6 X 10.Long New.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12108-8 - The Idea of Indonesia: A History R. E. Elson Index More information

Index

Abduh, Muhammad 9, 156 air force 231 Abdulgani, Ruslan xvi, 176, 219 army (Dutch colonial – KNIL) 32, 126, Abdulkadir Besar 244, 249, 257 152, 153 Abdullah, Baginda Dahlan 23 army (Indonesian TKR, TNI, APRIS) Abendanon, J. H. 8, 22, 26, 29, 42 (see also Peta) xviii, xix, xxii, 126–8, Abikusno Cokrosuyoso 105 135, 136, 141, 147, 149, 150, 151, Aceh(nese) xvi, 5, 7, 9, 82, 99, 117, 124, 152, 153, 160, 163, 164, 167, 168, 132, 137, 143, 144, 147, 163, 164, 169, 170, 175, 179–80, 183–5, 186, 166, 206, 240, 266–9, 282, 284–6, 191, 196, 197, 199, 201, 203–4, 210, 287, 292, 304, 312, 319 211, 213, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, Act of Free Choice 269, 287 223, 225, 226, 231, 232, 235, 239, Afghanistan 293 240, 244, 245, 251, 257–9, 260, 263, Afro-Asian conference 159 268, 269, 272, 274, 275, 282, 284, Agung, Anak Agung Gde 146 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 295, Aidit, D. N. xvi, 159, 166, 202, 223, 232, 234 301, 303, 304, 305, 312, 317, 320 Ajie, Ibrahim 236 dual function 220, 236, 237, 258, 304 Al-Azhar University 9, 44, 46 middle way 171, 203 al-Imam 10 Staff and Command College (SSKAD/ al-Islam Congress 80 Seskoad) 204, 236 Alisyahbana, Takdir 72 Assaat 65, 122, 175 Allies 102, 103, 110, 117–18, 122, 123, associationism xvii, xix, 10, 22, 27, 42, 129, 131 59, 77 All-Indies Congress 39, 44, 68 Attamimi, A. Hamid S. 244 Ambon(ese) xvii, 21, 31, 32, 46, 50, 69, 71, Australia(ns) 1, 107, 117, 118, 311 86, 88, 118, 129, 132, 137, 152, 153, Ayip Muchamad Dzuchri 192 253, 292 Azis, Andi 152 Amiruddin, Anwar Sutan 176 Amuntai 164 Ba’asyir, Abu Bakar xvi, 306, 308 Anderson, Benedict R. O’G. 16, Babu, Hausmann 70 111, 248 Bachrun, Mohammed 172 Ansor 238 Bali(nese) xvii, xx, 45, 83, 131, 164, 228, anthem 65, 103, 113, 224 292, 293 anti-subversion law 222, 281 Banda Aceh 285 anti-Westernism 101, 102, 111, 141 Bandung xx, 12, 20, 46, 50, 51, 52, 64, 89, Anwar, Rosihan 309 132, 152, 159, 208, 245, 272 Arabs 34, 63, 90, 102, 109, 114 Bangil 12 archipelagic doctrine xvii, 169, 221, 254 Bangka 140 aristocracy 8, 12, 14, 20, 52, 57, 58, 80, Banjarmasin xvii, 133, 276 124, 156 Banten 124, 128 armed forces (ABRI) 211, 212, 224, 235, Baperki 176 241, 248, 257, 258, 259, 274, 295, Barlian 187 296, 299, 300, 303–5 Bastian, Adolf 2, 4

355

356 Index

Baswedan, Abdurrahman 90, 109 Cirebon 124 Batak(s) xviii, xxi, 33, 50, 67, 70, 167 citizenship 23, 25, 57, 63, 89, 95, 108, Batang 81 114, 119, 175, 211, 253–4, 268, 295, Batavia (see also Jakarta) 5, 10, 21, 31, 65, 307, 312 66, 72, 96 Cokroaminoto, Umar Said xvi, 12, 13, 20, Belo, Carlos 267 45, 46, 80, 81 Beureueh, Daud xvi, 99, 117, 124, 163, Cokrosudarmo 20 166, 206, 267 Colijn, H. xvi, 7, 32, 40, 41, 48, 53, BFO (Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg) 92–4, 318 132, 146, 150, 151, 167 Communism/Communists xxi, 45, 56, Biak 224, 286 57–8, 74, 75, 80, 87, 97, 134, 136, 138, Bintang Hindia 8 139, 140, 156, 159, 166, 191, 201, BOMPA (Badan Oentoek Membantu 202, 219, 226, 231, 234, 235, 239, Pertahanan Asia) 100, 101 242, 243, 259, 260, 270, 282 Borneo 45, 107, 133, 135, 139 communitarianism (see also integralism) 53, state of 131 209, 230, 233, 240, 256, 276 Bourchier, David 249 Confrontation 233 Boven Digul 69 Confucianism 229 BPUPK (Badan Untuk Penyelidik Usaha- Constituent Assembly 151, 176, 180, usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan) 105, 193–5, 207–8, 213, 215–17, 299 110, 111, 113, 117, 257 Constitution (Netherlands) 31, 38, 41, Brandes, J. L. A. 14 142, 143 Britain 4, 305 constitution, draft 208 Buddhist/Buddhism 166, 229, 316 Constitution, Indonesian, of 1945 xx, xxii, Budi Utomo xxi, 10–11, 13, 14, 21, 22, 31, 108, 109–10, 112, 113–14, 125, 151, 58, 66, 75, 85 171, 173, 200, 210, 211–16, 217, 219, Buginese 228, 282 222, 239, 241, 242–5, 247, 249, 254, Bukittinggi 100 256, 258, 270, 275, 276, 283, Burhanuddin Harahap 196 293–300, 313, 321 of 1949 149 Cairo 9, 45, 46–7, 117 of 1950 151, 157, 158, 173, 183, 190, caliphate 47, 293 210, 211, 213 capital/capitalism 20, 33, 51, 56–8, 59, 79, Constitutional Court 287, 296 107, 139, 154, 155, 156, 167, 191, cooperation/non-cooperation 48, 222, 226, 231, 235, 270, 271 59–64, 99 Castles, Lance 67, 86 cooperatives 61, 173 Catholic/Catholicism 166, 229 corruption 141, 163, 179, 183, 195, 204, Catholic Party 182 213, 215, 264, 272, 304, 307 Celebes, see Sulawesi coup attempt of 1 October 1965 xvi, xix, xx, Central Advisory Council 102, 103 xxii, 239, 241, 247, 248, 275 Chaerul Saleh 226 Cultural Manifesto 222 Chauvel, Richard 32, 86 Curac¸ao 31, 39, 96 China 1, 11, 22, 112, 175, 180, 219, 232, 271 Dahm, Bernhard 69 Chinese Indonesians xvii, xxi, 23–4, 34, 63, Darsono 33 77, 78, 89–90, 102, 109, 110, 114, 119, Darul Islam xvi, xvii, xviii, 132, 136–7, 149, 133, 134, 155, 175–7, 212, 232, 152, 163, 164, 165, 166, 170, 178, 253–4, 256, 260, 272, 290, 316 234, 263, 293 Chinese language 177, 265 Dawam Raharjo 262 Christians/Christianity xxi, 12, 32, 33, 83, Dayak(s) 38, 50, 70, 150, 177, 289, 292 113, 152, 164, 166, 207, 209, 229, DDII (Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah 253, 260, 261, 263, 276, 292, 293 Indonesia) 261 Christison, Sir Philip 117 De Kat Angelino, A. D. A. 91 Chung Hwa Hui 24 decentralisation xix, 40, 167, 168, 197, 206, CIA 196 275, 313

