess- Experience Base Improvement Idea Intelligent Process and Quality ment framework, as Proposed Implementations Management (IPQM) defined by the European Founda- Protocol While Total Quality Management (TQM) tion for Quality Controlling / EFQM contrib. and continuous improvement have Management, is become standard practice in production well known in the Lessons Learned oriented industries, the service sector is health care sector. Hence we chose only recently starting to deploy such EFQM as an evaluation scheme to Quality Managers were very confident methods. structure and categorize achievements. with the IPQM. In particular the use of The IPQM tool allows to link improve- tailored vocabulary provided by the In Germany the health care sector is ment activities with EFQM categories. system and free text made it easy to experiencing heavy pressure to reduce use. costs and increase efficiency. Yet, IPQM was put on trial in mid ’99. We methods and tools tailored to this followed a three-stage approach: Assigning activities’ results to EFQM sector are missing. criteria was considered a major innova- • For preparation of field testing we tion of the system, since documenta- The objective of the IPQM project was organized a workshop to present tion of the achieved improvements is a to develop a process plus supporting and explain the IPQM to Quality major requirement in the health care tool to capitalize on the experiences of Managers from hospitals. sector. The web-based implementation medical, care, and administrative was another very positive feature of personnel. Cost as well as achieve- • The Quality Managers then used the IPQM. ments - in quantitative as well as system for four weeks to support qualitative terms - were to be made their daily quality improvement Partner transparent by the IPQM. work. Fraunhofer IPA Fraunhofer IESE Approach • Finally, we analyzed practical experi- Euro-Med-Clinic, Fürth ences in another workshop. Klinikum Ludwigsburg Fraunhofer IESE and Fraunhofer IPA Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart jointly developed a continuous quality Results improvement process applicable in the Contact health care sector. The implementation of IPQM and its Dr. Frank Bomarius application in several hospitals followed Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 121 A web-based tool to support this our general approach: Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 process was developed. It allows Email: [email protected] capturing improvement ideas, (alterna- • establishment of a clear strategy, tive) plans for implementing the from which measurable goals can improvements, cost/benefit estimates, be derived and actions for achieving and experiences made while imple- the goals can be devised menting the improvements. Thus all steps, decisions, results, and valuable • active involvement of the entire experiences are documented and made work-force in all kinds of quality available throughout the organization. improvement activities
• documented business processes
• appropriate computer support
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 53 Systematic Learning and Improvement
Objectives
The Information Technology Security (ITS) group assists your organization in determining its security requirements, defining adequate security objectives, setting up a security policy, and closing existing security gaps.
We help you to make your organization Information Technology Security safer by protecting its essential assets – Management the information infrastructure.
Most organizations depend critically on Approach their information technology (IT), its availability and proper functioning. Fundamental to security management Information processing is vital for many are proper identification of areas where business and production processes. The assets are at risk and a clear under- expanding use of telecommunication standing of the organization’s security services and the growing importance of objectives. It is important to define a electronic commerce will further corporate IT security policy that sum- increase dependence on IT in the marizes essential security needs and future. principles. As a first step in our assess- ment, we inspect existing policy docu- Although IT is one of the most crucial ments. If none exist, we support our resources in most enterprises, organiza- client in creating an appropriate policy tions tend to neglect its inherent risks. as a prerequisite to selecting a suitable With the advent of teleworking and risk analysis strategy, and to deriving teleconferencing, with the increasing reasonable security plans. popularity of online services and electronic mail, more and more organi- Depending on the target of evaluation, zations are forced to gradually open the strategy for risk analysis may their enterprise networks and to grant require a detailed review of the system, the public controlled access to their IT its safeguards, vulnerabilities, and platforms. IT security has now become potential threats. In the simple case of a major concern for most companies. a standard IT component, risk analysis may be restricted to standards compli- ance testing, from which risk valuation immediately follows. We guide your organization in risk assessment accord- ing to current best practice. We may also conduct detailed evaluations of specific IT components on behalf of our client.
54 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Systematic Learning and Improvement
If risks exceed a given threshold, then Finally, the security plan is implement- Project Examples additional safeguards are required. The ed. Typically, however, system security is selection of countermeasures may not confined to a single, short-term Security assessments have been con- depend on technological, economical, activity. Maintaining a certain level of ducted for systems of varying type and legal, environmental, as well as social security is an ongoing effort. scale, ranging from simple Worldwide factors. We assist clients in choosing Web Servers to complex, distributed appropriate means. IT security tends to be a personnel services spanning the public switched rather than a technological problem. telephone network. For Deutsche Risk analysis aims at explicitly stating Most security incidents have their roots Telekom we modeled and analyzed the residual risks and the rationale for in a lack of awareness, education, security aspects of Telecommunication proposed additional safeguards. Based training, or motivation of staff mem- Management platforms, Intelligent on this information, your organization bers. Therefore, it is important to Network services, and Virtual Private can make a well-founded management educate the employees and explain to Network solutions (among others). decision about adequate security them the lurking dangers of poor measures. security standards. We offer seminars Contact on selected topics of IT security issues, Dr. Reinhard Schwarz After the residual risk and the proposed but also general awareness programs. Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 231 measures have been approved, a Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 security plan must be prepared that Regular reviews of the system and Email: [email protected] details all necessary steps, responsibili- corporate security policies complement ties, required tools, and time scales. We specific security assessments. They aim support the planning by providing at continuous improvement of the appropriate templates and advice for security management process. setting up guidelines and procedures. We view corporate security improve- Next, we recommend formulating a ment programs as part of more com- system policy for the specific target of prehensive organization-wide programs evaluation. This document should of systematic learning and improve- summarize all relevant vulnerabilities, ment. The IESE is an expert in imple- threats, and corresponding risks as well menting such programs based on the as the rationale for the selected safe- Quality Improvement Paradigm and guards. Such a component-specific Experience Factory approach. security policy may serve as a template for incremental re-evaluation in case of future component changes or replace- ments.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 55 Systematic Learning and Improvement
Systematic Improvement Programs
Successful software process improve- ment must be tailored to the specific goals and needs of a software organi- zation. It requires careful planning, systematic action, and regular evalua- tion of success. Organizational learning is the key to sustaining the benefit from improvement initiatives.
Systematic improvement programs Fraunhofer IESE realizes these principles • methods for analyzing and bench- must deploy customized applications of via three groups of well-established marking processes and products, improvement approaches. Process techniques for setting up and running such as ISO/IEC 15504 process assessments, for instance, might be systematic improvement programs: assessments, process modeling, and integrated with the installation of goal-oriented measurement software measurement programs and • continuous improvement cycles the introduction of more productive following the Quality Improvement • technologies and infrastructures for software technologies. Existing devel- Paradigm (QIP; see Figure 1) organizational learning and knowl- opment practices must be transformed. edge management in software New competencies and organizational engineering, according to the entities might be established. Experience Factory (EF) concept
Systematic improvement programs build on four main principles: QIP Steps PROFES Steps • set explicit improvement goals that can realistically be achieved in the Characterize 1. Verify commitment 2. Identify product quality needs software organization 3. Determine current product quality 4. Determine current process capability • integrate well-established improve- ment techniques Set Goals 5. Set product improvement goals 6. Determine necessary process changes • systematically plan, monitor, and control the improvement program Choose 7. Describe process changes Models 8. Set metrics for the process and product • evaluate improvement success and 9. Prepare improvement implementation package the results for future and concurrent improvement initiatives Execute 10. Implement and monitor improvements
Analyze 11. Evaluate results
Package 12. Update experience base
Figure 1: The steps of the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) and the associated steps of the PROFES improvement methodology
56 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Systematic Learning and Improvement
Figure 2: Dependency relations between software development context, technology, process, and product quality for the example “inspections, architecture design, and reliability”
Effective improvement programs are Product Quality typically a well-customized combination of these three kinds of improvement Reliability approaches. The PROFES improvement methodology, for instance, guides the Technology Process setup of effective improvement pro- Inspections Architecture grams. PROFES is a product-focused Design improvement methodology that follows a twelve-step process improvement process (see Figure1). It has been developed in a European applied research project with strong involve- Time Pressure Staff’s Degree Management ment of Fraunhofer IESE. Models of of Experience Commitment product/process dependence (PPD) help to find those improvement actions that Context are most important for attaining a required product quality. The principles Drivers and critical success factors of Benefit, cost, and risk factors of of PPDs are depicted in Figure 2. improvement improvement programs
Through many years of experience in Fraunhofer IESE has developed effective Fraunhofer IESE is continuously further- systematic improvement, Fraunhofer tools and a strong body of knowledge ing its experience base of improvement IESE has accumulated a rich palette of that help select the right improvement benefit, cost models, and risk factors. tools and competencies for supporting actions for a given software organiza- The PROFES cost/benefit repository, for improvement programs and for assur- tion. One example is the PROFES instance, contains effort models for ing their success. The following ones repository of PPDs that contains lists of predicting the effort of process assess- are particularly important: recommended improvement actions for ments and goal-oriented measurement many product quality goals. programs.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 57 Systematic Learning and Improvement
Integration of improvement The product-focused process improve- approaches ment program at Ericsson Telecom R&D in Finland has focused mainly on The PROFES improvement methodology reliability and maintainability. One and other methods developed at particularly important quality improve- Fraunhofer IESE combine the strengths ment was design quality in terms of of different improvement approaches, fault density. The improvements were such as process assessments, goal- attributed to significantly more careful oriented measurement, and process preparation for software inspections modeling, within one improvement and more intense desk checking. Two program. BOOTSTRAP process assessments have indicated capability level improvements Experience from three industrial soft- from below 2 to nearly level 3. ware organizations has shown that systematic improvement programs The product quality goals for Tokheim, following the PROFES improvement world market leader in systems and methodology effectively direct improve- services for fuel stations, focused on ment efforts toward important, compa- reliability with additional strict cost and ny-specific product quality improve- time targets. Achievements were well- ments. The main results from these structured product architecture, better applications of PROFES are summarized traceability and analyzability of the in the following. product, as well as a very low number of defects. At the same time, the Important product quality attributes for targeted cost reductions were better Dräger Medical Technology were than planned and product delivery was reliability, fitness for use, and predicta- within the planning limits. bility of quality, time, and cost. Several important product quality achievements Contact were reported: On-schedule delivery, Dr. Frank Bomarius functionality being very well in accord- Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 121 ance with user needs, a very low Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 number of defects in field tests, and Email: [email protected] others. Also, a wide spectrum of process improvements was accom- plished, demonstrated by a fast process capability increase to level 3 on the BOOTSTRAP scale and by meeting the ISO 9001 criteria.
58 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 59 Continuing Education and Training
The IESE education and training ap- 6 • IESE Training & There is no successful technology proach is based on a modular system of Package Education Experience transfer without preparatory training courses. The different modules can be Factory and education courses. Background, classified according to the following main contents, and implementation of schema: 5 • Fulfillment of original the new technologies have to be Analysis and Interpretation Training & Education explained for all the people involved. • basics for software engineering of Feedback Goals This must always be done in the (e.g., discrete math, logic, algo- • IESE context of the organization. The rithms) 4 • Software Academy demand for both specific technology Performance Kaiserslautern of Courses • University of training and professional Software • principles and foundations of Kaiserslautern • External Tutors Engineering education is growing software product engineering significantly. Human resources have (e.g., information hiding, data 3 Develop • SE Body of Knowledge become more and more the bottleneck abstraction, traceability, reuse) Training & • IESE E & T Modules Education Plan for industrial growth. • Domain Knowledge • principles and foundations of
software process engineering 2 Needs • Strategic Goals of an (e.g., process modeling, measure- Analysis / Organization Goal • Requested Learning ment, experimentation, learning) Definition and Skills Profiles
• IESE Training &
• techniques, methods and tools for Continuous optimization based on experimental feedback 1 Education Experience product engineering Characterization Factory of Context • Organization (e.g., requirements engineering, Characteristics design, quality assurance) IESE supports reuse-based planning and • techniques, methods and tools for execution of customizable, high-quality education and training modules by process engineering adapting the Quality Improvement (e.g., experience packaging, process Paradigm (QIP) approach for software improvement, quality management) development.
• empirical results (e.g., case studies, experiments, lessons learned) and industrial experiences for different domains (e.g., telecom, embedded systems, MIS)
Software Engineering Education and Training
Dr. Günther Ruhe Manfred Eberle Ines Grützner Department Head
60 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Continuing Education and Training
Company-oriented education programs • Tailored training courses that are Education, training, and consulting take into account actual and future - technology-oriented for SMEs. trends in technology development. The - one to five days in duration mid-term or long-term education - at IESE or at the company One example of current activities is a programs are composed of sequences - during working hours two-day course on various topics of individual education and training - complementing transfer of IESE related to quality management for courses. Each of these courses makes a competencies software developers and project well-defined and measurable contribu- managers. The course is tailored to the tion to the strategic objectives. They are • Development and realization of specific needs of a major automotive based on the following principles: company-specific continuing educa- supplier and will reach the majority of tion programs with classification its software engineering workforce. • Existing modules have to be tailored based on according to the application domain - contents: competence-/job- An example of a different granularity is oriented a qualification program for hardware • Upper exit level of the course must - duration: varying between three developers built of several modules. be chosen based on target qualifica- months and two years The participants will be provided with tion (e.g., software engineer, tester, - location: at IESE, at PRE Park, or the basic skills needed to develop developer) at company software. The duration of the qualifica- - organization: full-time or part- tion program is 6 months, 1 to 2 days a • Lower entry level of the course is time, inclusion of other players week. chosen based on candidate’s qualifi- (e.g., university, high-tech compa- cation nies, other educational institutions) • Synergy with existing company education and training modules • Executive management briefings - Overviews, tendencies, and most • Integration of external competen- recent results in software engi- cies and presenters neering technologies are present- ed for upper executive manage- IESE offerings are directed both at ment of companies individuals with different backgrounds and university degrees and at organiza- tions of different size and domain. For all our offerings, web and multimedia Contact technologies are becoming increasingly Dr. Günther Ruhe important. There is great variety in Tel. +49 (0) 6301 707 151 objective, style, and duration of these Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 203 offerings: EMail: [email protected]
Company-Specific Education Training, Education and Consulting Center and Training
Dr. Günther Ruhe Christiane Dr. Klaus Hörmann Markus Müller Maud Schlich Stefanie Mahler Elke Müller Cornelia Streb (acting group leader) Differding Secretary Secretary Secretary
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 61 The Consulting Center works in close The Competence Center for cooperation with the association Software Technology and Training “Software Technologie Initiative e.V.” (KSTW) (STI) which, by the end of 1999, comprised more than 30 member Within the last 10 years, information companies and organizations. In co- and telecommunication technologies operation with STI, a variety of semi- grew to be one of the core competen- nars and workshops have been offered. cies of the economic area of Kaiserslau- The topics covered in 1999 were tern and surroundings. The region has Requirements Engineering, Configura- become an attractive location for the tion Management, Project Manage- booming IT industry: more and more ment, Programming Guidelines, Sys- companies are emerging in this area, tematic Testing, and Development of along with the need for staff with OO Systems. The annual STI conference excellent skills in software engineering. was held in September 1999 within the Most of these companies are small or framework of the international confer- medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). ence CONQUEST, which took place in Nuremberg (Germany) and attracted Against this background, it is a strate- more than 200 participants. gic goal of the Fraunhofer IESE to IT qualification campaign for locaI • offer consulting in order to help companies companies, especially SMEs, to acquire good Software Engineering In cooperation with WFK (Wirtschaft- The curricula for both courses were set skills, and, förderungsgesellschaft Kaiserslautern), up in interdisciplinary cooperation with a local body to promoting economic practitioners of software engineering, • to provide professional services in IT growth in Kaiserslautern, the IESE computer science lecturers and educa- training and education, especially in conducted a survey on education and tors. From the very beginning, industrial Software Engineering. staffing needs of about 200 enterprises experts in software development were in the area of Kaiserslautern. Above all, involved in the process. Consulting for SMEs the survey yielded a remarkable de- mand for software developers as well When creating curricula, our main The general objective is to take care of as corresponding training needs. concern is on skills needed in industrial the particular needs of small and Furthermore, the study revealed a practice. Therefore, we are questioning medium-sized companies. For this training and staffing need for software for descriptions of those jobs our reason, industrial transfer projects for documentation specialists. graduates will actually fulfil when SMEs are conducted and consulting for employed. From this basis, we define SMEs is offered. The emphasis of the The evaluation of this survey was skills graduates are to possess which projects is on consulting with respect to accomplished with special regard to IT lead to the deduction of wider training base practices in Software Engineering employment opportunities for unem- targets in terms of curricular planning. such as Requirements Engineering, ployed non-computer science university The curriculum for software documen- Systematic Testing, Inspections, etc. graduates. In consequence, several tation specialists is as follows: Projects typically start with a short contingencies for full-time re-education assessment phase and/or a kickoff courses could be identified, two of workshop and later concentrate on which were realized in 1999: one transferring methods into the customer course for documentation specialists in company, training and coaching the software domain and one for personnel, and troubleshooting during object-oriented developers in financial the application of the new methods in services. everyday business.
62 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Continuing Education and Training
They should acquire With regard to work placements, we With financial backing from the local are careful to only choose organizations Job Center and the European Social • wide basic knowledge and apprecia- where candidates have excellent Fonds, Fraunhofer IESE carried out tion of software engineering prospects of being employed after- these courses for the first time in 1999 wards. in cooperation with SWA AG, a newly • comprehensive skills in creating founded company for professional professional text documents The curriculum for OO-Developers in training and education. Carefully financial services has been designed, selected by interviews, 45 participants • special skills in creating a complete organized and carried out in direct from a wide variety of disciplines, e.g., software documentation cooperation with PMS Micado GmbH, a biology, law, business administration, provider of financial services. OO- and architecture, were admitted to the • enhanced knowledge and special developers are trained for the process courses and passed them successfully. skills in dealing with documentation of in software engineering Virtually all graduates have been hired • analyzing customer needs and after graduation. In fact, the demand • skills in planning, organizing, problems for graduates outsizes the current monitoring, managing, and optimiz- capacities. The courses as well as the ing documentation and associated • designing software solutions accord- efforts for recruiting new candidates processes ingly will therefore be continued in 2000.
• interpersonal and communicative • programming these solutions Contact skills Dr. Klaus Hörmann • verifying and validating these Phone: +49 (0) 631 41690 13 • practical skills in a typical application solutions as well as documenting Fax: +49 (0) 631 41690 41 area and presenting the results Email: [email protected]
To put this into practice, the curriculum • quality assurance within the process is divided into four phases: This is realized in four stages, each • learning and training phase I including a project that comprehends all the phases of the above mentioned • project work on software documen- process in varying proportions: tation • teamwork based object oriented • learning and training phase II programming
• work placement including reflection • software projects in network envi- phases ronments
• application development in existing environments
• elaborating client-focused solutions for financial service providers
By involving project work, the course offers an enormous share of about 50% of practical work, consisting of tasks and exercises from industrial practice.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 63 64 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Vision and Mission Business Fields, Targets, Benefits Competencies and Offerings
In 1994, the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Software development is an activity not The Fraunhofer Center for Experimental established Fraunhofer USA, with often well understood, especially with Software Engineering, Maryland headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan, respect to the role that software plays supports organizations committed to as the mechanism for fostering collabo- in a company’s business strategy. Too research and development in the rative activities with research institu- often, software is late to deliver, over discipline of software engineering and tions and industries in the United budget, and unreliable. Competitive its enabling technology. It facilitates States. Separate centers would be set companies are continually looking for collaborative activities between these up in the United States, each center ways to better control, manage, companies and the University of affiliated with both a local American predict, and evaluate their software Maryland’s Computer Science Depart- university and one of the Fraunhofer efforts. Standard solutions, such as ISO ment and other academic partners. The Institutes in Germany. 9000 certification or a Software Capa- core competencies of FC-MD lie in the bility Evaluation, are often proposed to areas of technology transfer and Preliminary activities establishing the these problems without an accompany- process and product improvement. Fraunhofer Center for Experimental ing understanding of their effect on the Software Engineering, Maryland (FC- business product. Companies need to As technology transfer agents, FC-MD MD) began in October, 1997. The first adapt effective processes to their own facilitates transferring a specific process employees were added to the Fraun- environment and the FC-MD will use its technology into a project using the hofer payroll on January 1, 1998. On expertise to help organizations custom- following support activities: February 25, 1998, the Center had its ize solutions. FC-MD believes that its official opening with attendees from unique expertise and experience-based • Provide an initial evaluation of client Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, the German program combine to make it a market software environment and organiza- government, the State of Maryland, leader in the delivery of customized tion using questionnaires to qualita- and University of Maryland officials. process solutions to companies. tively and quantitatively describe the project’s software products and Now in its second year, the Fraunhofer FC-MD emphasizes software engineer- processes. Center for Experimental Software ing, software development practices, Engineering, Maryland (FC-MD) is the and software processes using applica- • Recommend a specific process first Fraunhofer USA unit in the US to tion development, feedback, and technology to transfer into practice specialize in software development and learning as the basis for improving based on the business goals and maintenance, with a focus on the use software development technologies for problem areas identified. Integrate of experimental approaches to intro- its client organizations. By using this the new technology into the duce innovative techniques into indus- proven approach, the FC-MD enables project’s existing processes and try. FC-MD is a US, not-for-profit, its clients to become more competitive provide technology training. software engineering applied research in critical information technology fields. and technology transfer organization. Global, national, and Maryland-regional • Collect study data (objective meas- Its primary focus is to improve the companies are all potential clients for ures and subjective impressions) quality of software related products FC-MD. from the project and analyze the and services by working directly with impact of the new technology on organizations, learning about their both the product and the process. particular business needs, and tailoring Tailor the resultant process based on software improvement to those needs. feedback received and continue to evolve the technology for the organization from project to project.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 65 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Process and product improvement EMS is based on FC-MD’s Executive focuses on establishing Experience Scientific and Industrial Activities Director Victor Basili’s concepts of the Factories in organizations and across an Experience Factory and our experience entire company. Support activities Development of an Experience with solving knowledge management include the following measures: Management System problems. The Experience Factory recognizes that all organizations need • Characterize and evaluate client Knowledge intensive organizations are to learn from their past successes and software environment by conduct- highly dependent on their employees. failures, and from one another. A vital ing a detailed software product and Organizations for software develop- point in enabling such organizational process survey. Evaluate the organi- ment and applied research are promi- learning is to make knowledge availa- zation’s business goals, structural nent examples as their products are ble and accessible to all employees. elements, and infrastructure systems intangible and seldom documented, so with respect to the Experience most of the knowledge resides in 1999 was primarily devoted to require- Factory model. Recommend new employees’ brains. The damage to the ments analysis based on the evaluation software development technologies organization can be severe when of an already existing prototype of EMS and any organizational changes employees leave and take the undocu- and analysis of current commercial needed to facilitate the changes. mented knowledge with them. systems. A main requirement is for EMS Use and leverage existing processes to support highly distributed and fast- by tailoring the new technologies to To prevent such damage and to enable paced knowledge intensive software operate within the existing environ- organizational learning, an Experience organizations. It will therefore be based ment. Management System (EMS) is under on advanced Internet and distributed development that will capture, struc- database technologies as well as state- • Based on business goals and experi- ture, and share knowledge within an of-the-art graphical user interfaces. In mental plans, select pilot projects organization. 2000, the EMS will be populated with and provide technology training to study participants. Collect study data (objective measures and subjective impressions) from the projects and analyze the impact of the new technology on both the product and the process.
• Using the measures from multiple project applications of the new technology, build and/or refine the organization’s models for errors, cost estimation, and schedule. Recommend further management measures and analysis techniques to assure the continuing success of the process changes.
• Support building local and compa- ny-wide experience bases to allow the organization to transfer new technologies to other projects and divisions.
66 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
experience packages of interest to the The Fraunhofer organizations collabo- Software Industry Consortium FC-MD’s business activities and evaluat- rate to provide a number of services to ed locally. member companies: The goal of the Software Industry Consortium (SWIC) Project, in conjunc- Doing this has several benefits: • Twice-yearly workshops are organ- tion with the Maryland Department of ized to provide a forum for the Business and Economic Development, is • To learn about the system from a discussion of software development to provide a software engineering customer’s perspective experience. resource to assist Maryland organiza- tions in advancing the practices of • To package the knowledge and • The Fraunhofer organizations system and software engineering and processes about FC-MD for use by produce a series of experience in improving the quality of their soft- our customers reports that address specific tech- ware related products and services. This nologies of interest to the Consorti- is accomplished by: integrating research • To define the process of implement- um. The reports are gathered and and experience into practical improve- ing an Experience Factory and stored in the Fraunhofer-operated ment, creating opportunities to develop associated technology in a research SEC Experience Base for use and and disseminate improvement practic- organization, which will be useful in feedback by all members. es, enhancing the competitiveness of other projects member companies, especially small to • The Fraunhofer organizations have mid-size companies, accelerating new After field testing and updating the developed an extensive network of software technology adaptation, system locally, EMS will be available to software experts, both within the leveraging member company experi- industry to help take it to the next organizations and externally, that ence, promoting inter-corporate levels of functionality and usability. can be made available to SEC cooperation of member organizations, member companies. and providing training and education. Software Experience Center Services and communication between The goal of the Software Experience members are coordinated by means of Center (SEC) Consortium, a joint an advanced Internet-based “Coopera- project between the Fraunhofer Center tive Workspace.” and the Fraunhofer IESE, is to improve the software competencies and devel- In 1999 the SEC project moved from a opment practices of member compa- pre-study phase to being actively nies. To achieve this goal, member supported by member companies. The companies share past and ongoing Consortium is currently composed of experiences in software process im- three international corporations with provement and particular development significant investments in software technologies. The Fraunhofer organiza- development: DaimlerChrysler, Motoro- tions contribute their expertise to help la, and ABB. Additional members are analyze, package, and disseminate the being solicited although membership is lessons to be learned from these limited to a maximum of six companies. experiences. In September 1999, the Consortium held the first of its official workshops in Zurich, Switzerland. Members ex- changed experience reports on topics ranging from managing subcontractors to creating baselines that help under- stand an organization’s level of effec- tiveness.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 67 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Return on Investment Model for Reading/Inspection Technologies Software Independent Verification and Validation Software inspections have been shown to be a practical method of ensuring Although independent verification and that software artifacts, created during validation (IV&V) of software increases the software lifecycle, possess the the cost of a project, anecdotal evi- required quality characteristics. For dence suggests that by using it, the instance, inspections have been used to final software product is more reliable improve design and code quality by and safer, with fewer and less critical increasing defect removal during errors remaining to be found during development. In this way, inspections operational deployment. IV&V discovers help reduce defects in a software errors earlier in the life cycle, resulting system by ensuring that the software in fewer errors needing to be fixed artifacts which are necessary for its later, either during development or construction correctly reflect the needs operation, lowering thus the overall of stakeholders. development and operational costs for the software system. IV&V also contrib- The Fraunhofer Center - Maryland has utes to process analysis and improve- continued its work on the research and ment, increases communication and application of “software reading visibility into the project, and enhances For NASA, IV&V was mandated as a techniques,” which increase the the domain engineering aspect of means to increase safety of the crew on effectiveness of software inspections by software development. the space shuttle program. NASA is providing guidelines that inspectors can now interested in determining the costs use to examine (or “read”) a given The set and amount of IV&V activities and benefits, aside from increased software artifact and identify defects. applied to a project depend on the safety, from applying this technology. There is empirical evidence that soft- application domain, product features This project started in 1999 with a ware reading is a promising technique (criticality, safety and reliability require- literature survey of ROI models, their for increasing software quality for ments), development environment application in software engineering, different situations and documents (number of contractors, developers’ and cost and benefits of software types, not just limited to source code. experience and domain knowledge, or verification and validation methods and Software reading can be performed on budget constraints). The analysis and techniques. all documents associated with the development of models of IV&V cost software process, and is an especially and benefits and its return on invest- For developing and validating the initial useful method for detecting defects ment (ROI) for past projects is impor- version of the IV&V ROI model, NASA since it can be applied as soon as the tant for cost prediction and resource development data, such as collected by documents are written. The FC-MD is allocation purposes for future projects. the NASA IVV Facility and NASA engaged in a number of collaborations In order to analyze the requirements for Johnson Space Center on the develop- for the purpose of refining reading ROI models and to identify the data ment of software for the space shuttle techniques for different stages of the needed to develop and validate these program, is being studied. lifecycle. models, the Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) paradigm is used as a mecha- nism for defining and evaluating a set of operational goals, using measure- ment.
68 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Perspective-Based Reading (PBR) is a set Small Business Experience Factory Support of reading techniques for inspecting software requirements. PBR has been Learning Organizations (SBLO) The goal of this activity is to provide the subject of replicated experiments in The goal of the SBLO project is to first direct support for companies in estab- universities around the world and has develop an approach that integrates lishing and maintaining Experience been introduced in industrial case the Experience Factory (EF) with the Factories locally and corporate-wide. studies. FC-MD is now collaborating Capability Maturity Model for Software FC-MD is supporting DaimlerChrysler in with IESE to develop a tutorial aimed at (SW-CMM) and then to tailor it for their application of these concepts at introducing PBR to a wider industrial small businesses. Judicious use of EF five sites within their company. They are audience. concepts along with SW-CMM activities using the experiences captured to has helped large organizations become create a company-wide Consolidated A related area that seems to be of learning organizations faster. Experi- Experience Factory to share information increasing interest to industrial organi- ence with large organizations is being across the company. zations is that of inspecting Object- leveraged to allow small companies to Oriented artifacts. Inspections of OO achieve similar benefits by: artifacts present unique challenges because of the possibility for multiple • defining the elements of the EF and subtle relationships between framework that large companies objects in the system. FC-MD is collabo- have used in concert with the SW- rating with researchers at the University CMM of Maryland College Park to create and evaluate a set of reading techniques for • defining these elements for small OO design inspections. The aim is to and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) ensure that the problem domain has been correctly understood before the • providing training and guidance for system is constructed, and to catch a pilot project fundamental design problems before they have the chance to affect imple- • developing technology transfer mentation. Preliminary results concern- materials ing these reading techniques have been presented at well-known conferences such as ICSE 1999 and OOPSLA 1999.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 69 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
FC-MD in Figures
The Center added two staff members The Center generated over 45% of its in 1999 and expects to add three more revenue from new agreements with in 2000. We have also hosted a grow- external government and industry ing number of visiting scientists, sources in 1999. Next year, the estimate professors, and students this year and is that 60% of our revenue will derive expect to continue at this level during from these sources. subsequent years.