Index 357

democracy xvii, xix, 29, 37–8, 49–53, 58, Ethicism/Ethicists 10, 33, 40 59, 63, 66, 88, 94, 106, 107, 114, 120, ethnicity 15, 21, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 121, 123, 124, 125–6, 128, 145, 35, 38, 43, 51, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 160–1, 168, 179, 187, 193, 208, 209, 78, 82, 93, 98, 133, 138, 146, 150, 151, 211, 212, 219, 255, 256, 273, 274, 167, 168, 177, 180, 189, 197, 218, 275, 299, 304, 307, 323 253, 276, 283, 284, 287, 288, 289, parliamentary democracy/Western liberal 292, 293, 319, 322 democracy (see also elections) xx, Eurasian(s) xvi, 14, 18, 63, 77, 78, 102, 160–3, 178, 180–93, 199, 208, 211, 118–19, 144, 145 215, 216, 217, 226, 231, 264, 265, Europeans 34, 40, 48, 53 266, 276, 307, 317 democratic socialism 156 fascism 63, 95, 101, 102, 112, 121, 124 Den Pasar 131, 134 federalism xviii, 68–9, 106, 109, 114, Dennys, N. B. 2 128–36, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, Deventer, C.Th. van 10, 22, 29 149–53, 167, 168, 206, 213, 255, 291, Dewantoro, Ki Hajar, see Suryaningrat, 296, 314, 319 Suwardi Feith, Herbert 155, 162, 171, 177, 182, Dharsono, H. R. 245, 255 195, 216, 219, 227 Dili 275 feudalism/anti-feudalism 20, 55–6, 65, 125, Diponegoro division 172, 216 140, 201, 202, 222, 234, 310 Douwes Dekker, E. F. E. xvi, 14, 15, 16–19, flag 35, 65, 85, 98, 103, 104, 112, 113, 116, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 32, 43, 46, 89, 117, 224, 284, 286 229, 315 Flores 69, 164 DPD (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah) 296 Fock, Dirk 47 Dutch language 65, 70, 101, 102, 161 foreign investment 227 Dwijosewoyo 31 foreign policy 154, 155, 159, 232–3, 237, 270–1 Earl, George Samuel Windsor 1 Formosa, see Taiwan East Indonesia (state of) 131, 133, 144, France 14, 128 146, 152 freedom 10, 15, 19, 32, 35, 45, 46, 47, East Timor(ese) 240, 266–9, 281, 285, 289, 48, 49, 53, 54–8, 60, 61, 74, 79, 292, 304, 319 81, 83, 87, 90, 97, 104, 116, 125, eastern Indonesia xix, 6, 38, 100, 110, 113, 137–8, 140, 141, 148, 151, 154, 118, 131, 134, 149, 152, 291 157, 208, 213, 256, 265, 301, economic development/policy 10, 160, 316, 322 162, 167, 168, 172–7, 179, 186, 187, Freeport 288 188, 191, 203, 211, 213, 217, 218, Front Pembela Islam 296 225–7, 228, 230, 232, 233, 234, 236, functionalism 58, 181, 185, 193, 199, 210, 237, 240, 242, 248, 255, 259–63, 264, 218, 219, 223, 236 265, 266, 267, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 283, 286, 310, 318 GAM (Free Aceh Movement) 268, 284, education 8, 12, 21, 32, 46, 50, 51, 52, 56, 285–6, 311 61, 62, 63, 66, 125, 128, 141, 151, 154, Gapi (Gabungan Politik Indonesia) 78, 95 155, 220, 224, 273, 307 General Study Club 46 Eechoud, J. P. K. van 144, 145 Gerindo (Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia) 95 Effendi, Johan 262 Germany xvii, 16, 29, 95 Egypt 47 Gerretson, F. C. 48 elections xx, xxii, 115, 116, 122, 125, 151, Giyugun (People’s Militia) 103 162, 177–9, 205, 219, 224, 238, 246, Golkar 246, 248, 275, 294, 296 264, 265, 266, 277, 280, 281, 282, Gonggryp, G. F. E. 91 286, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, 305, Gorontalo xvii 307, 321 gotong-royong (mutual assistance) 162, 180, Eluay, Theys 288 230, 236 Emmerson, Donald 322 Graeff, Jhr. A. C. D. de 48 Endriartono Sutarto 296 Gresik 48