Development of the FC-MD Budget 1998 1999 2000 (planned) $ 1.800.000
$ 1.200.000
$ 600.000
Base External Total
Development of the FC-MD 1998 1999 2000 (planned) 30
20
10
FT Staff PT Staff Directors Visitors Total
70 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Steering Committee Members References Research Partners
Dr. Dirk Meints Polter ABB Bell Labs Senior Vice President ACS Experimental Software Engineering Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft ARINC Group, University of Maryland, Mary- Computer Sciences Corporation land Mr. Richard C. Mike Lewin Computer Technology Associates NASA Independent Verification & Secretary DaimlerChrysler AG Validation Facility, West Virginia Maryland Dept. of Business & Economic Diversified International Sciences Portland State University Development Dyncorp Software Engineering Laboratory, NASA Ericsson (S) Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland Professor Dr. Dieter Rombach GEC Marconi University of West Virginia Executive Director HCIA Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Litton Amecon Software Engineering Lockheed Martin Mantech Membership in Professional Mr. Bill Woodard Motorola (USA) Organizations CEO/President OAO ACS Government Solutions Group Nokia Maryland High Technology Council PSI Prince Georges County High Technolo- Mr. Lynn Wright Q-Labs, Inc. (USA) gy Business Council Vice President of RSI International Software Engineering Engineering & Technology Siemens AG Research Network (ISERN) Lockheed Martin Mission Systems Telcordia Veda Dr. Michael Plett Vice President Maryland Department of Business and Computer Sciences Corporation Economic Development
Mr. Frank E. Herman Vice President Marconi BAC
General Emmett Paige, Jr. President & Chief Operating Officer OAO Corporation
Dr. Stephen Halperin Dean, College of Computer, Math & Physical Science University of Maryland
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 71 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Events Professional Activities
Institute for Advanced Computer Victor R. Basili Ioana Rus Studies Technology Fair, University of Maryland, April 30 - Associate Editor, Journal of Systems - Guest Editor for the IEEE Software and Software, Elsevier North Hol- Special Issue on Process Diversity FC-MD Steering Committee land, Inc. Meetings, July 14 and December 3 - Reviewer for SEPG2000 conference - Co-Editor-in-Chief, Empirical Soft- Fraunhofer USA Pre-Board/Board ware Engineering, An International - Reviewer for Computer Magazine Meeting, December 13-14 Journal, Kluwer Academic Publishers Forrest Shull - Editor, Software Eng. Advance Book Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers - Program Committee, Fifth Work- Visitors Hosted shop on Empirical Studies of Soft- - Founding Member, ISERN - Interna- ware Maintenance 1999 (WESS ’99) Anthony Vernucci, MITRE, January tional Software Engineering Net- through December work Marvin V. Zelkowitz
Marcus Ciolkowski, University of - Member, Advisory Committee, Airlie - Program Committee, 11th Interna- Kaiserslautern, January through April Software Council, DoD Best Practic- tional Conference on Software es Initiative Engineering and Knowledge Engi- Martin Verlage, IESE, February 4-8 neering, Kaiserslautern, Germany, - Member, IEEE Software Process June, 1999 Thomas McGibbon, ITT Industries, Data Achievement Awards Committee Analysis Center for Software, - Program Committee, International February 26 - Member, Q-Labs Advisory Board, Workshop on Web-Based Informa- College Park, Maryland tion Visualization, Florence, Italy, Pankaj Jalote, Infosys Technologies Ltd., September, 1999 March 12 - Member, Advisory Board (Kuratori- um) of the Fraunhofer Institute for - Program Committee., European Lutz Prechelt, June 16 Experimental Software Engineering Workshop on Software Process (IESE), Kaiserslautern, Germany Technology, Vienna, Austria, Deborah Fontaine, Maryland Depart- February, 2000 ment of Economic Development, July 1 - Chairman, NSF Workshop on a Software Research Program for the - Series Editor, Advances in Comput- Nancy Eickelmann, Linda Rosenberg, 21st Century, Greenbelt, Maryland, ers, Academic Press, 1994 - present NASA, David Raffo, Wayne Harrison, October 15-16, 1998 Portland State Univ., July 12-13 - Editorial Advisory Board, J. of - Member, NSF Workshop on Scalable Computer Languages, Dieter Rombach, IESE Director, July 15- Enterprises, Greenbelt, Maryland, 1980 - present August 1 April 16-27, 1999 - Editorial Board, J. of Empirical Marco Habetz, Michael Frey, University Mikael Lindvall Software Engineering, of Kaiserslautern, October through 1995 - present December - Guest Editor for the IEEE Software Special Issue on Process Diversity William Riddle, Brian Nejmah, October 8
Allan Willey, Motorola, November 16
72 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer Center Maryland
Presentations and Tutorials Publications
V. Basili, Chairman, Harlan Mills Sympo- Tesoriero R. and M. V. Zelkowitz: sium, ICSE ’99 Conference, Los Ange- WebME: A Web-based tool for data les, California, May 1999 analysis and presentation, 11th Soft- ware Technology Conference, Salt Lake R. Pajerski, Using Metrics to Manage City, UT, May, 1999 and Improve Software, ProjectWorld, Boston, MA, May 1999 Shull, F., Travassos, G., and Basili, V.: Towards Techniques for Improved OO M. Zelkowitz, The Y2K bug: What is it Design Inspections; Workshop on and do you care?, Mitretek, McLean, Quantitative Approaches in Object- VA, June, 1999 Oriented Software Engineering, 13th European Conference on Object- V. Basili, “Understanding Software for Oriented Programming, Lisbon, Portu- Use: A Family of Empirical Studies,” gal, June 1999 Third International Memorial Confer- ence: Perspectives of System Informat- Basili, V., Shull, F., and Lanubile, F.: ics, Novosibirsk, Russia, July 6-10, 1999 Building Knowledge through Families of Experiments; IEEE Transactions on V. Basili, Keynote address, “Software Software Engineering, July/August Improvement Feedback Loops: The SEL 1999 Experience,” PSQT ’99 Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 5, Rus I., Collofello J.: A Decision Support 1999 System for Software Reliability Engi- neering Strategy Selection, COMPSAC, V. Basili, Keynote address, “Packaging Scottsdale, Arizona, October 1999 Reading Techniques,” 13th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Travassos, G., Shull, F., Fredericks, M., (SBES ’99), Florianopolis, Brazil, October and Basili, V.: Detecting Defects in 13-15, 1999 Object-Oriented Designs: Using Read- ing Techniques to Increase Software F. Shull, Conference on Object-Oriented Quality; Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA ’99), Denver, Applications (OOPSLA), Denver, Colora- Colorado, November 1999 do, November 1999
Zelkowitz M. V. (Ed.), Advances in Computers, volumes 48-51, Academic Press, London, 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 73 74 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Appendix
Overview
Network in Science and Industry Industrial Partners 76 National Research Partners 76 International Research Partners 77 International Software Engineering Network (ISERN) 78 Visitors hosted 78 Letters from Guest Scientists 79
Professional Contributions Lecturing Assignments at Universities 80 Journal Editorships 81 Committee Activities 82 Key Notes 84 Presentations 84
Scientific Publications Articles in Books 90 Articles in Journals 90 Conference Proceedings 90 IESE Reports 96 ISERN Reports 97 Diploma Theses 98 Project Theses 99
Awards 100
Events Chronicle 101 Media Coverage 102
Contact Points and Further Information The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 106 Fraunhofer VIESE Locations 108 Fraunhofer IESE Contact Persons 110 Information Service 113
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 75 Network in Science and Industry
Industrial Partners
- ABB - Società Interbancaria per - Special Research Institute “Develop- - AEG Energietechnik GmbH I’Automazione (I) ment of large Systems with Generic - Alcatel Alsthom (F) - Softlab GmbH Methods” (SFB 501), University of - Alcatel (F) - softTECH - Software Technologie Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, - Alcatel-SEL AG GmbH Germany - Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG - Software, design & management - The Research Institute for Validation - Axis (S) GmbH & Co. KG of AI Systems (VAIS), University of - BASF AG - tecinno GmbH Technology Ilmenau, Illmenau, - Bosch Telecom GmbH - Tecmath GmbH Germany - Brose GmbH & Co. - Testo GmbH & Co. KG - Fernuniversität Hagen, Hagen, - BSR Consulting - Thomson-CSF (F) Germany - Combitech Software AB (S) - Tokheim (NL) - University of Essen, Essen, Germany - DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG - Union Fenosa (E) - INRIA Rennes, Lande and Compose - DaimlerChrysler AG - Videotronic Groups, Rennes, France - Deutsche Bank AG - Viva Software GmbH - Telecommunications and Software - Deutsche Telekom AG - VTT Electronics (SF) Engineering Institute (TSE), Helsinki - DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- University of Technology, Helsinki, und Raumfahrt Finland - Dräger Medical Technology (NL) - Research in Software Engineering, - Ericsson (S) National Research Partners University of Karlskrona Ronneby, - Ericsson Eurolab Deutschland GmbH Ronneby, Sweden - Ericsson LMF (FIN) - University of Kaiserslautern, Kaisers- - Software Engineering Research - Ericsson (USA) lautern, Germany (formal affiliation Center (SERC), Netherlands - Ernst Informatik GmbH agreement) - Eindhoven Embedded Systems - ESA European Space Agency - Center for Learning Systems and Institute (EESI), Eindhoven, Nether- - Etnoteam (I) Applications (LSA), University of lands - Irish Medical Systems (IRL) Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, - European Software Institute (ESI), - KoDa Kommunikations und Germany; (IESE is member of LSA) Bilbao, Spain Datentechnik - Department of Programming - Technical University of Madrid, - Kretz Software GmbH Languages and Compilers, Institute Madrid, Spain - Lucent Technologies GmbH of Computer Science, University of - Markant Südwest Handels AG Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany - Markant Südwest Software- und (formal affiliation agreement) Dienstleistungs GmbH - GMD First, Berlin, Germany - Market Maker Software AG - Forschungszentrum für Informatik, - Motorola (USA) FZI, Karlsruhe, Germany - Nokia NRC (FIN) - Institute for Manufacturing Engi- - Norwegian Health Informatics (N) neering and Automation (IPA), FhG - Philips (NL) IPA, Stuttgart, Germany - Psipenta Software Systems GmbH - Institute for Image Processing and - Q-Labs Software Engineering GmbH Applied Informatics e.V., University - Q-Labs, Inc.(USA) of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany - Robert Bosch GmbH - Knowledge Discovery and Machine - Sainco (E) Learning, Otto-von-Guericke Univer- - Schlumberger RPS (F) sität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, - Siemens AG Germany - Siemens (A) - Siemens (N)
76 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Network in Science and Industry
International Research Partners
- Center for Advanced Empirical - Academic Medical Center, University - Center for Advance Empirical Software Research (CAESAR), of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Software Research , University of University of New South Wales, Netherlands New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Sydney, Australia (formal affiliation - Norwegian University of Science and - Center for Object Technology agreement) Technology, Trondheim, Norway Applications and Research, Sydney - Center de Recherche Informatique - Artificial Intelligence and Machine University of Technology, Sydney, de Montreal (CRIM), Montreal, Learning, University of Wyoming, Australia Canada Laramy, Wyoming, USA - Joint Research Centre for Advanced - European Software Institute (ESI), - Department of Computer Science, Systems Engineering, Macquarie Bilbao, Spain (formal affiliation University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The University, Sydney, Australia agreement) Netherlands - Software Productivity Consortium - Experimental Software Engineering - Expert Systems Group, Computer NFP, Herndon, USA Group of the University of Maryland Sciences Corporation, St. Leonards, - George Mason University, Fairfax, (UMD/ESEG) Australia Virginia, USA - University of Maryland, College - Information and Software Engineer- - Institute for Information Technology, Park, USA (formal affiliation agree- ing, George Mason University, National Research Council of ment) Fairfax, Virginia, USA Canada, Ottawa, Canada - Federal University of Santa Catarina, - Cooperation Contract, Institute for - BOOTSTRAP Institute, Oulunsalo, Florianopolis, Brazil Representation and Reasoning, Finland - Georgia Tech University, Atlanta, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, - Department of Systems and Infor- Georgia, USA Scotland, UK matics, University of Florence, - GrafP Technologies Inc., Montreal, - Knowledge Media Institute, Open Florence, Italy Quebec, Canada University, Milton Keynes, United - Instituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Kingdom Technologica (IRST), Trento, Italy - Northern Ireland Knowledge Engi- (formal affiliation agreement) neering Laboratory, University of - Semantics Designs, Austin, Texas, Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern USA Ireland, United Kingdom - Software Engineering Technology - Software Process Support Lab, Inc. (SET), Knoxville, Tennessee, USA University of Calgary, Calgary, - Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Alberta, Canada Carnegie Mellon University, Pitts- - Independent Verification and burgh, Pennsylvania, USA (formal Validation Facility, NASA Ames affiliation agreement) Research Center, Fairmont, Virginia, - Swedish Institute of Production USA Engineering Research (IVF) - Institut für Informationsverarbeitung - Software Engineering Laboratory und Computergestützte neue (SEL) Medien (IICM), Technische Univer- - NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, sität, Graz, Austria Greenbelt, Maryland, USA - Associacao CCG/ZGDV, Centro de - Software Technology Transfer Computacao Gráfica, Coimbra, Finland, Espoo, Finland Portugal - University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland - Communiacion Interactiva S.L., - University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Madrin, Spain Tennessee, USA - HIGHWARE sarl, La Salvetat Saint- - VTT Electronics, Oulu, Finland Gilles, France
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 77 Network in Science and Industry
International Software Engineering Visitors hosted Research Network (ISERN) - Prof. Dr. Stan Jarzabek, National - Central Research Institute of Electric University of Singapore, Singapore, Power Industry; Japan January 99-June 99 - CSIRO; Australia - DaimlerChrysler Research Center; - Prof. Daniel Berry, University of Germany Waterloo, Computer Systems - Ericsson Radio Systems AB; Sweden Group, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, - Fraunhofer Center Maryland, February 17 Maryland; USA - Fraunhofer Institute for Experimen- - Dr. Allen Dutoit, Technische Univer- tal Software Engineering, Rhineland- sität München, Institut für Informa- Palatinate; Germany tik, München, Germany, April 8 - Lucent Technologies - Bell Laborato- ries, Illinois; USA - Nancy Mead, PH.D., Senior Member - Lund University; Sweden of the Technical Staff, Carnegie - Macquarie University; Australia Mellon University, Software Engi- - Nara Institute of Science and neering Institute, Pittsburgh, Penn- Technology; Japan sylvania, USA, June 5 - Norwegian University of Technology & Science; Norway - Dr. Andrew Brooks, University of - NTT Data Corp.; Japan Strathclyde, Department of Compu- - Quality Laboratories Sweden AB (Q- ter Science, Glasgow, Scotland, Labs); Sweden September 24 - Universita’ degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”; Italy - Dr. Ira Baxter, Vice President, Se- - University of Bari; Italy mantic Designs Inc., Austin, Texas, - University of Hawaii, Hawaii; USA USA, October 1 - University of Kaiserslautern, Rhine- land-Palatinate; Germany - Dr. Marc Kellner, Senior Scientist, - University of Maryland at College SEI, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, October Park, Maryland; USA 18-19 - University of New South Wales; Australia - University of Rome - Tor Vergata; Italy - University of Strathclyde, Scotland; U.K. - VTT Electronics; Finland
78 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Network in Science and Industry
Letters from Guest Scientists
Tristen Langley Stan Jarzabek Janne Järvinen
The Centre for Empirical Sabbatical leave - that is VTT Electronics in Oulu, Software Engineering an opportunity to widen Finland had teamed up Research (CAESAR) at the professional horizons, with Fraunhofer IESE to University of New South fuel research with new do an ESPRIT project Wales in Australia has ideas, and also get to PROFES on product partnered with the Fraunhofer Fraun- know new people, make friends, and focused process improvement. I applied hofer IESE in sponsoring a research refresh one’s mind in a new environ- for a year of research exchange, exchange program for students com- ment. As sabbaticals happen in the thinking that I could be in closer pleting degrees in the area of software academician’s life only once in 6 years, contact with Fraunhofer IESE‘s PROFES engineering. I am a student from the one must carefully choose the attach- team and learn one or two things in University of New South Wales, and I ment not to waste such an opportunity. the world’s premier place for experi- took the opportunity in 1999 to I was lucky to spend 6 months of my mental software engineering. Well, I complete a six-month research ex- sabbatical at the Fraunhofer IESE in was right - except that my year at change. In collaboration with the Kaiserslautern. As a researcher in Fraunhofer IESE expanded to 18 European Space Agency and INSEAD, software engineering, it is critical for months. It was great seeing how the our team at Fraunhofer IESE conducted me to be in touch with industry and people participated in making the research in the area of software devel- confront ideas with realities of industri- vision of the institute a reality. This is opment cost estimation. Living and al software development. At Fraunhof- maybe not so evident for people in working in Kaiserslautern offered a er IESE, projects are driven by industrial their day-to-day work, but having so unique experience. I was able to needs, but the solutions Fraunhofer many people working towards com- appreciate a foreign language, culture, IESE proposes to its industrial partners mon themes forms a critical mass that and exciting sporting customs - ‘foot- are based on innovative research ideas. is not merely maintaining but also ball!’ Thank you to Dr. Lionel Briand A number of such projects were in the creating new world-class knowledge. and Isabella Wieczorek from the scope of my work, notably Product For a Finn, the culture in Germany is Fraunhofer Fraunhofer IESE and Profes- Line, Reengineering, and Kobra projects not so different from Finland, except sor Ross Jeffery and Dr. Richard Webby (the last one on integrating domain that in Finland there are fewer converti- from UNSW-CAESAR. The international engineering and component approach- bles in winter and football stadiums ten contribution is a reflection of the es). I enjoyed project discussions and times smaller. Perhaps the most surpris- enriching research environment that informal meetings with many people I ing elements for me were the vital Fraunhofer IESE offers. I have returned met at Fraunhofer IESE. I value their village communities and the closeness to Sydney, and I am working with expertise and excellence in work. Thank of nature - a good place to live. software and technology project you Peter Knauber, Colin Atkinson, implementations throughout various Jean-François Girard, Martin Würthner, industries. Thus, the software engineer- Dirk Mutig and many others for making ing principles that I have studied have my sabbatical at Fraunhofer IESE so been appreciated in application. interesting and fulfilling. And after work, southern Germany is a spectacu- lar area to visit, with many charming, historic towns and with easy access to beautiful regions in neighbouring countries.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 79 Professional Contributions
Atkinson, C.: Kamsties, E.: Lecturing Assignments at 2 lectures: Lecture: Universities Object technology Overview OO-Anwendungsentwickler BASF Ludwigshafen SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Althoff, K.: March 16 & 27 1999 March - May 1999 Lecture: Constructing Knowledge-Based Sys- Bayer, J.: Kamsties, E.: tems for Decision Support and Diagno- 1-day lecture: Seminar: sis Architecture Development at IESE: Modeling Embedded Systems with Department of Computer Science PuLSE-DSSA CASE-Tools University of Kaiserslautern In: P. Knauber Product Line Software AGSE, Department of Computer Summer Semester 1999 Engineering Lecture Science June 10 1999 University of Kaiserslautern & TU Althoff, K.: Munich Lecture: Bayer, J.: Spring 1999 Applications of Case-Based Systems 1-day lecture: Department of Computer Science Instantiation of Product Lines: PuLSE-I Kamsties, E.: University of Kaiserslautern In: P. Knauber Product Line Software 2 sessions of lecture: Winter Semester 1999 Engineering Lecture Requirements Engineering July 2 1999 Department of Computer Science Atkinson, C.: University of Kaiserslautern Lecture: Becker-Kornstaedt, U.: July 1999 Object-Oriented Software Development Lecture: AGSE, Department of Computer Documentation Specialist Kamsties, E.: Science SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslau- Lecture: University of Kaiserslautern tern Documentation Specialist Winter Semester 1998/1999 June - July 1999 Software-Akademie August 1999 Atkinson, C.: Bunse, C.: Lecture: Lecture: Kamsties, E.: Entwicklung von Software Systemen II The Unified Modeling Language (UML) Lecture: AGSE, Department of Computer Schneider-Automation OO-Anwendungsentwickler Science August 1999 SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern University of Kaiserslautern September - October 1999 Summer Semester 1999 Gacek, C.: Lecture: Kamsties, E.: Atkinson, C.: Software Architectures - Creation and 2-day lectures: Lecture: Representation Anforderungspezifikation und Manage- Entwicklung von Software Systemen I University of Kaiserslautern ment AGSE, Department of Computer June 1999 SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Science October 1999 University of Kaiserslautern Girard, J.-F.: Winter Semester 1999/2000 Lecture: Knauber, P.: Re- and Reverse Engineering Lecture: Atkinson, C.: Department of Computer Science Product Line Software Engineering Lecture: University of Kaiserslautern Department of Computer Science Research on object-oriented analysis Winter Semester 1999 University of Kaiserslautern and design Summer Semester 1999 Department of Computer Science Kamsties, E.: University of Kaiserslautern Lecture: April 1999 Documentation Specialist SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern March - May 1999
80 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Professional Contributions
Knauber, P.: Rombach, D.: Lecture: Project Course: Journal Editorships Re- and Reverse Engineering Software Engineering II Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Briand, L.: University of Kaiserslautern University of Kaiserslautern Empirical Software Engineering: An Winter Semester 1999 Winter Semester 1998/1999 International Journal
Laitenberger, O.: Rombach, D., Ruhe, Günther: El-Emam, K.: Lecture: Lecture: Software Process Newsletter OO-Anwendungsentwickler Software Engineering II SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Department of Computer Science Rombach, D.: August 23-25-261999 University of Kaiserslautern IEEE Software Magazine Summer Semester 1999 Müller, W.: Rombach, D.: Lecture: Rombach, D.: The Journal of Systems and Software Software Qualitätsmanagement (OO- Seminar: Anwendungsentwickler) Qualitäts- und Prozess-Engineering Rombach, D.: SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Department of Computer Science Informatik: Forschung und Entwicklung August 1999 University of Kaiserslautern Summer Semester 1999 Rombach, D.: Paech, B.: International Journal of Software Lecture: Rombach, D.: Process: Improvement and Practice Documentation Specialist Proseminar: SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Electronic Commerce im Internet Rombach, D.: March - May 1999 Department of Computer Science International Journal of Empirical University of Kaiserslautern Software Engineering Paech, B.: Summer Semester 1999 (Associate Editor for Europe) Lecture: OO-Anwendungsentwickler Würthner, M.: Ruhe, G.: SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Lecture: International Journal of Software March - May 1999 Software Reuse (OO-Anwendungs- Engineering and Knowledge Engineer- entwickler) ing Paech, B.: SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern Special Issue on Knowledge Discovery Lecture: July 1999 from Empirical Software Engineering Requirements Engineering Data (Guest Editor) Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Summer Semester 1999
Paech, B.: 2-day lectures: Anforderungspezifikation und Manage- ment SWA Software-Akademie Kaiserslautern October 1999
Rombach, D.: Lecture: Software Engineering I Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Winter Semester 1998/1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 81 Professional Contributions
- PC Member, International Confer- - PC Member, WCRE99 - Working Committee Activities ence on Artificial Intelligence Conference on Reverse Engineering, IJCAI’99, Automating the Construc- since 1998 Althoff, K.: tion of Case-Based Reasoners, August 1999 - PC Member, ECSMR99 - European - Co-Speaker, Special Interest Group Conference on Software Mainte- on Machine Learning of the German - Member of the Scientific Advisory nance and Reengineering, since Computer Science Society (GI), since Board, tec:inno GmbH Kaiserslau- 1999 1994 tern, since 1999 Kamsties, E.: - PC Member, International Confer- - Speaker Election Leader, Special ence on Case-Based Reasoning Interest Group on Case-Based - Organization Committee Member, ICCBR, since 1995 Reasoning of the German Computer Dagstuhl Seminar - Requirements Science Society (GI), April - Septem- Capture, Documentation and - Member, Virtual Research Institute ber 1999 Validation, Requirements Engineer- on Validation of AI Systems (VAIS), ing, June 1999 since 1997 - Management Board Member, German Computer Science Society Knauber, P.: - PC Member, European Workshop on (GI), Department of Artificial Intelli- Case-Based Reasoning EWCBR, gence, since September 1999 - PC Member, SCI/ISAS ’99 since 1998 - PhD Committee Member, Depart- Müller, W.: - PC Member, European Conference ment of Computer Science, Univer- on Machine Learning ECML, since sity of Delft, April 1999 - PC Member, International Confer- 1999 ence on Case-Based Reasoning Atkinson, C.: ICCBR ’99, Workshop Case-Based - PC Member, German Conference on Reasoning Strategies for Building Knowledge-Based Systems XPS’99, - General Chair, EDOC ’99, 1999 and Maintaining Corporate Memo- Knowledge Management and ries held in conjunction with the Organizational Management, March - PC Member, UML ’99, 1999 ICCBR ’99, Munich, July 1999 1999 Bomarius, F.: - PC Member, Software Engineering - PC Member, International Confer- and Knowledge Engineering, ence on Software Engineering and - Organizer, SEKE’99, Workshop SEKE’99, Workshop Learning Knowledge Engineering SEKE’99, Learning Software Organization Software Organization held in Workshop Learning Software held in conjunction with the SEKE conjunction with the SEKE 99, Organization held in conjunction 99, Kaiserslautern, June 1999 Kaiserslautern, June 1999 with the SEKE 99, Kaiserslautern, June 1999 - PC Member, ICCBR’99, Workshop Oivo, M.: Case-Based Reasoning Strategies for - Program Chair, International Confer- Building and Maintaining Corporate - PC Co-Chair, International Confer- ence on Case-Based Reasoning Memories held in conjunction with ence on Product Focused Software ICCBR’99, July 1999 the ICCBR ’99, Munich Process Improvement (Profes ’99)
- PC Member, International Confer- - PC Member, CONQUEST‘99 - PC Member, Eleventh International ence on Case-Based Reasoning Conference on Software Engineer- ICCBR’99, Practical Case-Based Girard, J.-F.: ing and Knowledge Engineering Reasoning Strategies for Building (SEKE ’99) Corporate Memories, July 1999 - PC Member, ICSM’99 - International Conference On Software Mainte- nance, since 1999
82 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Professional Contributions
- PC Member, Seventh European - Member, Technologiebeirat, Rhein- Verlage, M.: Workshop on Software Process land-Pfalz, Mainz, since 1994 Technology (EWSPT-7) - Organization, 6. Workshop der GI- - Member of the Supervisory Board of Fachgruppe 5.1.1, “Vorgehensmod- - PC Member, Euromicro ’99 the German National Research elle, Prozessverbesserung und Center for Information Technology Qualitätsmanagement”,19 - 20 - PC Member, European Conference (GMD), since 1996 April 1999 on Software Quality in year 2002 - Member, Advisory Board of Q-Labs, Tautz, C.: - Organizing Chair, Annual ISERN ’99 Oulu, Finland, since 1996 Meeting, Annual Meeting of the - Organization Committee Member, International Software Engineering - Head of Scientific Advisory Board, International Conference on Case- Network SWA Software Akademie AG, Based Reasoning ICCBR ’99, Kaiserslautern, since 1998 Paech, B.: - Workshop on Practical Case-Based - Senior Member, Institute of Electri- Reasoning Strategies for Building - PC Member, Modellierung ’99, cal and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and Maintaining Corporate Memo- March 1999 since 1996 ries, July 27-30 1999
- PC Member, UML ’99, 1999 - Member, Advisory Board of ‘Arbeits- - PC Member, International Journal gemeinschaft der Bayrischen Forsc- on Human Computer Studies, - Session Chair, HCI ’99, Workshop: hungsverbünde’, München, since Special Issue on Organizational Synergy of Requirements and User 1999 Memory and Knowledge Manage- Documentation and Modeling, ment, 1999 August 1999 - Member, Scientific Board of EXPO 2000, since 1998 Pfahl, D.: - Member, Stiftungsrat ‘Wipprecht’, - PC Member, Software Process Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaisers- Simulation Modeling Workshop lautern (ProSim ’99), March - June 1999 - Steering Committee Member, Rombach, D.: Metrics ’99, Sixth International Symposium on Software Metrics, - Session Chair, SQM’99, Software Boca Raton, Florida, USA Qualitätsmanagement, April 1999 Ruhe, G.: - Steering Committee Member, International Conference on Soft- - PC Member, Profes’99 ware Engineering, ICSE’99 - PC Chair, SEKE’99 - General Chair, Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Scott, L.: SEKE’99,16-19 June 1999 - Organising Committee Member, - General Chair, Product Focused First International Symposium on Improvement for Embedded Soft- Constructing Software Engineering ware Processes, Profes’99, 22-24 Tools, May 1999 June 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 83 Professional Contributions
Atkinson, C.: Key Notes Presentations Dimension of Component Based Development Conference, WCOP ’99 Knauber, P.: Althoff, K.: (ECOOP ’99), Lisbon, Portugal, 14 June Can Software Product Lines Pay for An Application Implementing Reuse 1999 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises?, Concepts of the Experience Factory for SCI / ISAS ’99, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2 the Transfer of CBR System, Know- Bayer, J.: August 1999 How, Paper presentation, GWCBR’99/ Transitioning Legacy Assets to a Product XPS’99, Würzburg, Germany, 3 April Line Architecture, Conference ESEC/FSE Rombach, D.: 1999 ’99, Toulouse, France, 06 - 10 Septem- Software Experience Factory: Basis für ber 1999 beschleunigte Prozessverbesserung GI- Althoff, K.: Workshop, ‘Vorgehensmodelle’, Using Case-Based Reasoning to Build Becker-Kornstaedt, U.: Kaiserslautern, Germany, 19 April 1999 Learning Software Organizations, Der V-Modell-Guide: Web-basierte Invited Talk, University of Delft, Depart- Unterstützung eines Prozess-Standards, Rombach, D.: ment of Computer Science Delft, The Talk, GI-Workshop, Gesellschaft f. Product Focused Software Process Netherlands, 6 April 1999 Informatik, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 20 Improvement, PROFES’99, Oulu, April 1999 Finland, 23 June 1999 Althoff, K.: Case-Based Information Systems for Becker-Kornstaedt, U.: Rombach, D.: Supporting Knowledge Management The V-Modell-Guide: Experience with a Experimental Software Engineering, and Organizational Learning, Invited Web-based Process Support, Talk, KKIO’99 Conference, First National Talk, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Software Technology and Engineering Software Engineering Conference, Germany, 7 May 1999 Practice, Pittsburgh, USA, 1 September Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, 11-13 Octo- 1999 ber 1999 Althoff, K.: Knowledge Maintenance, Panel discus- Beitz, A.: Rombach, D.: sion, SEKE’99, Kaiserslautern, Germany, A Business Focus to Assessments, Paper Experimentation: Engine for Applied 17 June 1999 presentation, SPI ’99, Barcelona, Spain, Research and Technology Transfer in 1 December 1999 Software Engineering Althoff, K.: NASA’s SEL-Workshop, NASA, Green- Intelligent Retrieval of Software Engi- Beitz, A.: belt, USA, 1-3 December 1999 neering Experienceware, Paper presen- SPICE Trials Phase 3 Begins, Talk, DIN tation, SEKE’100, Kaiserslautern, NI-7, Köln, Germany, 16 September Germany, 18 June 1999 1999
Althoff, K.: Beitz, A.: Using Case-Based Reasoning for The SPICE Trials, Talk, DIN NI-7, Köln, Supporting Continuous Improvement Germany, 9 February 1999 Processes, Paper presentation, FGML’99/LWA’99, Magdeburg, Germa- Birk, A.: ny, 28 September 1999 Methodological Concepts for Product- Focused SPI, Industrieseminar, SPIder Atkinson, C.: Plenary Session on Product-Focused Dimension of Component-Based Process Improvement SPIder - The Software Engineering, Presentation, Dutch Software Process Improvement ABB, Heidelberg, 12 November 1999 Network, Vught, The Netherlands, 8 February 1999 Atkinson, C.: Research on OOA/D at the University of Kaiserslautern and IESE, Talk, SD&M, Frankfurt, Germany, 16 April 1999
84 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Professional Contributions
Birk, A.: Birk, A., Müller, W.: Freimut, B., Wieczorek, I.: The PROFES Methodology for Product Produktbezogenes Verbessern von Cost and Quality Measurement in Focused Process Improvement, Confer- Software-Entwicklungsprozessen, Practice, Conference Tutorial, QWE ’99, ence, Software-Qualitätsmanagement Industrieseminar, Robert- Bosch Brussels, Belgium, 2 November 1999 1999 (SQM’99), Köln, Germany, 29 Schwieberdingen, Germany, 16 Sep- April 1999 tember 1999 Gacek, C.: IESE’s plans for ESAPS, Presentation, D- Birk, A.: Birk, A.: ESAPS Kickoff Meeting, Siemens, Applications of Knowledge Acquisition Benefit and Cost of Goal-Oriented Munich, Germany, 12 August 1999 in Experimental Software Engineering, Measurement in Software Engineering, Workshop, 11th European Workshop Universitätsseminar, Helsinki University Gacek, C.: on Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, 21 IESE’s plans for ESAPS, Presentation, and Management (EKAW’99), Dag- October 1999 ESAPS Kickoff Philips, Eindhoven, stuhl, Netherlands, 15 September 1999 Germany, 29 May 1999 Birk, A.: Steering Software Process Improvement Gacek, C.: Birk, A.: Towards Better Product and Service Architecture Related Work, Presenta- A Knowledge Management Lifecycle Quality, Industrieseminar, tion, ESAPS Collaborations Exploration, for Experience Packages on Software Ericsson Finland, Jorvas, Finland, 22 FhG IESE, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 21 Engineering Technologies October 1999 September 1999 Workshop, the Workshop on Learning Software Organizations (LSO’99), Bomarius, F.: Gacek, C.: Kaiserslautern, Germany, Vorgehensmodelle, Audits, Assess- Automatically Detecting Mismatches 16 June 1999 ments lösen nicht die eigentlichen during Component-Based and Model- Probleme der Software-Entwicklung, Based Development, Conference, The Birk, A.: Panel discussion, Workshop GI FG Fourteenth IEEE International Confer- Product-Driven Process Improvement 5.1.1, Gesellschaft für Informatik, ence on Automated Software Engineer- Using PROFES Improvement Methodol- Kaiserslautern, Germany, April 1999 ing (ASE’99), Cocoa Beach, Florida, ogy, Tutorial, 11th International Confer- USA, 15 October 1999 ence on Software Engineering and Bomarius, F.: Knowledge Engineering (SEKE’99), From Experience Databases to Learning Gacek, C.: Kaiserslautern, Germany, 16 June 1999 Software Organizations, Panel discus- ESAPS IESE Status Update, Presenta- sion, SEKE ’99, Workshop Learning tion, 2nd D-ESAPS Workshop, Robert Birk, A.: Software Organizations, Kaiserslautern, Bosch GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany, 19 Studying Large-Scale Processes in Germany, 18 June 1999 November 1999 Industrial Settings, Workshop, Annual Meeting of the International Software Bunse, C.: Gacek, C.: Engineering Research Network (IS- Improving quality of object-oriented Megaprogramming and Architectural ERN’99), Oulu, Finland, 20 June 1999 software: Systematic Refinement & Mismatches, Conference, 12th Interna- Translation of models to code tional Conference on Software & Birk, A.: Conference 12th international Confer- Systems Engineering and their Applica- A Validation Approach for Product- ence on Software Systems Engineering tions (ICSSEA ’99), Paris, France, 09 Focused Process Improvement, Confer- and their Applications (ICSSEA ’99) December 1999 ence, International Conference on Paris France Dec. 99 Product-Focused Process Improvement Girard, J.-F.: (PROFES’99), Oulu, Finland, 23 June Bunse, C.: Transitioning Legacy Assets to a Product 1999 The Normal Object Form: Bridging the Line Architecture Conference ESEC/FSE gap from Models to Code, Conference, ’99 Toulouse France 06. - 10.9.99 UML ’99, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 28-30 Oct. 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 85 Professional Contributions