358 Index

Guided Democracy xvii, xviii, 181, 184, Indie¨Weerbaar controversy/campaign 19, 199–223, 225–38, 240, 241, 242, 20, 23, 35 243, 321 Indies Social Democratic Association 56 Gunawan Mohamad xvii, 256, 266, 270, Indische Partij xvi, xviii, xx, 14, 17–19, 20, 286, 322 25, 32, 34 Indische Vereeniging xvii, xx, 9, 21–8, 44, Habibie, B. J. xvii, xix, 272, 281, 284, 286, 45–7, 49, 50, 52, 59, 64, 72, 75, 76, 77, 287, 289, 295, 303, 313 78, 107 Hadisubeno Sosrowerdoyo 260 Indology 7, 16, 23, 24 Hadramis 2, 10, 11, 34, 90, 119 Indonesia (term) 1–4, 23–5, 26, 28–31, 44, Halmahera 107 64, 81, 91–2, 95, 96, 103, 120, 142, Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan of 315 Yogyakarta 116, 205, 271 Indonesia (territorial extent) 74, 78, 108, Hamid II, Sultan of Pontianak 132 110, 147, 221, 254, 289 Hamka 260 Indonesia Merdeka 46, 77 Hamy, E. T. 2 Indonesia Muda 64–5, 77 Hamzah, Amir 72 Indonesian language 65, 66, 70, 72, 82, Hasan bin Sumayt 34 101, 102 Hatta, Mohammad xvii, xxi, 49, 51, 57, Indonesian Students Association 45 60, 62, 63, 68, 72, 75, 78, 79, 87, 88, Indonesian Study Club xxi, 45, 46 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, Indonesian Youth Congress 45, 65 112, 113, 114, 116, 124, 125, 129, Indonesische Vereeniging, see Indische 133, 139, 140, 146, 147, 153, 154, Vereeniging 160, 167, 168, 169, 173, 177, Inlander, see native 182, 186, 187, 190, 193, 202, 205, Insulinde (name) 1, 10, 29, 30, 41–2 213, 231 (organisation) 20, 34 Hazeu, G. J. 46 integralism 58, 105, 106, 110, 171, 173, Heiho 102 181, 193, 230, 231, 240, 241, 246–57, Heutsz, J. B. van xvii, 5, 6, 7, 22, 40 265, 267, 271, 273, 274, 275, 276, Hijaz 9, 47 277, 280, 294, 296, 317, 318, 322 Hindia Poetra 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 46 International Monetary Fund 227 Hindu/Hinduism 229 IPKI (Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Hinloopen Labberton, Dirk van xvii, 28, Indonesia) 171 31, 33 Irian Jaya, see New Guinea Hizbullah 103 Isa Ansyari 80, 165 Hizbut Tahrir 306 Iskandardinata, Oto 104 Hoge Veluwe 128 Iskaq Cokrohadisuryo 49 Hugeng Imam Santoso 243 Islam (see also Muslims) xvi, xvii, xix, xxi, human rights xvii, xviii, 13, 20, 53, 110, 112, 12, 13, 16, 20, 47, 52, 56, 62, 70, 71, 114, 125, 141, 151, 165, 176, 193, 195, 75, 80–4, 99, 102, 115, 117, 124, 207, 208, 211, 213, 216, 264, 265, 273, 149, 153, 156, 157, 160, 193, 204, 275, 281, 282, 295, 298, 310 229, 246, 268, 275, 282, 299, 300, Husein, Achmad 169 306–8 modernist 9, 45, 62, 84, 102, 105, 107, IAIN (Institut Agama Islam Negeri) 262 156, 254, 262, 298, 307 ICMI (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim pan-Islamism 9, 45, 80, 81, 83 Indonesia) 275 political Islam/Islamism (see also Jakarta Idenburg, A. W. F. 13 Charter) xvii, xix, 81–2, 83–4, 97, 106, Idham Chalid 193 108, 109, 118, 121, 136, 138, 163–6, Idrus 137, 138 171, 178, 193, 197, 204, 206, 207–8, Imamura Hitoshi 99 217, 253, 258, 261, 262, 292, 293, Ina Tuni 88 297, 298, 307, 308, 316 India 1, 30, 112, 263 Istri Sedar 89 Indian nationalist movement 44, 59, 87 Isyman, Kijahi Mas 109 Indians 134 Italy 316