Girard, J.-F.: Knauber, P.: Laitenberger, O.: Reengineering at IESE: An Overview, PuLSE - A Product Line Approach for Generalizing Perspective-based Inspec- Presentation, DaimlerChrysler, Ulm, Reuse, Workshop, SFB 501, University tion to handle Object-Oriented Devel- Germany, 12 May 1999 of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, opment Artifacts Conference, ISCE ’99, Germany, 22 - 23 February 1999 Los Angeles, CA, USA, May 1999 Göpfert, B.: Aufbau, Dienstleistungsspektrum und Knauber, P.: Laitenberger, O.: organisatorische Einbindung des IESE Software-Produktlinien mit PuLSE in der Presentation, RE-Arbeitskreis, Daimler- Informations-Services, Praxisbericht, Praxis, Presentation, DaimlerChrysler, Chrysler, Ulm, Germany, April 1999 Arbeitstagung der FhG-Bibliotheken, Ulm, Germany, 22 April 1999 Dortmund, Germany, 12 October 1999 Laitenberger, O.: Knauber, P.: Inspection Seminar, STI, April 1999 Hamann, D.: Software Varianten entwickeln u. The Role of GQM in the PROFES Managen, Presentation, STI Seminar Muthig, D.: Improvement Methodology, Confer- “Software Variantenbildung”, STI, Customizable Domain Analysis, Paper ence, CONQUEST ’99 (International Kaiserslautern, Germany, 3 May 1999 presentation, GCSE ’99, Erfurt, Germa- Conference on Quality Engineering In ny, 30 September 1999 SW-Technologies 1999), Nürnberg, Knauber, P.: Germany, September 1999 Software-Produktlinien-Entwicklung Muthig, D.: und Software-Reengineering, Presenta- Decision Model: One way to guide Kamsties, E.: tion, DaimlerChrysler, Ulm, Germany, reuse, PhD Session-Young Researchers Eine vergleichende Fallstudie mit CASE- 12 May 1999 Workshop, GCSE ’99, Erfurt, Germany, Werkzeugen für objektorientierte und 28 September 1999 funktionale Modellierungstechniken, Knauber, P.: Conference, OMER ’99, Herrsching, PuLSE - A Methodology to Develop Müller, W.: Germany, May 1999 Software Product Lines, Conference, Produktbezogenes Verbessern von SSR, Los Angeles, USA, 23 May 1999 Software-Entwicklungsprozessen Talk Kamsties, E.: Arbeitskreis Software-Qualitätsmanage- Eine vergleichende Fallstudie mit CASE- Knauber, P.: ment, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Werkzeugen für formale und semi- How to do Software Product Lines Germany, 16 September 1999 formale Beschreibungstechniken Right, Panel discussion, SEKE ’99, Conference FBT ’99, München, Germa- Conference, Kaiserslautern, Germany, Nick, M.: ny, June 1999 17 June 1999 Experience Factory: Managing Software Engineering Experience and Evaluating Kamsties, E.: Knauber, P.: Its Success, Invited Talk, University of Surfacing Ambiguity in Natural Lan- Synergy between Component-based Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 15 October guage Requirements Conference, ISRE and Generative Approaches, Confer- 1999 ’99, Limerick, Ireland, June 1999 ence, FSE/ESEC ’99, Toulouse, France, 06-10 September 1999 Nick, M.: Kamsties, E.: Facilitating the Practical Evaluation of Requirements Engineering am Fraun- Laitenberger, O.: Organizational Memories using the hofer IESE, Talk, InDOORS ’99, Munich, Quantitative Modeling of Software Goal-Question-Metric Technique, Germany, July 1999 Reviews in an Industrial Setting, Confer- Workshop, 12th Workshop on Knowl- ence, International Symposium on edge Acquisition, Modeling and Kamsties, E.: Software Metrics, Boca, Raton, USA, Management (KAW ’99), Banff, Alber- Surfacing Ambiguity in Natural Lan- November 1999 ta, Canada, 16 - 21 October 1999 guage Requirements, Talk, Seminar - Requirements Capture, Documentation, Validation, Dagstuhl, Germany, June - July 1999
86 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Professional Contributions
Nick, M.: Paech, B.: Rombach, D.: Practical Evaluation of an Organization- Introducing New Software Engineering Dokumentationsspezialisten im Soft- al Memory Using the Goal-Question- Technologies into Practice, Workshop warebereich, Talk, Information event Metric Technique, Workshop, Knowl- ”Rigorous Analysis and Design for regarding continuing education meas- edge Management, Organizational Software Intensive Systems”, Seminar, ures, Kaiserslautern, Germany, February Memory and Reuse at the Conference Dagstuhl, Germany, November 1999 1999 XPS-’99, Würzburg, Germany, 3-5 March 1999 Requirements Engineering - Wissens- Rombach, D.: management für Anforderungen Software-Entwicklung: Rolle von Ochs, M.: Conference, ISP ’99, Stuttgart, Germa- Dokumentation Talk SWA PRE-Park Modelling the Factors Driving the ny, November 1999 Kaiserslautern Germany February 1999 Quality of Meetings in the Software Development Process, Conference, Pfahl, D.: Rombach, D.: ESCOM/SCOPE ’99, Herstmonceaux Knowledge Acquisition for Building OO-Anwendungsentwickler/-in im Castle, United Kingdom, April 1999 System Dynamics Simulation Models: Bereich Finanzdienstleistungen Talk An Experience Report from Software SWA PRE-Park Kaiserslautern Germany Oivo, M.: Industry, Conference, SEKE ’99, Kaisers- March 1999 Establishing Product Process Dependen- lautern, Germany, 16-19 June 1999 cies in SPI, in the Proceedings of Rombach, D.: European Software Engineering Process Pfahl, D.: Innovationen im Software-Entwicklung- Group Conference 1999, Conference, Using Simulation for Assessing the Real sprozess - Anforderungsprofile und European SEPG99, Amsterdam, Nether- Impact of Test Coverage on Defect Schlüsselfähigkeiten, Talk, Bosch lands, 7-10 June 1999 Coverage, Conference, ISSRE ’99, Boca Telecom GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany, Raton, Florida, USA, 1 - 4 Nov 1999 March 1999 Paech, B.: Vorschlag für eine handlungsorientierte Pfahl, D.; Ochs, M.: Rombach, D.: Modellierungsveranstaltung Confer- Cost and Quality Measurement in Sicherheitsanforderungen beim elektro- ence, Mod ’99, Karlsruhe, Germany, Practice: An Integrated Approach, nischen Geschäftsverkehr, Talk, 10. 10-12 March 1999 Conference Tutorial, SPI ’99, Barcelona, Technologie-Forum Pfalz, Kaiserslau- Spain, 30 November 1999 tern, Germany, March 1999 Paech, B.: Presentation, SEMA Group, Mainz, Rombach, D.: Rombach, D.: Germany, 18 March 1999 Informationstechnik in zukünftigen Produktbezogene Prozessoptimierung, Berufsbildern, Talk ,”Vom Studium in Session Chair, SQM’99, Gesellschaft für Paech, B.: den Beruf”, series of talks, University of Software-Qualitätssicherung mbH, SQS, Presentation, RE-Arbeitskreis, Daimler- Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germa- Köln, Germany, April 1999 Chrysler, Ulm, Germany, April 1999 ny, January 1999 Rombach, D.: Paech, B.: Rombach, D.: Einführung objekt-orientierter SW- RE-Gruppe, DaimlerChrysler, Ulm, Fraunhofer IESE: - Entwicklung und Entwicklung: Erwartungen, Auswirkun- Germany, April 1999 Bedeutung für die Region, Talk, Visit by gen & Einführungsstrategie, Talk, SPD state parliament group and MP Kaiserslautern, Germany, April 1999 Paech, B.: Beck, PRE-Park, Kaiserslautern, Germa- Project Memories: Integrating Knowl- ny, January 1999 Rombach, D.: edge and Requirements Management Software-Akademie, Talk, SWA-Vor- Conference, REFSQ ’99, Heidelberg, standssitzung, SWA, PRE-Park, Kaisers- Germany, 14 June 1999 lautern, Germany, July 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 87 Professional Contributions
Rombach, D.: Rombach, D.: Ruhe, G.: Innovationen im Software Entwicklung- Experimental Software Engineering Ausbau von Software-Kompetenz: Das sprozess, Seminar Robert-Bosch Kolleg, Colloquium, Nara Institute of Science IESE Angebot für Weiterbildung und Robert- Bosch, Stuttgart, Germany, and Technology, Nara, Japan, 11 Training Workshop, Bosch, Frankfurt, June 1999 October 1999 Germany, 15 September 1999
Rombach, D.: Rombach, D.: Ruhe, G.: Lernen und Arbeiten - Medienkompe- Experimental Software Engineering Experience Factory-Based Professional tenz als Schlüsselqualifikation, Talk, Colloquium, Osaka University, Graduate Education and Training Workshop, Multimediakongress- Vorsprung für School of Engineering Science, Osaka, Kolloquium, Hagen, Germany, 14 Rheinland-Pfalz, Multimediainitiative Japan, 12 November 1999 September 1999 Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz, Germany, September 1999 Rombach, D.: Ruhe, G.: The Fraunhofer: The German Model for Die Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e. V - The Rombach, D.: Academia/Industry Collaboration, Talk, Fraunhofer IESE Workshop, Kollo- Technologie- und Wirtschaftsstandort/ NAIST Foundation, quium, Sydney, Australia, 12 August Förderung des Mittelstands, Anhörung Kansai Industry Association, Osaka, 1999 Ausschuss für Wirtschaft und Verkehr Japan, 16 November 1999 des Landtags, RLP, Mainz, Germany, 16 Ruhe, G.: September 1999 Rombach, D.: How to Make Sense of Empirical Software Experience Factory ‘how to do Software Engineering Data - An Rombach, D.: it’ Guide, Industry Seminar, Software Integrated Approach Workshop, Continuous Improvement of Software Engineering Association Australia (SEA), Kolloquium, Sydney, Australia, 12 Development Competence: Prerequisite Sydney Australia, 22 November 1999 August 1999 for Future Competitiveness, Talk, University of New South, Wales, Ruhe, G.: Ruhe, G.: Kensington, New South Wales, Austral- Experience Factory, Software QM, and Systematische Qualitätsverbesserung ia, November 1999 WEB-Based Training Conference, durch explizite Wiederverwendung von STJA’99, Erfurt, Germany, 30 Septem- Software-Entwicklungs Know-how Rombach, D.: ber 1999 Workshop, Transit, Erfurt, Germany, 15 Director’s Report, Talk, 4th Kuratorium July 1999 Meeting, FhG IESE, Kaiserslautern, Ruhe, G.: Germany, 19 September 1999 Experience Factory-Based Professional Ruhe, G.: Education and Training Workshop, Software Engineering Education and Rombach, D.: Schlumberger, Paris, France, 22 Sep- Training: Current Deficits and the Technologie- und Wirtschaftsstandort/ tember 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Approach Förderung des Mittelstands, Talk, Panel, SEKE’99, Kaiserslautern, Germa- Anhörung des Ausschusses für Wirt- Ruhe, G.: ny, 17 June 1999 schaft und Verkehr, Landtag RLP, Coronet, Workshop, European Com- Mainz, Germany, 16 September 1999 mission, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 21 Ruhe, G.: September 1999 Softwareprozessverbesserung nach Rombach, D.: dem SPICE-Ansatz Workshop, Manage- Software Process Improvement: Prereq- Ruhe, G.: ment-Briefing, Stuttgart, Germany, 8 uisite for Future Competitiveness, Talk, Corporate Software Engineering June 1999 SEC-seminar, SEC-Meeting, Zurich, Knowledge Networks for Improved Switzerland, 29 September 1999 Training of the Work-Force Ruhe, G.: Kuratorium, Kaiserslautern, Germany, Wissensmanagement und Lernende 17 September 1999 Organisation Workshop, DIZ Technolo- giekollogium, Bingen, Germany, 29 April 1999
88 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Professional Contributions
Ruhe, G.: Tautz, C.: Zettel, J.: Ausbau von Software-Kompetenz: Das Improving Organizational Memories Support for the Process Engineer: The IESE Angebot für Weiterbildung und through User Feedback, Workshop, SPEARMINT Approach to Software Training Workshop, Treffen der Regi- Learning Software Organizations at Process Definition and Process Guid- otec-Partner, Kaiserslautern, Germany, SEKE ’99, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 16- ance, Conference, CAiSE ’99, Heidel- 9 April 1999 19 June 1999 berg, Germany, 16 - 18 June 1999
Ruhe, G.: Tautz, C.: Experience Factory-Based Professional Managing Software Engineering Education and Training, Workshop, Experience for Comprehensive Reuse CSEE&T’99, New Orleans, USA, 22 Conference, SEKE ’99, Kaiserslautern, March 1999 Germany, 16-19 June 1999
Ruhe, G.: Wieczorek, I.: How to Make Sense of Empirical An Assessment and Comparison of Software Engineering Data - An Inte- Common Software Cost Estimation grated Approach Workshop, Software Models, Conference, Paper Presenta- Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, USA, tion, ICSE ’99, Los Angeles, California, 19 March 1999 USA, May 1999
Ruhe, G.: Wieczorek, I.: How to Make Sense of Empirical An overview and comparison of com- Software Engineering Data - An Inte- mon cost estimation methods, Talk, grated Approach Workshop, Carnegie DaimlerChrysler Forschung und Tech- Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA, 17 nik, Ulm, Germany, 9 June 1999 March 1999 Wieczorek, I.: Schmid, K.: Modellierung und Schätzung von A Systematic Approach to Derive the Kosten Industrieseminar, DaimlerChrys- Scope of Software Product Lines, ler, Stuttgart, Germany, 20 July 1999 Conference, ICSE ’99, Los Angeles, California, USA, May 1999 Wieczorek, I.: Cost Modeling and Estimation, Work- Scott, L.: shop Tutorial, Software Project Risk A Multi-layer Multi-View Architecture Management and Cost Estimation, for SEEs, Paper presentation, COSET INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 20 ’99, Los Angeles, California, USA, May September 1999 ’99 Würthner, M.: Surmann, D.: Projekt Bauhaus - Interaktive und Messbasierte Qualitätsverbesserung, inkrementelle Wiedergewinnung von (SoftQuali) Session, SQM’99, Gesells- SW-Architekturen Workshop, Work- chaft für Software-Qualitätssicherung shop Software Reengineering, Bad mbH, SQS, Köln, Germany, 28-30 April Honnef, Germany, 27-28 May 1999 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 89 Scientific Publications
Rombach, D.: Mawson Lakes, University of South Articles in Books Sichere Software, Interview Australia. School of Computer and In: Fraunhofer-Magazin (1999), no. 3, Information Science, 1999 Names of Fraunhofer IESE and FC-MD members appear in bold. pp.30-31 ISBN 0-86803-629-3, VI, 178 pp. ISSN 0937-2970 Althoff, K.-D.; Richter, M.M.: Althoff, K.-D.; Birk, A.; Hartkopf, S.; Similarity and Utility in Non-Numerical Wood, M.; Daly, J.; Miller, J.; Müller, W.; Nick, M.; Surmann, D.; Domains Roper, M.: Tautz, C.: In: Gaul, W.; Schader, M.: Mathema- Multi-method research. An empirical Managing Software Engineering tische Methoden der Wirtschaftswis- investigation of object-oriented tech- Experience for Comprehensive Reuse senschaften. Festschrift für Otto Opitz nology (International Conference on Software Heidelberg; Physica-Verlag, 1999 In: The Journal of Systems and Soft- Engineering and Knowledge Engineer- ISBN 3-7908-1208-0, pp.403-413 ware 48 (1999), no.1, pp.13-26, ing SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaiserslautern) ISSN 0164-1212 SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- ence on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Articles in Journals Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Conference Proceedings 1999 Briand, L.C.; Daly, J.; Wüst, J.: ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.10-19 A Unified Framework for Coupling Althoff, K.-D.; Bergmann, R.; Measurement in Object-Oriented Branting, L.K.: Althoff, K.-D.: Systems Case-Based Reasoning Research and Panel on Knowledge Maintenance. In: IEEE Transactions on Software Development. Third International Does Meta Knowledge Complicates Engineering 25 (1999), no.1, pp.91- Conference on Case-Based Reasoning. KM? The CBR Perspective (International 121, ISSN 0098-5589 Proceedings (International Conference Conference on Software Engineering on Case-Based Reasoning ICCBR), 3, and Knowledge Engineering SEKE), 11, Deifel, B.; Hinkel, U.; Paech, B.; Scholz, 1999, München) 1999, Kaiserslautern) P.; Thurner, V.: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1999 SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- Die Praxis der Softwareentwicklung. (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence) ence on Software Engineering and Eine Erhebung (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Knowledge Engineering In: Informatik-Spektrum 22 (1999), 1650) Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, no.1, pp.24-36, ISSN 0170-6012 ISBN 3-540-66237-5, XII, 598 pp. 1999 ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.405 Girard, J.-F.; Koschke, R.; Bomarius, F.; Schied, G.: Fraunhofer-Einrichtung für Experimen- Althoff, K.-D.; Nick, M.; Tautz, C.: A Metric-based Approach to Detect telles Software Engineering -IESE-, Improving Organizational Memories Abstract Data Types and State Encapsu- Kaiserslautern: Through User Feedback (Workshop on lations, In: Automated Software Engi- Workshop on Learning Software Learning Software Organizations, 1999, neering 6, October (1999), no.4, Organizations 1999. Proceedings Kaiserslautern) pp.357-386 (Workshop on Learning Software In: Bomarius, F.; Fraunhofer-Einrich- Organizations, 1999, Kaiserslautern) tung für Experimentelles Software Pfahl, D.; Lebsanft, K.: Kaiserslautern 1999, VIII, 126 pp. Engineering -IESE-, Kaiserslautern, Integration of System Dynamics Model- Workshop on Learning Software ling with Descriptive Process Modelling Gray, J.; Harvey, J.; Liu, A.; Scott, L.: Organizations 1999. Proceedings and Goal-Oriented Measurement First International Symposium on Kaiserslautern 1999, pp.27-44 In: The Journal of Systems and Soft- Construction Software Engineering ware 46 (1999), no.2/3, pp.135-150, Tools 1999. Proceedings (International ISSN 0164-1212 Symposium on Constructing Software Engineering Tools CoSet), 1, 1999, Los Angeles/Calif.)