Index 359

IVS (Indonesisch Verbond van Jong Celebes 64 Studeerenden) 24–8, 35, 38, 42, 43, 44 Jong Indonesia, see Indonesia Muda Iwa Kusuma Sumantri 35, 189, 209 Jong Islamieten Bond 45, 80, 82 Jong Java 13, 31, 32, 64, 66, 88 Ja’far Umar Thalib 292, 293, 306 Jong Sumatranen Bond 32, 64 Jakarta (see also Batavia) xxiii, 99, 111, 112, Jonge, B. C. de 62 117, 119, 128, 167, 179, 195, 196, Jonkman, J. A. 25, 26, 27 205, 206, 208, 213, 233, 239, 241, Juanda Kartawijaya xvii, 169, 176, 185, 255, 272, 276, 277, 286, 287, 288, 186, 188, 189, 195, 196, 212, 213, 293, 312, 313 215, 218, 222, 254 Jakarta Charter 108, 109, 113–14, 115, justice 57, 63, 87, 107, 138–9, 140, 173, 215–16, 260, 296–8 212, 222, 230, 231, 233, 255, 272, Jama’ah al-Chairiah al-Talabijja 286, 312, 317, 318, 319, 322, 323 al-Azhariah al-Djawiah (Welfare Association of ‘Jawa’ Students at the Ka’ban, M. S. 297 University of al-Azhar) 44, 46, 47 Kahin, G. McT. 140, 255 Jam’¯ıyyah Khayr (The Benevolent Society) 10 Kai islands 164 Jambi 86, 130, 133 Kalimantan 118, 133, 150 Jamiah Setia Pelajar (Loyal Association of Central Kalimantan 289 Students) 10 South Kalimantan 137, 187 Japan(ese) xvii, xx, 11, 63–4, 95, 98–105, West Kalimantan 290 108, 110, 111, 112–13, 114, 116, 117, north Borneo 108, 111 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 129, West Borneo 132 131, 133, 141, 144, 188, 316 state of 132 Japanese language 101, 102 Kalla, Yusuf 282, 286 Jaringin Islam Liberal (Liberal Islam KAMI (Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Network) 305, 306 Indonesia) 264 Java(nese) xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxii, 4, 5, 6, 7, Karim, Abdul 37 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 20–1, 22, 26, Kartini, Raden Ajeng 8 29, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, Kartosuwiryo, S. M. xvi, xvii, xviii, 81, 136, 41, 45, 50, 52, 67, 72, 80, 82, 84, 93, 137, 163, 234 94, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, Kasman Singodimejo 80, 82, 205 107, 110, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, Kaum Betawi 31 128, 129, 131, 135, 144, 149, 152, Keane, A. H. 2 156, 164, 205, 206, 228, 234, 251, Kedu 86 292, 310 Kern, H. 3 Central Java xviii, xix, 101, 102, 136, 142, Kies 92 163, 172, 179, 192, 201, 204, 276 Kiewiet de Jonge, H. J. 91 East Java xvii, xxi, 12, 33, 83, 85, 121 KISDI (Indonesian Committee for Javanese language 16, 20, 65, 70 Solidarity with the Muslim World) 261 relation to areas outside Java 25, 30, 80, KNIP (Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat) 94, 115, 129–30, 149, 166, 168, 115, 122, 125 174, 195, 196, 206, 219, 258, 268, Ko Kwat Tiong 89 290, 292 Koiso Kuniaki 103, 104 state of 132, 150 Kol, H. van 27 West Java xvii, 31, 38, 127, 132, 136, KOMPAK (Komite Aksi Penanggulangan 137, 149, 163, 165, 232 Akibat Krisis) 293 Jawa Hokokai (Java Public Service Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij 5 Association) 102, 121 konsepsi 180–3, 192 Jawadipa movement 20 Kopassus 288 Jawi/Jawah 9, 44, 47 Kopkamtib 258, 275 Jayadinigrat, Achmad 31 Kruyt, A. C. 3 Jeddah 6 Kubus 38 Jemaah Islamiyah xvi, 293, 306 Kuncoro Purbopranoto 77 Jokosutono 185, 274 Kupang 5

360 Index

Kusumaatmaja, Mochtar 254 Malik, Adam 141, 242 Kusumaatmaja, Sarwono 320 Malino 131 Kusumasubrata, Oto 66 Maluku xvii, 93, 107, 118, 135, 164, 209, 228, 292, 293 Laffan, Michael 9, 13, 80 Republic of the South Moluccas (RMS) Lampung 228 152–3, 170 land reform 107, 140, 234 Mangkunegoro VII 46 Laskar Jihad 292 Mangkupraja, Gatot 72 Laskar Jundullah 293 Mangunkusumo, Cipto xviii, 14, 16, 17, 22, Latuharhary, Johannes xvii, 46, 68, 118 23, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37, 43, 46, 58, legal system 5, 6, 16, 34, 53, 101, 102, 138, 83, 229, 315 151, 164, 188, 222, 250–1, 275, 281, Mangunkusumo, Gunawan 27, 37 282, 294, 299, 314, 321, 323 Manipol-USDEK 218, 220, 241 Legge, J. D. 87 Manullang, M. H. 33 Leiden xx, 2, 7, 21, 23–4, 31 Marco Kartodikromo, Mas 12 Leimena, Johannes 166, 188, 189 Marhaenism 57, 58, 125, 156, 192 Lekra (Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat) 222 martial law 169, 183, 222, 235, 285 Lesser Sunda Islands 107, 135 Marxism 57, 58, 63, 71, 202, Lev, Daniel 179, 184 243, 282 liberalism 48, 58, 59–64, 110, 169, 173, Masyumi (Majelis Syuro Muslimin 209, 215, 218, 226, 250, 256, 261, Indonesia) xviii, xx, 102, 104, 109, 262, 265, 271 121, 139, 156, 158, 165, 178, 182, Lim Kun Hian xvii, 89, 109 183, 193, 196, 204, 205, 212, 215, Limburg Stirum, J. P. graaf van 35 217, 234, 246, 247, 260, 297 Linggarjati agreement 128, 144 Mataram 98 local autonomy (see also decentralisation) 37, Maxwell, W. E. 2 51, 67, 77, 93, 100, 101, 147, 168, 206, McIntyre, Angus 196, 202, 237, 290 251, 268, 282, 284, 286, 287, 288, Medan 5, 293 290–2, 295, 301, 319, 321 Medan Priyayi 12 Logan, James 1–2 Megawati Sukarnoputri xx, xxii, 256, 276, Logemann, J. H. A. 120 277, 280, 281, 282–3, 285, 292, 294, Lombok 228 296, 300, 305 Long Contracts 4 Meijer Ranneft, J. W. 143, 150 Lubis, Todung Mulya 298 Mekka 9–10, 83, 117 Lubis, Zulkifli 179 Melanesia 3, 269 Luns, J. M. A. H. 224 Menadonese 21, 33, 118, 153 Luthfi, Muchtar 47 Mentawai(ers) 38 Merauke 144, 191, 225, 229, 264 Madagascar 3, 4, 78 MIAI (Majelisul Islamil a’la Madiun xviii, xxi, 141, 159 Indonesia) 95, 102 Madura/Madurese 10, 31, 135, 228, 289 Micronesia 3 state of 132, 150 Middle East 261, 263, 275, Maeda Tadeshi 112, 116 306, 307 Magelang 203 Minahasa(n) xix, 26, 68, 70, 71, 86, 130, Magnis-Suseno, Franz 298 133, 311 Mahmud, Malik 286 Minangkabau(s) 37, 45, 47, 71, 107, Majapahit 14, 73, 78, 108, 152, 263 206, 228 Majid, Nurcholish xvii, 261–2, 298 MMI (Majelis Mujahidin Makasar(ese) 5, 50, 129, 152, 170, 260 Indonesia) xvi, 306 Malang 62, 125 Moluccas, see Maluku Malari riots 247, 272 Mononutu, Arnold 207 Malay (language) 5, 65 Mook, H. J. van xviii, 26, 118, 120, 130, Malaya 3, 5, 9, 78, 99, 100, 108, 110, 111, 117 135, 144 Malays 15, 16, 44, 78, 289 motto 150 Malaysia 233, 283 Mountbatten, Lord Louis 117