90 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Scientific Publications
Althoff, K.-D.; Nick, M.; Tautz, C.: In: Association for Computing Machin- In: Kneuper, R.; Verlage, M.; Fraunhof- CBR-PEB: An Application Implementing ery -ACM-, Fifth Symposium on Soft- er-Einrichtung für Experimentelles Reuse Concepts of the Experience ware Reusability 1999 Software Engineering -IESE-, Kaiserslau- Factory for the Transfer of CBR System Los Angeles, ACM Press, 1999 tern, Vorgehensmodelle, Prozessver- Know-How (German Workshop on ISBN 1-58113-101-1, pp.122-131 besserung und Qualitätsmanagement Case-Based Reasoning GWCBR), 7, Stuttgart, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 1999 1999, Würzburg) Bayer, J.; Girard, J.-F.; Würthner, M.; ISBN 3-8167-5259-4, pp.51-59 In: Melis, E., 7th German Workshop on DeBaud, J.-M.; Apel, M.: Case-Based Reasoning 1999. GWC- Transitioning Legacy Assets to a Product Becker-Kornstaedt, U.; Verlage, M.: BR’99 Line Architecture: (European Software The V-Model Guide. Experience with a Würzburg 1999, pp.39-48 Engineering Conference ESEC), 7, Web-based Approach for Process 1999, Toulouse; Symposium on the Support: (International Workshop on Althoff, K.-D.; Bomarius, F.; Müller, Foundations of Software Engineering, Software Technology and Engineering W.; Nick, M.: 7, 1999, Toulouse) Practice STEP), 9, 1999, Pittsburgh/Pa.) Using Case-Based Reasoning for In: Nierstrasz, O.; Lemoine, M.; Associa- In: Tilley, PP.; Verner, J., Software Supporting Continuous Improvement tion for Computing Machinery -ACM-, Technology and Engineering Practice. Processes: (Gesellschaft für Informatik - Special Interest Group on Software Proceedings GI-, Fachgruppe 1.1.3 Maschinelles Engineering -SIGSOFT-, Software Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer Lernen (Treffen), 1999, Magdeburg) Engineering. Proceedings ESEC/FSE’99 Society, 1999 In: Perner, P.; Gesellschaft für Informatik Berlin, Springer, 1999 ISBN 0-7695-0328-4, pp.161-168 -GI-, Fachgruppe 1.1.3 Maschinelles (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Lernen; Institut für Bildverarbeitung 1687) Bicego, A.; Derks, P.; Kuvaja, P.; und angewandte Informatik -IBaI-: ISBN 3-540-66538-2, pp.446-463 Pfahl, D.: Maschinelles Lernen. FGML’99 Product Focused Process Improvement. Leipzig 1999 Becker-Kornstaedt, U.; Hamann, D.; Experiences of Applying the PROFES (IBaI Report), pp.54-61 Kempkens, R.; Rösch, P.; Verlage, M.; Improvement Methodology at Webby, R.; Zettel, J.: DRAeGER: (EUROMICRO European Ansorge, D.; Bergner, K.; Deifel, B.; Support for the Process Engineer. The Software Day, 1999, Milano) Hawlitzky, N.; Maier, C.; Paech, B.; SPEARMINT Approach to Software In: Chroust, G.; Grünbacher, P., EURO- Rausch, A.; Sihling, M.; Thurner, V.; Process Definition and Process Guid- MICRO’99. Proceedings of the Europe- Vogel, S.: ance: (International Conference on an Software Day 1999 Managing Componentware Develop- Advanced Information Systems Engi- Wien, Österreichische Computer ment. Software Reuse and the V-Model neering CAiSE), 11, 1999, Heidelberg) Gesellschaft, 1999 Process: (International Conference on In: Jarke, M.; Oberweis, A., Advanced ISBN 3-85403-199-8 Advanced Information Systems Engi- Information Systems Engineering. 11th neering CAiSE), 11, 1999, Heidelberg) International Conference CAiSE ’99. Birk, A.; Derks, P.; Elf-Mattila, M.; In: Jarke, M.; Oberweis, A., Advanced Proceedings Hirvensalo, J.; Solingen, R.v.: Information Systems Engineering. 11th Berlin, Springer, 1999 The PROFES Improvement Methodology International Conference CAiSE ’99. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; and Experience from its Industrial Proceedings 1626) Application: (SQM-Kongress, 4, 1999, Berlin, Springer, 1999 ISBN 3-540-66157-3, pp.119-133 Köln) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; In: SQS Gesellschaft für Software- 1626) Becker-Kornstaedt, U.: Qualitätssicherung mbH, 4. SQM- ISBN 3-540-66157-3, pp.134-148 Der V-Modell Guide. Web-basierte Kongress 1999. Software-Qualitäts- Unterstützung eines Prozess-Standards: management “Made in Germany” Bayer, J.; Flege, O.; Knauber, P.; (Gesellschaft für Informatik, Fach- Köln, 1999 Laqua, R.; Muthig, D.; Schmid, K.; gruppe 5.5.1 (Workshop), 6, 1999, ISBN 3-980-5073-3-5, 6 pp. Widen, T.; DeBaud, J.-M.: Kaiserslautern) PuLSE: A Methodology to Develop Software Product Lines: (Symposium on Software Reusability SSR), 5, 1999, Los Angeles/Calif.)
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 91 Scientific Publications
Birk, A.; Kroeschel, F.: In: IEEE Computer Society, Technical Briand, L.C.: A Knowledge Management Lifecycle Council on Software Engineering; Process Simulation Models. How can for Experience Packages on Software Association for Computing Machinery - they be used to support learning in Engineering Technologies: (Workshop ACM-, Special Interest Group on software organizations?: Position Paper. on Learning Software Organizations, Software Engineering -SIGSOFT-, (International Conference on Software 1999, Kaiserslautern) International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineer- In: Bomarius, F.; Fraunhofer-Einrichtung Engineering 1999. Proceeding. Prepar- ing SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaiserslautern) für Experimentelles Software Engineer- ing for the software century SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- ing -IESE-, Kaiserslautern, Workshop on New York, ACM Press, 1999 ence on Software Engineering and Learning Software Organizations 1999. ISBN 1-58113-074-0, pp.313-322 Knowledge Engineering Proceedings Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Kaiserslautern 1999, pp.115-126 Briand, L.C.; El Emam, K.; 1999 Wieczorek, I.: ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.246-247 Birk, A.; Surmann, D.; Althoff, K.-D.: Explaining the Cost of European Space Applications of Knowledge Acquisition and Military Projects: (International Briand, L.C.; Pfahl, D.: in Experimental Software Engineering: Conference on Software Engineering Using Simulation for Assessing the Real (European Workshop on Knowledge ICSE), 21, 1999, Los Angeles/Calif.) Impact of Test Coverage on Defect Acquisition, Modeling and Manage- In: IEEE Computer Society, Technical Coverage: (International Symposium on ment EKAW), 11, 1999, Schloss Dag- Council on Software Engineering; Software Reliability Engineering ISSRE), stuhl) Association for Computing Machinery - 10, 1999, Boca Raton/Fla.) In: Fensel, D.; Studer, R., Knowledge ACM-, Special Interest Group on In: IEEE Computer Society, 10th Inter- Acquisition, Modeling and Manage- Software Engineering -SIGSOFT-, national Symposium on Software ment. 11th European Workshop EKAW International Conference on Software Reliability Engineering 1999 ’99. Proceedings Engineering 1999. Proceeding. Prepar- Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer Berlin, Springer, 1999 ing for the software century Society, 1999 (Lecture notes in artificial intelligence) New York, ACM Press, 1999 ISBN 0-7695-0443-4, pp.148-157, Ill., (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; ISBN 1-58113-074-0, pp.303-312 Lit. 1621) ISBN 3-540-66044-5, pp.67-84 Briand, L.C.; Wüst, J.; Ikonomovski, S.; Briand, L.C.; Kempkens, R.; Ochs, M. Lounis, H.: A.; Verlage, M.; Lünenbürger, K.: Birk, A.; Järvinen, J.; Solingen, R.v.: Investigating Quality Factors in Object- Modelling the Factors Driving the A Validation Approach for Product- Oriented Designs. An Industrial Case Quality of Meetings in the Software Focused Process Improvement: (Interna- Study: (International Conference on Development Process: (European tional Conference on Product Focused Software Engineering ICSE), 21, 1999, Software Control and Metrics Confer- Software Process Improvement PRO- Los Angeles/Calif.) ence ESCOM), 10, 1999, Herstmon- FES), 1999, Oulu) In: IEEE Computer Society, Technical ceux; SCOPE Conference on Software In: Oivo, M.; Kuvaja, P., International Council on Software Engineering; Product Evaluation, 2, 1999, Herstmon- Conference on Product Focused Soft- Association for Computing Machinery - ceux) ware Process Improvement 1999 ACM-, Special Interest Group on In: Kusters, R.J.; Cowderoy, A.; Heem- Oulu, VTT Technical Research Centre of Software Engineering -SIGSOFT-, stra, F.; Veenendaal, E.v., Project Finland, 1999 International Conference on Software Control for Software Quality. Proceed- (VTT Symposium; 195) Engineering 1999. Proceedings, Prepar- ings of ESCOM SCOPE ’99 ISBN 951-38-5270-9, pp.29-48 ing for the software century Maastricht, Shaker, 1999 New York, ACM Press, 1999 ISBN 90-423-0075-2, pp.17-26 Briand, L.C.; El Emam, K.; Surmann, ISBN 1-58113-074-0, pp.345-354, Ill., D.; Wieczorek, I.; Maxwell, K.: Lit. Bunse, C.; Atkinson, C.: An Assessment and Comparison of The Normal Object Form. Bridging the Common Software Cost Estimation Gap from Models to Code: (Interna- Modeling Techniques: (International tional Conference on the Unified Conference on Software Engineering Modeling Language UML), 2, 1999, ICSE), 21, 1999, Los Angeles/Calif.) Fort Collins/Colo.)
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In: France, R.; Rumpe, B., The Unified SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- Järvinen, J.; Solingen, R.v.: Modeling Language: beyond the ence on Software Engineering and Establishing continuous assessment standard. Second International Confer- Knowledge Engineering using measurements: (International ence. Proceedings Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Conference on Product Focused Soft- Berlin, Springer, 1999 1999 ware Process Improvement PROFES), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.128-135 1999, Oulu) 1723) In: Oivo, M.; Kuvaja, P., International ISBN 3-540-66712-1, pp.675-690 Hamann, D.; Pfahl, D.; Järvinen, J.; Conference on Product Focused Soft- Solingen, R.v.: ware Process Improvement 1999 DeBaud, J.-M.; Schmid, K.: The Role of GQM in the PROFES Oulu, VTT Technical Research Centre of A Systematic Approach to Derive the Improvement Methodology: (Confer- Finland, 1999 Scope of Software Product Lines: ence on Quality Engineering in Soft- (VTT Symposium; 195) (International Conference on Software ware Technology, 3, 1999, Nürnberg; ISBN 951-38-5270-9, pp.49-67 Engineering ICSE), 21, 1999, Los Workshop on “Testing Non-Functional Angeles/Calif.) Software-Requirements”, 1999, Nürn- Jarzabek, PP.: In: IEEE Computer Society, Technical berg) Component Criteria for Information Council on Software Engineering; In: Arbeitskreis Software-Qualität System Families: (International Confer- Association for Computing Machinery - Franken e.V., CONQUEST’99. 3rd ence on Advanced Information Systems ACM-, Special Interest Group on Conference on Quality Engineering in Engineering CAiSE), 11, 1999, Heidel- Software Engineering -SIGSOFT-, Software Technology and VDE-ITG berg) International Conference on Software Workshop on “Testing Non-Functional In: Jarke, M.; Oberweis, A., Advanced Engineering 1999 Proceedings, Prepar- Software-Requirements”, pp.l., 1999 Information Systems Engineering. 11th ing for the software century ISBN 3-00-004774-3, pp.64-79 International Conference CAiSE ’99. New York, ACM Press, 1999 Proceedings ISBN 1-58113-074-0, pp.34-43 Houdek, F.; Bunse, C.: Berlin, Springer, 1999 Transferring Experience. A Practical (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Egyed, A.; Gacek, C.: Approach and its Application on 1626) Automatically Detecting Mismatches Software Inspections: (Workshop on ISBN 3-540-66157-3, pp.451-455 during Component-Based and Model- Learning Software Organizations, 1999, Based Development: (International Kaiserslautern) Jarzabek, PP.; Knauber, P.: Automated Software Engineering In: Bomarius, F.; Fraunhofer-Einrich- Synergy between Component-Based Conference ASE), 14, 1999, Cocoa tung für Experimentelles Software and Generative Approaches: (European Beach) Engineering -IESE-, Kaiserslautern, Software Engineering Conference In: IEEE Computer Society, 14th IEEE Workshop on Learning Software ESEC), 7, 1999, Toulouse; Symposium International Automated Software Organizations 1999. Proceedings on the Foundations of Software Engi- Engineering Conference 1999. Pro- Kaiserslautern 1999, pp.59-68 neering, 7, 1999, Toulouse) ceedings In: Nierstrasz, O.; Lemoine, M.; Associa- Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer Järvinen, J.; Hamann, D.; Solingen, tion for Computing Machinery -ACM-, Society, 1999 R.v.: Special Interest Group on Software ISBN 0-7695-0415-9, pp.191-198 On Integrating Assessment and Meas- Engineering -SIGSOFT-, Software urement. Towards Continuous Assess- Engineering. Proceedings ESEC/FSE’99 Gresse von Wangenheim, C.; ment of Software Engineering Process- Berlin, Springer, 1999 Althoff, K.-D.; Barcia, R.M.: es: (International Software Metrics (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Intelligent Retrieval of Software Engi- Symposium, 6, 1999, Boca Raton/Fla.) 1687) neering Experienceware: (International In: IEEE Computer Society, 6th Interna- ISBN 3-540-66538-2, pp.429-445 Conference on Software Engineering tional Software Metrics Symposium and Knowledge Engineering SEKE), 11, 1999 Proceedings 1999, Kaiserslautern) Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer Society, 1999 ISBN 0-7695-0403-5, pp.22-30