Index 361

MPR(S) (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat New Emerging Forces 233 (Sementara)) xvii, 114, 219, 242, 244, New Guinea 3, 5, 57, 69, 103, 107, 111, 248, 258, 260, 264, 265, 270, 277, 118, 131, 135, 142, 143, 144–7, 280, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 294, 159–60, 169, 191, 218, 221, 223–5, 295, 296, 297, 299, 304, 310 240, 266–9, 285, 286–9, 292, 311, 312 Mudakir, Abdulkohhar 46 Central Irian Jaya 288 Muhammadiyah 62, 81, 102, 164, 297, West Irian Jaya 287 298, 299, 307 New Guinea Council 191, 224 Muhlenfeld, A. 16, 168 New Order xvi, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxiii, 156, Muis, Abdul xviii, 13, 33, 37, 46 238, 239–79, 280, 283, 284, 295, 303, Multatuli (Eduard Douwes Dekker) 29 309, 310, 321 Murba 156, 226 New York 117, 269 Murtopo, Ali xviii, 240, 242, 245, 248, 267 NGOs (Non-Government Muslim Brotherhood 263 Organisations) 273 Muslims (see also Islam) xvii, xviii, xix, xx, Niemann, G. K. 3 xxi, 32, 45, 52, 59, 74, 87, 102, 103, Noer, Deliar 298 104, 107, 108, 109, 113, 121, 136, Noto Suroto xix, 21, 22, 26, 29, 52, 77 153, 157, 165–6, 178, 191, 192, 193, NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) xxi, 83, 102, 117, 204, 209, 215, 218, 219, 239, 253, 156, 165, 175, 178, 185, 189, 192, 280, 281, 292, 298, 301 193, 204, 215, 217, 219, 234, 238, Musso xviii, 141, 147 261, 262, 297, 299, 307 Nugroho Notosusanto 259, 310 Nasakom 231, 234 Nusa Hindia 30 Nasution, Abdul Haris xviii, 126, 127, 141, Nusantara 30, 223, 254 154, 163, 169, 170–2, 177, 183, 190, 195, 196, 203, 205, 209, 210, 216, Old Established Forces 233 218, 220, 223, 235, 237, 243, 247, Omar Dhani 231, 275 249, 255, 258 OPM (Free Papua Organisation) 269 Nasution, Adnan Buyung xviii, 208, 250, 299 Oppenheim, Jacques 31 National Conference (Musyawarah Outer islands, see Java Nasional) 186–7 National Council 181, 185, 199, 203, 209–10 Padang 30, 167 National Development Conference Paguyuban Pasundan 68 (Musyawarah Nasional PAI (Persatuan Arab Indonesia) 78, 90 Pembangunan) 187 Pakempalan Kawulo Ngajogjakarta 62 National Fraction 60, 65 Palar, L. N. 223 National Front 219 Palembang 134 National Front for the Liberation of West Pan-Asian solidarity 63, 87, 98, 104 Irian 223 Pancasila xvi, 107–8, 112, 157–8, 161, 162, National Indies Congress 45 165, 166, 178, 192, 193, 209, 216, National Monument (Monas) 221 217, 220, 222, 227, 230, 231, 234, native 3, 29, 33, 34, 78, 91–2 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242–5, 247, Natsir, Mohammad xviii, 80, 113, 121, 154, 248–50, 251, 252, 254, 256, 258, 259, 156, 159, 162, 165, 166–70, 182, 196, 260, 262, 265, 266, 270, 275, 282, 217, 255, 260–1 300, 309, 320 Nazir Pamoncak 77 Pane´, Armijn 72 Netherlands xvi, xvii, xx, 21–8, 31, 45, pangreh/pamong praja (territorial 47, 117, 143, 153, 159, 191–2, 224, administrative corps) 103, 116, 269, 315 204, 206 Netherlands Indies (state) xvii, 1, 21, 73, Papare, Silas 191 108, 123, 318 Papua, see New Guinea association/collaboration with the Papuans 16, 38, 50, 144–6, 224, 228, 240, Netherlands 6, 22, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 253, 287–8, 292, 311, 312 37, 38–43, 44, 77, 90, 92–5, 96, 120, Parada Harahap 63 128, 130, 133, 191 Paramadina 263

362 Index

Pararaton 30 PNI (Perserikatan Nasional Indonesia) xx, Pare-Pare xvii 64, 71, 78, 83, 84, 87, 121 Parii (Partai Islam Indonesia) 82 PNI Baru 75, 156 Parindra (Partai Indonesia Raya) 61, 63, 85 police 251, 255, 295, 304 parliament 16, 19, 27, 38, 40, 50, 51, 87, Political Manifesto 116, 119, 213 93, 95, 106, 156, 162, 168, 170, 178, political parties 114, 121–2, 153, 154, 184, 185, 189, 191, 192, 197, 210, 156–7, 170, 172, 175, 177–9, 211, 212, 219, 244, 280, 281, 282, 180–93, 196, 200, 205, 208, 209, 290, 294, 295, 296, 300, 301, 304 211, 212, 218, 219, 220, 230, 231, parliament (Dutch) 39, 41, 59, 120, 245, 246, 247, 275, 281, 299, 302, 143, 159 303, 322 Parmusi (Partai Muslimin Indonesia) 246 Politiek Economische Bond 42 Partai Sosialis 121 Polynesia(n) 1, 3 Partindo (Partai Indonesia) 54, 60, 72, 75, Pontianak 132, 133 84, 87 Poso 292, 293 Pasundan 31, 62, 66, 75, 107, 228 PPKI (Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan state of 132 Indonesia) 110, 113–15, 118 Patty, A. J. 31, 32, 68, 88 PPP (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan) 246, PBB (Partai Bulan Bintang) 297, 307 297, 300, 307 PBI (Partai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika) 290 PPPKI (Permufakatan Perhimpunan Politik PBI (Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia) xxi, 58, Kebangsaan Indonesia) 64, 74, 83 75, 85 Pramudya Ananta Tur 255, 283, 308 PDI(-P) (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Prawoto Mangkusasmito 80, 205 (–Perjuangan)) xx, 246, 280, 294, 296 press 12, 22, 54, 211, 222, 264, 281 Pekalongan 124, 276 priyayi, see aristocracy Pemuda Sumatra, see Jong Sumatranen Bond Protestant/Protestantism 114, 229, 253, Penang 6 254, 263 Perak 78 PRRI (Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Perhimpunan Indonesia, see Indische Indonesia) xx, xxi, 195–6, 199, 203, Vereeniging 205, 210, 234 Permesta (see also PRRI)195 PSI (Partai Sosialis Indonesia) xx, xxi, 156, Permi (Persatuan Muslimin Indonesia) 47, 162, 167, 178, 196, 205, 247, 256 62, 75, 84 PSI(I) (Partai Sarekat Islam/Partai Sarekat Persatuan Minahasa 66, 70, 74 Islam (Indonesia)) 74, 80–2, 83, Persatuan Perjuangan 111, 136 84, 165 Persatuan Tionghoa 119 PTI (Partai Tionghoa Indonesia) xvii, 78, 89 Perserikatan Minahasa 31, 78 Pujangga Baru 72 Persis (Persatuan Islam) 82, 165 PUSA (Persatuan Ulama2 Seluruh Aceh) Pertamina 272 xvi, xvii, 82, 99, 118, 137, 164 Peta xix, 101, 102, 127 Putera (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) 102 Petition of 50 255 Putri Indonesia 89 Petrus 251 Petrus Blumberger, J.Th. 75 Qahhar Mudzakkar, Abdul xviii, 152, 234 Philippines 3, 15, 78, 94, 103, 293 PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) xvi, xviii, race 5, 15, 16–19, 23–4, 25, 26, 28, 31, 45, 52, 71, 80, 87, 141, 156, 158, 159, 33–4, 59, 63, 70, 71, 77–8, 81, 89, 166, 178, 179, 181, 192, 193, 201, 202, 95, 109, 138, 145, 176, 231 205, 219, 222, 231, 232, 234–5, 236, Radical Concentration 44 238, 239, 240, 243, 255, 274 Rais, Amien 296, 297, 299 PKS (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera) 307 Rajiman Wediodiningrat 105, 110 Plas, Ch. O. van der 47, 91 Rashid Rida, Muhammad 10 Pleyte, C. M. 3 Rasyid, Ryaas xix, 290, 300 PNI (Partai Nasional Indonesia) (post-war) Ratu Langie, G. S. S. J. xix, 26, 38, 44, 66, xix, 121, 156, 157, 159, 175, 178, 182, 68, 69, 70, 113, 129 185, 192, 193, 217, 260 Reform Commission 35, 38–9, 41