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Kamsties, E.: In: Spies, K.; Schaetz, B.; Gesellschaft Laitenberger, O.; Atkinson, C.: Surfacing Ambiguity in Natural Lan- für Informatik -GI-, Bonn; Information- Generalizing Perspective-based Inspec- guage Requirements: (International stechnische Gesellschaft -ITG-, Formale tion to handle Object-Oriented Devel- Symposium on Requirements Engineer- Beschreibungstechniken für verteilte opment Artifacts: (International Confer- ing, 4, 1999, Limerick) Systeme. 9. GI/ITG-Fachgespräch ence on Software Engineering ICSE), In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics FBT’99 21, 1999, Los Angeles/Calif.) Engineers -IEEE-, RE’99 Doctoral Aachen, Shaker, 1999 In: IEEE Computer Society, Technical Symposium and the Poster Session ISBN 3-89675-918-3, pp.103-112 Council on Software Engineering; 1999. Proceedings Association for Computing Machinery - Limerick, 1999, pp.51-55 Kempkens, R.; Rösch, P.; Scott, L.; ACM-, Special Interest Group on Zettel, J.: Software Engineering -SIGSOFT-, Kamsties, E.; Knethen, A. von; A Multi-Layer Multi-View Architecture International Conference on Software Philipps, J.; Schaetz, B.: for SEEs: (International Symposium on Engineering 1999 Proceedings, Prepar- Eine vergleichende Fallstudie mit CASE- Constructing Software Engineering ing for the software century Werkzeugen für objektorientierte und Tools CoSet), 1, 1999, Los Angeles/ New York, ACM Press, 1999 funktionale Modellierungstechniken: Calif.) ISBN 1-58113-074-0, pp.494-503 (Workshop on Object-Oriented Model- In: Gray, J.; Harvey, J.; Liu, A.; Scott, L., ling of Embedded Realtime (RT) Sys- First International Symposium on Laitenberger, O.; Leszak, M.; Stoll, D.; tems (OMER Workshop), 1, 1999, Construction Software Engineering El Emam, K.: Herrsching) Tools 1999. Proceedings Quantitative Modeling of Software In: Hofmann, P.; Schürr, A.; Univ. der Mawson Lakes, University of South Reviews in an Industrial Setting: (Inter- Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Australia. School of Computer and national Software Metrics Symposium, Informatik, Real-time systems OMER Information Science, 1999 6, 1999, Boca Raton/Fla.) Workshop Proceedings ISBN 0-86803-629-3, pp.109-117 In: IEEE Computer Society, 6th Interna- Neubiberg, 1999 tional Software Metrics Symposium (Universität der Bundeswehr München, Knauber, P.: 1999. Proceedings Fakultät für Informatik. Bericht; 1999- How to do Software Product Lines Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer 01), pp.131-136 Right: (International Conference on Society, 1999 Software Engineering and Knowledge ISBN 0-7695-0403-5, pp.312-322 Kamsties, E.: Engineering SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaisers- Requirements Engineering - Die Basis lautern) Lebsanft, K.; Pfahl, D.: für Software-Qualität: (Physikalisch- SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- Knowledge Acquisition for Building Technische Bundesanstalt (Seminar), ence on Software Engineering and System Dynamics Simulation Models, 144, 1999, Berlin) Knowledge Engineering An Experience Report from Software In: Richter, D.; Greif, N.; Physikalisch- Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Industry: (International Conference on Technische Bundesanstalt -PTB-, Braun- 1999 Software Engineering and Knowledge schweig, Softwarequalitätssicherung in ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.116-119 Engineering SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaisers- der Metrologie. Vorträge des 144. PTB- lautern) Seminars Knethen, A. von; Paech, B.: SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- Braunschweig, 1999 Reflections on the Object-Oriented ence on Software Engineering and (PTB-Bericht Informationstechnik; 6) Design of Embedded Systems: (Work- Knowledge Engineering ISBN 3-89701-319-3, pp.5-12 shop on Object-Oriented Modelling of Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Embedded Realtime (RT) Systems 1999 Kamsties, E.; Knethen, A. von; (OMER Workshop), 1, 1999, ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.378-387 Philipps, J.; Schaetz, B.: Herrsching) Eine vergleichende Fallstudie mit CASE- In: Hofmann, P.; Schürr, A.; Univ. der Werkzeugen für formale und semi- Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für formale Beschreibungstechniken: Informatik, Real-time system OMER Positionspapier. (Fachgespräch Formale Workshop Proceedings Beschreibungstechniken (FBT) für Neubiberg, 1999 Verteilte Systeme, 9, 1999, München) (Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Informatik. Bericht; 1999- 01), pp.27-31
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Maurer, F.; Dellen, B.; Holz, H.: Oivo, M.; Birk, A.; Komi-Sirvioe, PP.; Ruhe, G.: Process Support for Virtual Software Kuvaja, P.; Solingen, R.v.: Experience Factory-Based Professional Organizations: (International Confer- Establishing Product Process Dependen- Education and Training: (Conference on ence on Software Engineering and cies in SPI: (European Software Engi- Software Engineering Education and Knowledge Engineering SEKE), 11, neering Process Group Conference Training CSEE&T), 12, 1999, New 1999, Kaiserslautern) SEPG), 4, 1999, Amsterdam) Orleans/La.) SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- 4th Annual European Software Engi- In: Saiedian, H.; IEEE Computer Society, ence on Software Engineering and neering Process Group Conference 12th Conference on Software Engineer- Knowledge Engineering 1999, Delegate Materials ing Education and Training 1999, Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Amsterdam, 1999 Proceedings, 1999 Los Alamitos, Calif., IEEE Computer ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.175-179 Paech, B.: Society, 1999 Project Memories. Integrating Knowl- ISBN 0-7695-0131-1; 0-769, pp.62-72 Maurer, F.; Dellen, B.; Holz, H.: edge and Requirements Management: Process Support for Virtual Software Position Paper. (International Workshop Schmid, K.: Organizations: (Workshop on Learning on Requirements Engineering. Founda- An Economic Perspective on Product Software Organizations, 1999, Kaisers- tions on Software Quality REFSQ), 5, Line Software Development: (Workshop lautern) 1999, Heidelberg) on Economics-Driven Software Engi- In: Bomarius, F.; Fraunhofer-Einrich- In: Opdahl, A.L.; Pohl, K.; Dubois, E., neering Research EDSER), 1, 1999, Los tung für Experimentelles Software Fifth International Workshop on Angeles/Calif.) Engineering -IESE-, Kaiserslautern, Requirements Engineering 1999. First Workshop on Economics-Driven Workshop on Learning Software Foundations of Software Quality Software Engineering Research 1999 Organizations 1999. Proceedings Namur, Presses Universitaires De Namur, (EDSER-1). Position Papers Kaiserslautern 1999, pp.87-98 1999, pp.43-47 Los Angeles, Calif., 1999
Nick, M.; Althoff, K.-D.; Tautz, C.: Rombach, H.D.: Tautz, C.; Gresse von Wangenheim, C.: Facilitating the Practical Evaluation of The Software Experience Factory A Representation Formalism for Sup- Organizational Memories Using the Approach: (International Conference on porting Reuse of Software Engineering Goal-Question-Metric Technique: (Banff Software Engineering and Knowledge Knowledge: (Biannual German Confer- Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge- Engineering SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaisers- ence on Knowledge-Based Systems Based Systems Workshop, 12, 1999, lautern) XPS), 5, 1999, Würzburg) Banff) SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- In: Puppe, F.; Fensel, D.; Köhler, J.; In: Gaines, B.R.; Kremer, R.; Musen, M., ence on Software Engineering and Studer, R.; Wetter, T., 5th German 12th Banff Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge Engineering Conference on Knowledge-Based Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, Systems 1999. XPS-99 1999, Proceedings, Vol.2 1999 Würzburg, 1999, pp.61-70 Calgary, SRDG Publications, 1999 ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.203 Vierimaa, M.; Hamann, D.; Komi- Nick, M.; Tautz, C.: Ruhe, G.: Sirvioe, S.; Birk, A.; Järvinen, J.; Practical Evaluation of an Organization- Software Engineering Education and Kuvaja, P.: al Memory Using the Goal-Question- Training. Current Decificits and the Integrated Use of Software Assess- Metric Technique: (Biannual German Fraunhofer IESE Approach: Position ments and Measurements: (Internation- Conference on Knowledge-Based Paper. (International Conference on al Conference on Software Engineering Systems XPS), 5, 1999, Würzburg) Software Engineering and Knowledge and Knowledge Engineering SEKE), 11, In: Puppe, F., XPS-99. Knowledge-Based Engineering SEKE), 11, 1999, Kaisers- 1999, Kaiserslautern) Systems, Survey and Future Directions lautern) SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- Proceedings SEKE ’99, 11th International Confer- ence on Software Engineering and Berlin, Springer, 1999 ence on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (Lecture notes in artificial intelligence) Knowledge Engineering Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Skokie, Knowledge Systems Institute, 1999 1570) 1999 ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.83-87 ISBN 3-540-65658-8, pp.138-147 ISBN 1-891706-01-2, pp.93-94
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Birk, A.; Hamann, D.; Pfahl, D.; Briand, L.C.; Pfahl, D.: IESE Reports Järvinen, J.; Oivo, M.; Vierimaa, M.; Using Simulation for Assessing the Real Solingen, R.v.: Impact of Test Coverage on Defect Tautz, C.: The Role of GQM in the PROFES Coverage Towards Engineering Similarity Func- Improvement Methodology IESE-Report; 0018.99/E, VII, 20 pp. tions for Software Engineering Experi- IESE-Report; 034.99/E, VII, 27 pp. ence Bunse, C.; Atkinson, C.: IESE-Report; 064.99/E, VIII, 16 pp. Birk, A.; Järvinen, J.; Solingen, R.v.: Improving Quality in Object-Oriented A Validation Approach for Product- Software. Systematic Refinement and Althoff, K.-D.; Nick, M.; Tautz, C.: Focused Process Improvement Translation of Models to Code Improving Organizational Memories IESE-Report; 005.99/E, VII, 24 pp. IESE-Report; 036.99/E, VIII, 26 pp. through User Feedback IESE-Report; 004.99/E, VIII, 26 pp. Briand, L.C.; Freimut, B.; Vollei, F.: Bunse, C.; Atkinson, C.: Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of The Normal Object Form. Bridging the Althoff, K.-D.; Birk, A.; Hartkopf, S.; Inspections by Combining Project Data Gap from Models to Code Müller, W.; Nick, M.; Surmann, D.; and Expert Opinion IESE-Report; 035.99/E, VIII, 20 pp. Tautz, C.: IESE-Report; 070.99/E, VII, 26 pp. Managing Software Engineering El Emam, K.; Laitenberger, O.; Experience for Comprehensive Reuse Briand, L.C.; Bunse, C.; Daly, J.: Harbich, T.: IESE-Report; 001.99/E, VIII, 28 pp. A Controlled Experiment for Evaluating The Application of Subjective Estimates Quality Guidelines on the Maintainabili- of Effectiveness to Controlling Software Assmann, D.; Zettel, J.: ty of Object-Oriented Design Docu- Inspections Ein Werkzeug für die halbautomatische ments IESE-Report; 031.99/E, VIII, 41 pp. Generierung von Fragebögen zur Web- IESE-Report; 002.99/E, VII, 40 pp. basierten Datenerfassung El Emam, K.; Laitenberger, O.: IESE-Report; 069.98/D, VIII, 146 pp. Briand, L.C.; Arisholm, E.; Counsell, S.; Evaluating Capture-Recapture Models Houdek, F.; Thevenod-Fosse, P.: with Two Inspectors Becker-Kornstaedt, U.; Webby, R.: Empirical Studies of Object-Oriented IESE-Report; 030.99/E, VIII, 54 pp. A Comprehensive Schema Integrating Artifacts, Methods, and Processes. Software Process Modeling and Soft- State of the Art and Future Directions El Emam, K.; Birk, A.:, ware Measurement IESE-Report; 037.99/E, V, 22 pp. Validating the ISO/IEC 15504 Measure IESE-Report; 047.99/E, VIII, 28 pp. of Software Requirements Analysis Briand, L.C.; Morasca, S.; Basili, V.R.: Process Capability Becker-Kornstaedt, U.: An Operational Process for Goal-Driven IESE-Report; 003.99/E, VIII, 64 pp. Der V-Model Guide. Web-basierte Definition of Measures Unterstützung eines Prozess-Standards IESE-Report; 017.99/E, VIII, 46 pp. Houdek, F.; Bunse, C.: IESE-Report; 023.99/D, VIII, 14 pp.. Transferring Experience: A Practical Briand, L.C.; Langley, T.; Wieczorek, Approach and its Application on Bicego, A.; Derks, P.; Kuvaja, P.; Pfahl, I.: Software Inspections D.: A replicated Assessment and Compari- IESE-Report; 008.99/E, VII, 23 pp. Product Focused Process Improvement: son of Common Software Cost Mode- Experiences of Applying the PROFES ling Techniques Kempkens, R.; Rösch, P.; Scott, L.; Improvement Methodology at Dräger IESE-Report; 073.99/E, VIII, 25 pp. Zettel, J.: Medical Technology A Multi-Layer Multi-View Architecture IESE-Report; 050.99/E, VII, 15 pp.. Briand, L.C.; Wüst, J.; Lounis, H.: for SEEs Using Coupling Measurement for IESE-Report; 025.99/E, VIII, 20 pp. Birk, A.; Kröschel, F.: Impact Analysis in Object-Oriented A Knowledge Management Lifecycle Systems Laitenberger, O.; Leszak, M.; Stoll, for Experience Packages on Software IESE-Report; 010.99/E, VII, 18 pp. D.; El Emam, K.: Engineering Technologies Evaluating a Model for Review Success IESE-Report; 007.99/E, VIII, 28 pp. Factors in an Industrial Setting IESE-Report; 028.99/E, VIII, 22 pp.
96 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Scientific Publications
Laitenberger, O.; El Emam, K.; Briand, L.C.; Wüst, J.; Lounis, H.: Harbich, T.: Other Reports Using Coupling Measurement for An Internally Replicated Quasi-Experi- Impact Analysis in Object-Oriented mental Comparison of Checklist and Oivo, M.; Kuvaja, P.: Systems Perspective-based Reading of Code International Conference on Product Kaiserslautern 1999 Documents Focused Software Process Improvement ISERN Technical Report; 99-03, 8 pp. IESE-Report; 006.99/E, VIII, 74 pp. 1999: International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Briand, L.C.; Pfahl, D.: Lebsanft, K.; Pfahl, D.: Improvement PROFES 1999, Oulu Using Simulation for Assessing the Real Knowledge Acquisition for Building Oulu : VTT Technical Research Centre of Impact of Test Coverage on Defect System Dynamics Simulation Models. Finland, 1999 Coverage An Experience Report from Software VTT Symposium; 195 Kaiserslautern 1999 Industry ISBN 951-38-5270-9, 662 pp. ISERN Technical Report; 99-05, 12 pp. IESE-Report; 012.99/E, VII, 26 pp. Birk, A.; Hamann, D.; Pfahl, D.; El Emam, K.; Laitenberger, O.; Morasca, S.; Ruhe, G.: Järvinen, J.; Oivo, M.; Vierimaa, M.; Harbich, T.: A Hybrid Approach to Analyze Empiri- Solingen, R.v.: The Application of Subjective Estimates cal Software Engineering Data and its The Role of GQM in the PROFES of Effectiveness to Controlling Software Application Predict Module Fault- Improvement Methodology Inspections proneness in Maintenance Kaiserslautern 1999 Kaiserslautern 1999 IESE-Report; 026.99/E, VII, 26 pp. ISERN Technical Report; 99-11, 15 pp. ISERN Technical Report; 99-09, 28 pp.
Nick, M.; Althoff, K.-D.; Tautz, C.: Briand, L.C.; Bunse, C.; Daly, J.: El Emam, K.; Laitenberger, O.: Facilitating the Practical Evaluation of A Controlled Experiment for Evaluating Evaluating Capture-Recapture Models Knowledge-Based Systems and Organi- Quality Guidelines on the Maintainabili- with Two Inspectors zational Memories Using the Goal- ty of Object-Oriented Designs Kaiserslautern 1999 Question-Metric Technique Kaiserslautern 1999 ISERN Technical Report; 99-08, 50 pp. IESE-Report; 029.99/E, VIII, 26 pp. ISERN Technical Report; 99-07, 41 pp. El Emam, K.; Birk, A.: Nick, M.; Tautz, C.: Briand, L.C.; Arisholm, E.; Counsell, S.; Validating the ISO/IEC 15504 Measure Maintenance of Experience Packages. A Houdek, F.; Thevenod-Fosse, P.: of Software Requirements Analysis Collection of Patterns with REFSENO Empirical Studies of Object-Oriented Process Capability and CBR-Works Artifacts, Methods, and Processes. Kaiserslautern 1999 IESE-Report; 048.99/E, VI, 20 pp. State of the Art and Future Directions ISERN Technical Report; 99-02, 44 pp. Kaiserslautern 1999 Ruhe, G.: ISERN Technical Report; 99-12, 12 pp. Laitenberger, O.; El Emam, K.; Experience Factory-based Professional Harbich, T.: Education and Training Briand, L.C.; Kempkens, R.; An Internally Replicated Quasi-Experi- IESE-Report; 027.99/E, VII, 15 pp. Lünenbürger, K.; Ochs, M.A.; Verlage, mental Comparison of Checklist and M.: Perspective-based Reading of Code Modelling the Factors Driving the Documents Quality of Meetings in the Software Kaiserslautern 1999 Development Process ISERN Technical Report; 99-01, 57 pp. Kaiserslautern 1999 ISERN Technical Report; 99-10, 11 pp.