Index 363

regional rebellion (see also PRRI)168, 169, Sartono 227 179, 180, 200, 205, 213, 223 Sarwo Edhie Wibowo 240 regions/regionalism 26, 31, 41, 43, 59, Sasono, Adi 262 66–9, 70, 82, 94, 109, 113, 114, Sastroamijoyo, Ali xix, 49, 159, 162, 169, 115, 129, 149, 151, 160, 165, 166–70, 178, 179, 183, 184, 185, 189, 232 177, 184, 185, 186, 187, 197, 203, Satromulyono 86 205, 218, 219, 233, 249, 251, Sastrosatomo, Subadio 187, 220 253, 266, 290, 293, 296, 315, 316, Sastrosatomo, Sudarpo 118 319, 321 Saud, Ibn 47 Reid, Anthony 309 Saudi Arabia 261, 306 religion 15, 20, 25, 31, 43, 54, 70, 73, Sawito Kartowibowo 255 107, 125, 138, 151, 153, 165, 166, Schermerhorn, Willem 120 180, 193, 211, 229, 231, 249, 251, Schrieke, B. J. O. 28 253, 258, 259, 262, 263, 275, 276, Scidmore, Eliza 5, 7 283, 284, 292, 297, 300, 315, 316, secession 113, 164, 166, 268, 319 317, 322 secular/secularism 14, 18, 20, 54, 72, 84, Renville agreement 128, 136 156, 166, 208, 229, 260, 261, 262, 307 republic 28, 108 Semarang 32, 90, 192 Resink, G. J. 4, 86 Semaun 20, 51, 56 Retnodhoemilah 8 Sendenbu 99 revolution xvii, xviii, xix, 25, 45, 52, Seruan Azhar 46, 47 53, 56, 87, 129, 137, 140–1, 147, Shimura, Gen. 103 148, 154, 160, 163, 168, 171, 172, Short Declaration 4 175, 179, 183, 189, 190, 197, 199, Siam 316 216, 218, 219, 222, 225, 227, 229, Siauw Giok Chan 176 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 241, Siddiq, Ahmad 262 244, 256, 264, 278, 281, 308, 309, Silalahi, Harry Can 32 312, 317 Siliwangi division xviii, 127, 128, 236 social revolution 124, 136, 140–1, 156 Simanjuntak, Marsillam 299 Riau 289, 291 Simatupang, T. B. 166, 263 Ricklefs, M. C. 56, 197 Simbolon, Mauluddin 169 Ritsema van Eck, S. 6 Singapore 6, 10, 100, 110, 175 Rivai, Abdul 46, 47 Sinn Fein 59 Round Table Conference/Agreements 143, Situmorang, Sitor 219, 222 146, 150, 175, 191 smuggling 167, 175 Rukun Tani 61 Sneevliet, H. J. 20, 46 Rum, Mohammad xix, 80, 136, 143, Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan xix, 3, 5, 9, 146, 205 22, 26, 29, 43, 46 Rumbiak, John 288, 292 social violence 158, 159, 202, 238, 239, Ryamizard Ryacudu 282, 285, 288 240, 260, 272, 276, 277, 281, 289, 304, 314, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322 Sabang 191, 225, 229, 264 socialism 27, 57–8, 95, 121, 139, 140–1, Said, Mohamad 222 199, 210, 226, 233, 234, 235, 241 Salim, Emil 271, 280 Soe Hok-gie 263 Salim, Haji Agus xix, 33, 37, 45, 52, 78, 80, Solo see Surakarta 82, 105, 122 Soumokil, Ch. R. S. 152 Sanyo Kaigi (Council of Advisors) 102 Southeast Asia 293, 308 Sarekat Ambon 31, 32–3, 50, 68, 74 Soviet Union 284, 319 Sarekat Hindia 20 Srivijaya 73, 78 Sarekat Islam xvi, xviii, xix, 11–13, 16, 20, STOVIA (School for the Training of Native 22, 31, 34, 45, 46, 74, 75, 80 Doctors) 10 Sarekat Madura 66 Strategic Reserve 304 Sarekat Rakyat 52 Subandrio 275 Sarikat Ibu 89 Subarjo, Ahmad 121 Sarikat Kaum Ibu Sumatra 89 Subiyakto 273