Briand, L.C.; Morasca, S.; Basili, V.R.: An Operational Process for Goal-Driven Definition of Measures Kaiserslautern 1999 ISERN Technical Report; 99-04, 30 pp.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 97 Scientific Publications
Ruhe, M.: Koziega, C.: Centre for Advanced Empirical Soft- Diploma Theses Konzeption und Erstellung eines ware Research -CAESAR-; Fraunhofer- Systemanforderungsdokuments am Einrichtung für Experimentelles Soft- Cindric, D.: Beispiel des E-Gas der Firma Bosch, ware Engineering -IESE-, Kaiserslautern; Development and Evaluation of a Computer Science Department, Univer- Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney: Portable and Web-Based Technology sity of Kaiserslautern Comparative Study of Project Effort Experience Factory, Computer Science Supervisors: Rombach, D., Paech, B., Estimation Methods by using Public Department, University of Kaiserslau- Kamsties E. Domain Multi-Organizational and tern Kaiserslautern, Germany, October 1999 Organization-specific Project Data Supervisors: Rombach, D., Birk, A. Sydney 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany, October 1999 Langley, T.: CAESAR Technical Report; 99/4, 61 pp. An Assessment of Alternative Software Decker, B.: Development Effort Estimation Meth- Takada, S.; Scott, L.; Brooks, A.: A System for Management of IESE ods Centre for Advanced Empirical Soft- Corporate, Computer Science Depart- Faculty of Commerce and Economics ware Research -CAESAR-; Univ. of New ment, University of Kaiserslautern University of New South Wales South Wales, Sydney: Supervisors: Rombach, D., Bomarius, Supervisors: Rombach, D., Briand, L., Evaluating Data Flow Diagrams and F., Müller. W. Jeffey, R., Wieczorek, I. Class Diagrams in Usability Laboratory Kaiserslautern, Germany, October 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany and Sidney, Experiments CADPRO Pilot#2 Australia, June 1999 Sydney 1999 Eiselein, R.: CAESAR Technical Report; 99/3, 30 pp. Definition of Measurement Points and Ludwig, D.: Measurement Procedures by Using Documenting System Families and Process Models and GQM Plans, Instantiating them for Specific Systems, Computer Science Department, Univer- Computer Science Department, Univer- sity of Kaiserslautern sity of Kaiserslautern Supervisors: Rombach, D., Differding, Supervisors: Rombach, D., Muthig, D. C., Hamann, D., Verlage, M. Kaiserslautern, Germany, August 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany, March 1999 Schank, M.: Henn, S.: Entwicklung eines Decision Support Werkzeuggestützte Analyse und Werkzeugs zur Definition von Produk- Verifikation von objektorientiertem tlinien basierend auf Source-Kode am Beispiel C++, Compu- ökonomischen Kriterien, Computer ter Science Department, University of Science Department, University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Supervisors: Rombach, D., Bunse, C. Supervisors: Rombach, D., Schmid, K. Kaiserslautern, Germany, May 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany, October 1999
Kiesgen, T.: Snoek, B.: Abstraction Concepts for Software Knowledge Management and Organi- Process Modelling, Computer Science zational Learning - Systematic Develop- Department, University of Kaiserslau- ment of an Experience tern Base on Approaches and Technologies, Supervisors: Rombach, D., Verlage, Computer Science Department, Univer- M. sity of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, Germany, September Supervisors: Rombach, D., Althoff, K. 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany, September 1999
98 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Scientific Publications
Vukovic, A.: Ruhe, M.: Architecting for Software Product Lines, Project Theses Comparative Study of Project Effort Computer Science Department, Univer- Estimation Methods by using Public sity of Kaiserslautern, Assmann, D.: Domain Multi-organizational and Supervisors: Rombach, D., Gacek, C. Ein Werkzeug zur halbautomatischen organization-specific Project Data, FhG Kaiserslautern, Germany, December Generierung von Web-basierten IESE 1999 Fragebögen, FhG IESE Supervisors: Rombach, D., Supervisors: Rombach, D., Zettel, J. Wieczorek, I. Kaiserslautern, Germany, January 1999 Kaiserslautern, Germany, September 1999 Hettesheimer, R.: Enabling flexible reporting in SPEAR- Rupp, A.: MINT, FhG IESE Design and Implementation of an Supervisors: Rombach, D., Scott, L. Experience Base for Software Inspec- Kaiserslautern, Germany, December tions FhG IESE 1999 Supervisors: Rombach, D., Tautz, C. Kaiserslautern, Germany, March 1999 Klemm, M.: Design and Implementation of a Schwarz, S.: Scenario for Simulation-based Learning Development of a Resource Request in the Domain of Software Engineering, Matching Simulator, FhG IESE FhG IESE Supervisors: Rombach, D., Becker- Supervisors: Rombach, D., Pfahl, D. Kornstaedt, U. Kaiserslautern, Germany, December Kaiserslautern, Germany, August 1999 1999
Könnecker, A.: Implementing an Experience Factory Based on Existing Organizational Knowledge, FhG IESE Supervisors: Rombach, D., Becker-Kornstaedt, U. Kaiserslautern, Germany, August 1999
Krementz, M.: Personal Workspaces for Electronic Process Guide (EPG) Users, FhG IESE Supervisors: Rombach, D., Becker- Kornstaedt, U. Kaiserslautern, Germany, August 1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 99 Awards
External Awards Internal
Colin Atkinson Manfred Eberle Bestes Grundstudium (ESS II), Univer- The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for sität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Project Excellence Germany, Summer Semester 1999 Susanne Hartkopf The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Project Excellence
Sonnhild Namingha The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Infrastructure Excellence
Sabine Peter The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Infrastructure Excellence
Andrew Beitz The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Research Excellence
Dirk Muthig The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Research Excellence
Carsten Buch The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Thesis Excellence
Marcel Dörr The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Thesis Excellence
Björn Snoek The Fraunhofer IESE 1999 Award for Thesis Excellence
100 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Events
June 24-26 Chronicle Participation in “Innova’99” exhibition in Pirmasens January 26 Visit of a delegation from South Caroli- July 27 na (Fred Monk, Susanna Auf der Maur, Participation in “3rd International Thomas E. Persons, Craig A. Rogers) at Conference on Case-Based Reasoning” Fraunhofer IESE - Industry Day in Munich
February 3 Visit of a delegation of Social Demo- September 20 cratic members of the Rhineland Participation in workshop “Software Palatinate State Parliament at Fraunhof- Project Risk Management and Cost er IESE Estimation - Essential Components for Success in IT Management” in Fon- March 18-24 tainebleau, France Participation of Fraunhofer IESE in CeBIT ‘99 in Hannover September 27-29 Participation in “CONQUEST’99 - April 19-20 Quality Engineering in Software Tech- Workshop at Fraunhofer IESE: “Vorge- nology” in Nuremberg hensmodelle, Prozessverbesserung und Qualitätsmanagement” September 28 Visit of Kaiserslautern CDU city council April 28-30 members (J. Deubig, F. Naumann, E. Participation in SQM‘99 Congress Neumeyer, G. Remler, B. Rosenberger) “Software-Qualitätsmanagement - at Fraunhofer IESE Made in Germany” in Cologne September 30 June 16-19 Participation in “Kongress der Multime- Organization of and participation in dia-Initiative Rheinland-Pfalz” in Mainz “Eleventh International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge October 5-6 Engineering” SEKE’99 in Kaiserslautern Meeting of the Fraunhofer Hauptkom- mission at Fraunhofer IESE (E. Bergner, June 18-20 H. Egner, Prof. Dr. J. Encarnacao, Dr. V. Visit of Joseph J. James (Prince Guyenot, Prof. Dr. W. Hermel, Dr. A. George‘s County Economic Develop- Imbusch, Dr. H. Jung, Prof. Dr. J. Luther, ment Corporation) at Fraunhofer IESE Prof. Dr. F. Meyer-Krahmer, Dr. U. Nobbe, Dr. D.-M. Polter, Prof. Dr. E. June 22-24 Sommer Warken, Prof. Dr. H.-J. War- Participation in “International Confer- necke, Dr. H.-U. Wiese ence on Product Focused Software Process Improvement”, Profes’99 in October 22 Oulu, Finland Visit of students from the department of computer science student body of June 24-25 Kaiserslautern University at Fraunhofer Participation in “Contact Forum - EURO IESE REGIO PARTNERS’99” in Saarbrücken
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 101 Media Coverage
Media Coverage
Media Coverage of the Fraunhofer IESE Reports and articles about the Fraun- hofer IESE have been published in the following media:
Dpa/Irs 01-15-1999 Die Rheinpfalz TV SWR3 RP 04-21-1999 03-08-1999 Die Rheinpfalz Die Rheinpfalz 11-06-1999 01-12-1999 Die Rheinpfalz Die Rheinpfalz 11-06-1999 Computerwoche, November 12, 1999 01-16-1999 Die Rheinpfalz Die Rheinpfalz 11-08-1999 01-16-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 01-16-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 01-26-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 01-27-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 02-04-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 02-13-1999 Die Rheinpfalz 02-25-1999 IX Multiuser Multitasking Magazin, August, 1999
Computerzeitung, June 24, 1999
102 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Pfälzischer Merkur , November 06, 1999
Kaiserslauterer Wochenblatt 02-17-1999 Saarbrücker Zeitung 04-03-1999 Kaiserslauterer Wochenblatt Pfälzische Volkszeitung Pfälzischer Merkur 03-31-1999 06-18-1999 03-27/28-1999 Kaiserslauterer Wochenblatt Zweibrücker Rundschau Pfälzischer Merkur 10-05-1999 06-10-1999 03-27/28-1999 Kaiserslauterer Wochenblatt Westricher Rundschau Pfälzischer Merkur 11-17-1999 06-11-1999 11-6/7-1999 Computer Zeitung infoweek, June 10, 1999 Pfälzische Volkszeitung 06-24-1999 06-09-1999 Bayernkurier 07-31-1999 Computerwoche 09-17-1999 Computerwoche 11-12-1999 Trierischer Volksfreund 11-08-1999 Top Inform No. 03/1999 Manager Magazin No. 07/1999 Informationweek No. 13/1999 Vis-A-Vis No. 01/1999 Elektronik Journal No. 03/1999 Elektronik Journal No. 03/1999 Uni-Spektrum No. 01/1999 Uni-Spektrum No. 03/1999 Objekt Spektrum No. 05/1999 IX Multiuser Multitasking Magazin No. 08/1999
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 103 Media Coverage
, 1999 Uni Spectrum, July
Wochenblatt, November 17, 1999
eund, Trierischer Volksfr November 08, 1999
104 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Rheinpfalz, June 08, 1999 Uni Spectr um, February, 1999
y, 1999 Vis-A-Vis, Januar
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 105 Rheinpfalz, June 06, 1999 The Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
The Research Organization Objectives of the Fraunhofer- Research Fields of the Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft Gesellschaft The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the leading applied research organization in The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains Eight fields form the core of Fraunhofer Germany. A staff of approx. 9,000 are an obligation to serve industry, its research: employed at 47 research establish- partner companies, and society at ments throughout Germany, most of large. Target groups and, thus, benefici- • Materials Technology and Compo- them scientists and engineers. Interna- aries of research conducted by the nent Behavior tional collaboration is promoted Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft are: • Production Engineering and Manu- through Fraunhofer branches in the facturing Technology USA and in Asia. The association’s Industry • Information and Communications headquarters is in Munich. Small, medium-sized and multinational Technology companies in industry and in the service • Microelectronics and Microsystems One of the primary policy objectives of sector all profit from contract research. Technology the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is improved The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft develops • Sensor Systems, Testing and Meas- information transfer. Companies of all technical and organizational solutions urement Technologies sizes and from all sectors of industry that can be implemented in practice, • Process Engineering use the Fraunhofer Institutes as exter- and promotes applications for new • Energy and Building Technology, nal high-tech laboratories for virtually technologies. The Fraunhofer-Gesells- Environment and Health Research all kinds of development work, for chaft is a vital supplier of innovative • Technical and Economic Studies, special services, and as expert consult- know-how to small and medium-sized Information Transfer ants on organizational and strategic companies who do not maintain their questions. Professional project manage- own in-house R&D departments. Individual solutions are generated in ment and quality management process- close collaboration with the industrial es lead to concrete results with genuine Government and society partner. When required, several Fraun- market value. Strategic research projects are carried hofer Institutes work together on out under contract to national and complex system solutions. In 1998, total expenditure of the regional government. They serve to Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft reached some promote the implementation of cut- DM 1.3 billion, of which nearly DM 1.2 ting-edge technology and innovations billion related to the contract research in fields of particular public interest, sector. Earnings from industry, at over such as environmental protection, DM 400 million for the first time, energy conservation, and health. The covered more than one third of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, furthermore, total funding. participates in technology programs supported by the European Union. The appellation, Fraunhofer-Gesells- chaft, was chosen in reference to the researcher, inventor, and entrepreneur Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787 - 1826), who won widespread acclaim for his scientific and commercial achieve- ments.
106 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Advantages of Contract Research Executive Board (as of December 31, 1999) Several thousand experts are available for the development of complete Prof. Hans-Jürgen Warnecke, President systems. Dr. Dirk-Meints Polter, Personnel and All developments are based on profita- Legal bility considerations. The Fraunhofer- Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wiese, Finance Gesellschaft collaborates with various renowned companies whose research contracts have resulted in successful Address products. Modern laboratory equip- Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V. ment and scientific aids such as project P. O. Box 19 03 39 management and internationally-linked Leonrodstraße 54 communications systems enhance the 80636 Munich, Germany quality of the research work. Detailed Tel: +49 (0) 89 1205-01 project reports, instructions for use, Fax: +49 (0) 89 1205-317 staff training, and complete introduc- Email: [email protected] tion strategies for new technologies www: http://www.fhg.de round off the contract research servic- es. Reliability, continuity, and the services of a large organization are available to all companies.
Collaboration with the Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
Contract research with the Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft has advantages for all companies. Orders come from all branches of industry and from compa- nies of all sizes. The institutes’ facilities are particularly recommended for small businesses who can take advantage of Fraunhofer research when their own capacities are not sufficient to develop on their own the technical innovations necessary to stay competitive.
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 107 Fraunhofer VIESE Locations
Fraunhofer Institute for Satellite Office at PRE Park Satellite Office at the University of Experimental Software Engineering Competence Center for Software Kaiserslautern Sauerwiesen 6 Technology and Continuing Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, Geb. 57 D-67661 Kaiserslautern Education D-67663 Kaiserslautern Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 100 Luxemburger Str. 1+3 Phone: +49 (0) 631 205 3329 Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 D-67657 Kaiserslautern Fax: +49 (0) 631 205 3330 E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 631 41690 13 Email: [email protected] Fax: +49 (0) 631 41690 41 Contact: Kristina Jerkku Our web server offers up-to-date Email: [email protected] information about the institute. We Contact: Dr. Klaus Hörmann invite you to visit our web site at: http://www.iese.fhg.de
How to reach us: How to reach us: How to reach us: by car by car by car coming from the west (Saarbrücken) or the east Highway (Autobahn) A6, exit Kaiserslautern-Ost Highway (Autobahn) A6, exit Kaiserslautern- (Mannheim) on highway (Autobahn) A6. Take Follow signs to Kaiserslautern “Stadtmitte” on West: the exit ”Kaiserslautern-West” and follow the highway B40 (=Mainzer Straße). After crossing Follow signs to Pirmasens on highway B270; signs that read “Lauterecken”. About 500 m under the Autobahn, turn left in the direction of after approx. 1 km (1/2 mile) turn right onto after exiting the highway, turn left to “Siegel- PRE-Park Pariser Straße, following signs “Universität” and bach”. Follow the road leading through a forest. Total driving time from A6 exit: approx. 2 “Stadtmitte”; after approx. 1.5 km (1 mile) you Right after entering “Siegelbach”, you turn right minutes will see a white sign “Universität” on your right. at the first junction into the street “Sauer- Do not take this right turn, but rather continue Wiesen”. After about 100 m you find IESE on by train for another 50 m, then turn right at traffic light your right-hand side. Take bus no. 2, 5, or 7 from Kaiserslautern and follow the second sign to “Universität”. The railway station to Schillerplatz stop, change into Contact Office is located in Building 57 on the by train bus no. 4, exit at PRE-Park stop. Attention: Not fourth floor. from Kaiserslautern railway station either by taxi every bus stops at PRE-Park! Total driving time from A6 exit: approx. 10 (ca. 8 km) or by bus (line RSW 6510, departing Total time: approx. 30 minutes minutes from bus stop A/2 at railway station, destination: Siegelbach) to Siegelbach; the stop “Siegelbach by car Sand” is about 100 m from the institute Highway (Autobahn) A6, exit Kaiserslautern-Ost: Follow signs for “Stadtmitte” on Mainzer Straße; by airplane then follow signs “Universität” (Bldg. 57, 4th Airport Frankfurt/Main, either by train (about 2 floor). hours) or by car (about 1.5 hours) Total driving time from A6 exit: approx. 15 minutes
by train Take bus no. 5 from Kaiserslautern railway station, destination “Uni-Wohngebiet”; exit at Uni-Ost stop; walk back approx. 300 m in the opposite direction, follow signs to Bldg. 57. The Contact Office is located on the fourth floor.
to Saarbrücken Downtown Central Train Station
Sports Facilities Buchenloch to Mannheim
Bldg. 57 to Kaiserslautern IESE Contact Office to A6, K'lautern-West UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
108 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer VIESE Locations
Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, Maryland (FC-MD) 3115 Ag/Life Sciences Surge Building #296 Paint Branch Drive University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA Phone: +1 301 405 6541 Fax: +1 301 405 6638 Email: [email protected] Website: http://fc-md.umd.edu
How to reach us: by car by train National Airport Directions from Points North From Metro station (College Park- Univ. of (about 90 minutes by car) Follow I-95 South to the point where it merges Maryland) 15 minute walk or taxi or by bus 83 Exit the airport towards I-395 North headed for with I-495. At this point, follow the signs for Washington D.C.. Continue on I-395 North to Richmond (I-95/495 South). Take Baltimore by plane New York Avenue. Turn right onto New York Avenue (Route 1) exit 25 towards College Park. B.W.I. Airport (about >45 minutes by car) Avenue (US Rt-50-East) to MD Rt. 295/Baltimore- Make a right onto 193 West. Exit the Airport to Route 295 South, take exit for Washington Parkway for approximately 6 miles. For directions from this point on, see bottom of Greenbelt Road, Maryland Route 193. At the Stay on BWI Parkway to the exit for Maryland page! stop sign, make a left onto South Way. Take Route 193. This is Greenbelt Road, take Route Greenbelt Road Route 193 East. Continue onto 193 East. Continue onto University Blvd. Directions from Points South University Blvd. For directions from this point on, see bottom of Follow I-95 North to the point where it merges For directions from this point on, see bottom of page! with I-495. At this point, follow the signs for page! Baltimore (I-95/495 North). Take Exit #25 further directions: towards College Park Make a left at the first light onto Azalea Lane. Make a right onto 193 West. (Metzerott Rd. is to the right) (Azalea Lane turns For directions from this point on, see bottom of into Paint Branch Drive) page! Bear to your left around the circle past the baseball field, the dumpster, and the parking lots on the left and right hand sides. You will then see a red brick building. Make a right into that parking lot K4. The name of the building is Agriculture / Life Global View of Kaiserslautern Sciences Surge Building. We are located on the third floor. Otterbach Erfen- Erlenbach bach Lauter Mor- 270 lautern 40
Engels- to Mannheim Siegelbach hof K’lautern-Ost
K’lautern-West 6 PRE-Park
Central 37 Train Station Lauter to Saarbrücken
270 University
KAISERSLAUTERN 1 km
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 109 Fraunhofer IESE Contact
Dial Phone No. +49 (0) 6301 707- . . . 100 Prof. Dr. Dieter Rombach Executive Director [email protected]
151 Dr. Günther Ruhe Deputy Director Department Head CET (Continuing Education and Training) [email protected]
121 Dr. Frank Bomarius Department Head SLI (Systematic Learning and Improvement) [email protected]
251 Dr. Rini van Solingen Department Head QPE (Quality and Process Engineering) [email protected]
251 Dr. Peter Knauber Department Head SPL (Software Product Lines) [email protected]
226 Dr. Barbara Paech Department Head QSD (Quality Software Development) [email protected]
152 Illona Würtz Department Head CS (Central Services) [email protected]
110 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Fraunhofer IESE Contact
Dial Phone No. +49 (0) 6301 707- . . . 101 Dorothea Kilgore Secretary of director [email protected]
239 Sonnhild Namingha Contact Office FC-MD (USA) Student Exchange Programs [email protected]
160 Petra Steffens Head of Marketing, Public Relations [email protected]
Dial Phone No. +49 (0) 631 205- . . . 3329 Kristina Jerkku Contact Office University of Kaiserslautern [email protected]
Dial Phone No. +49 (0) 631 41690- . . . 13 Dr. Klaus Hörmann Head of Competence Center for Software Technology and Continuing Education Luxemburger Str. 1+3 D-67657 Kaiserslautern [email protected]
30 Manfred Eberle Contact Continuing Education Programs Luxemburger Str. 1+3 D-67657 Kaiserslautern [email protected]
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 111 112 Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 Information Service
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Point of Contact: Petra Steffens Marketing, Press and Public Relations Phone: +49 (0) 6301 707 166 Fax: +49 (0) 6301 707 200 Email: [email protected]
Fraunhofer IESE Annual Report 1999 113