364 Index

Sucipto 242, 243 Sumatranen-Bond 66 Sudharmono 274 Sumitro 240, 275 Sudirman xix, 127, 147 Sumitro Joyohadikusumo xx, 122, 127, 196 Sudomo 255 Sunarjo 77 Suharto xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxiii, Sunda(nese) 7, 31, 38, 54, 66, 68, 228, 292 101, 102, 179, 204, 216, 224, 239–79, Sundanese language 65, 70 281, 282, 283, 286, 293, 294, 297, Suny, Ismail 263 300, 301, 303, 304, 308, 309, 310, Supomo xx, 51, 105–6, 109, 114, 173, 231, 312, 314, 318, 319 244, 250, 257 Suharto, Ibu Tien 253, 254 Suprayogi 203 Sujarwo Condronegoro 220 Supreme Court 295 Sujatmoko xx, 167, 172, 185, 189, 196, Supreme War Authority (Peperti) 220, 235 201, 205, 208, 217, 238 Surabaya xvi, 45, 74, 85, 116, 117, 124, Sukarno xvi, xvii, xviii, xx, 30, 51, 52, 57, 138, 187 58, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69, 71, 73–4, 75, Surakarta 46, 81, 124, 228 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 98, Suriname 31, 39, 96 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107–11, Suriokusumo, Sutatno xx, 11, 15, 153 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, Suripno 140 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 134, Suryaningrat, Suwardi xx, 14, 16, 17, 20, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 43, 46, 51, 83, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 157, 158, 229, 315 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, Suryoputro, R. M. S. 23, 28, 33 168, 169, 170, 171, 179–85, 186, Sutarjo Kartohadikusumo xxi, 48, 63, 70, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 72, 91, 95, 105 197, 199–238, 239, 240, 241, 242, Sutikno Slamet 175 244, 256, 261, 264, 270, 271, 277, Sutomo xxi, 28, 45, 46, 49, 55, 58, 60, 61, 278, 280, 282, 283, 294, 317, 320 63, 65, 83, 257 Sukiman Wiryosanjoyo xx, 59, 65, 68, 82, Sutomo (Bung Tomo) 187 154, 159 Sutowo, Ibnu 272 Sukowati 220, 237 Sutrisno, Try 274 Sulawesi xviii, 38, 40, 45, 93, 107, 152, Suwarto 236, 237 164, 293 Suwiryo 182 central Sulawesi 292 Syafei, Muhammad 117, 129 North Sulawesi xix Syafi’i Ma’arif 298 South Sulawesi xix, 129, 131, 135, 137, Syafruddin Prawiranegara xxi, 80, 195, 260 152, 195, 234 Syahrir, Sutan xxi, 50, 54, 55, 57, 62, 64, Sumarjan, Selo 290 69, 71, 75, 79, 87, 112, 116, 121, 122, Sumatera Thawalib 56 124, 125–6, 130, 139, 140, 141, 147, Sumatra(n) xvi, 5, 16, 21, 31, 32, 40, 45, 154, 156, 163, 172, 174, 188, 190, 49, 50, 62, 65, 66, 67, 72, 80, 84, 93, 197, 199, 200, 201, 205, 230, 256 97, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 117, Syaifuddin Zuhri 189 118, 119, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, Syamsuddin, Din 248 139, 149, 153, 167, 195, 203, 228, Syansuri, Bisri 215 268, 292 syariah (Islamic law) 83, 104, 108, 109, state of 131 121, 156, 157, 163, 165, 284, 285, Central Sumatra 169 297, 298, 307, 308 East Sumatra(n) 5, 101, 103, 124, Syarifuddin, Amir xxi, 63, 65, 101, 130, 167 102, 138 state of 130, 132 North Sumatra 164, 169 Tagore, Rabindranath 51 South Sumatra 169 Taiwan 3, 4, 176 state of 132, 150 Taman Siswa xx, 52 West Sumatra(n) xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, Tan Malaka xviii, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 68, xxii, 8, 13, 37, 56, 83, 89, 129, 136, 147 136, 206 Tanah Merah 57

Index 365

Tangerang 119 Utrecht, Ernst 185 Tanjung Priok riots 260 Utrecht, University of 48 Tapanuli 86 Tasikmalaya 276 Vaderlandsche Club 60 technocrats 156, 163, 247, 256, 271, Van Dijk, Kees 203 272, 279 van Klinken, Gerry 132 Tempo 312 Vickers, Adrian xxiv Terauchi Hisaichi 110 Vietnam 1, 111, 128 terrorism xvi, 156, 163, 293, 308 Visman, F. H. 95 Thamrin, Mohammad Husni xxi, 57, 60–1, Volksraad xxi, 7, 25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 38, 63, 65, 66, 88, 92 39, 41, 42, 48, 60, 65, 76, 89, 91, 92, The Hague 7, 22, 23, 38, 60, 95 93, 95 theosophy xvii, xx, 11, 33, 83 Vollenhoven, Cornelis van xx, xxi, 19, 38, Tidore 191 43, 46, 51 Timika 288 Timor(ese) 16, 31, 50, 164 Wahab Chasbullah 204, 216 Timor (Portuguese) 108, 111 Wahid, Abdurrahman xx, xxi, xxii, 261, Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan 11 262, 273, 274, 280, 281, 282, 284, Tiro, Hasan Muhammad 206, 268 285, 292, 295, 304, 305 Tirtoadisuryo, Raden Mas 12 Wahid Hasyim, K. A. 109, 117 Tito, Josip Broz 270 Wahidin Sudirohusodo xxi, 8, 10 Tobing, Jakob 294 Wanandi, Sofyan 273 Tojo Hideki 101, 102 Wawasan Nusantara 254–5 trade unions 251, 275, 276 West New Guinea, see New Guinea transmigration 5, 253 Westerling, R. P. P. 152 Truth and Reconciliation Wibisono, Yusuf 80 Commission 310 Wijoyo Nitisastro xxi, 271 Tull, T. S. 116, 135, 138 Wilhelmina, Queen 96, 120, 128, 130 Tumbelaka, R. 66 Wilken, G. A. 2–3, 29 Tumenggong, Sutan 31 Wilopo 154, 173 Wirahadikusumah, Agus 303, 304 ule`e¨balang 99, 118 Wiranto 303, 304 United Nations 151, 159, 191, 220, 224, Wiryono Projodikoro 183 225, 233, 269, 287, 295 women 88–9, 141, 180, 211, 222, 252, 309 United States of America 18, 143, 146, 147, Wongsonegoro 58, 78, 142 204, 224, 225, 233, 236, 269, 270, 305, 306, 307, 316 Yaacob, Ibrahim 78, 111 United States of Indonesia 128, 134, Ya’kub, Ilyas 47 142, 143, 145, 147, 149, 150, Yahya, Yunus xxi, 254 151, 161 Yamin, Muhammad xxii, 63, 65, 78, 105, unity 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28, 108, 110, 114, 218, 223 33–5, 40, 41, 45, 47, 59–60, 66, Yani, Achmad xxii 72, 73, 77–8, 79, 82, 83, 90, 93, Yap Hong Cun 25 99, 101, 102, 107, 113, 127, 137–8, Yap Thiam Hien 222, 263 140, 146, 151, 152, 153, 158, 163, Yo Heng Kam 89 171, 181, 197, 202, 204, 218, Yogyakarta 5, 35, 62, 116, 152, 171, 227–9, 240, 241, 244, 248, 251, 228, 263 254, 277, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang xxii, 282, 292, 293, 296, 304, 305, 306, 310, 303, 311 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, Yugoslavia 270, 319 319, 322 Yunus, Mahmud 47