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Capa 32.Indd ISSN 1678586-X 824 Fundação 9 771678 586004 Alexandre de Gusmão CADERNOS DO CHDD Neste número ANO 17 NÚMERO 32 PRIMEIRO SEMESTRE 2018 Carta do editor DO CADERNOS Londres A correspondência da embaixada em Londres entre 1940-42: universalização da guerra e a posição brasileira Pablo Saturnino Braga Rio da Prata (Buenos Aires) A Missão de Antonio Cândido Ferreira nas Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata (1832-34): uma perspectiva diplomática da instabilidade regional Lydia de Carvalho e Thayná Fuly CHDD N.32 www.funag.gov.br FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO ISSN 1678586-X 824 Fundação 9 771678 586004 Alexandre de Gusmão CADERNOS DO CHDD Neste número ANO 17 NÚMERO 32 PRIMEIRO SEMESTRE 2018 Carta do editor DO CADERNOS Londres A correspondência da embaixada em Londres entre 1940-42: universalização da guerra e a posição brasileira Pablo Saturnino Braga Rio da Prata (Buenos Aires) A Missão de Antonio Cândido Ferreira nas Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata (1832-34): uma perspectiva diplomática da instabilidade regional Lydia de Carvalho e Thayná Fuly CHDD N.32 www.funag.gov.br FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Cadernos do CHDD ano 17 • número 32 • primeiro semestre 2018 Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Aloysio Nunes Ferreira Filho Secretário-Geral Embaixador Marcos Bezerra Abbott Galvão FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Centro de Hístória e Documentação Diplomática Diretor Embaixador Gelson Fonseca Junior Conselho Editorial da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Presidente: Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Membros: Embaixador Gelson Fonseca Junior Embaixador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Embaixador Jorio Dauster Magalhães e Silva Embaixador José Estanislau do Amaral Souza Embaixador Eduardo Paes Saboia Embaixador Paulo Roberto de Almeida Ministro Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor Eiiti Sato A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão (FUNAG), instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. O Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática (CHDD), orgão da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão/ MRE, fica no Palácio Itamaraty, Rio de Janeiro, prédio onde está depositado um dos mais ricos acervos sobre o tema, e tem por objetivo estimular os estudos sobre a história das relações internacionais e diplomáticas do Brasil. www.funag.gov.br/chdd Cadernos do CHDD Sumário CARTA DO EDITOR 7 LONDRES - (1940-1942) A correspondência da embaixada em Londres entre 1940-42: universalização da guerra e a posição brasileira Pablo Saturnino Braga 15 Correspondência – 1940 25 – 1941 143 – 1942 345 RIO DA PRATA - (Buenos Aires, 1832-1834) A Missão de Antonio Cândido Ferreira nas Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata (1832-34): uma perspectiva diplomática da instabilidade regional Lydia de Carvalho e Thayná Fuly 419 Correspondência – 1832 431 – 1833 493 – 1834 577 Carta do Editor Este número do Cadernos dá sequência a dois projetos de largo escopo do CHDD: a publicação da cor- respondência dos enviados no Rio da Prata na primeira metade do século XIX e a dos embaixadores na Europa no contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A revista se preocu- pou, desde os primeiros números, em levantar e divulgar a correspondência de nossos enviados na América do Sul no século XIX. Sua importância é evidente já que, naquele período, o trabalho diplomático está ligado à formação da nacionalidade, e a política externa começava a definir sua vocação e objetivos, em um país ainda vulnerável a divisões e conflitos internos. Neste número, publicamos a correspondência de Antonio Cândido Ferreira, o enviado brasileiro em Buenos Aires entre 1832 e 1834. De outro lado, apresentada pelo pesquisador Pablo Saturnino Braga, completamos a série da Embaixada em Londres com os telegramas e ofícios trocados entre 1940-1942. A publi- cação do trabalho da embaixada se dividiu em três etapas, começando no Cadernos n. 30, que cobriu o período de 1937-38 e focaliza a política de pacificação de Chamberlain no pré-Guerra; no n. 31, a correspondência está voltada para os primeiros movimentos do conflito e seus efeitos, entre 1938 e 1940. Agora, a correspondência publicada chega até agosto de 1942, já apontando o desfecho da Guerra, com o estabelecimento das novas alianças entre as potências envolvidas. 7 O embaixador Moniz de Aragão, que assina a corres- pondência de Londres, era um diplomata experimentado e que, em sua missão anterior, chefiara a Embaixada em Berlim a partir de dezembro 1935. De lá saiu, declarado persona non grata em represália à decisão brasileira de afastar, em 1938, o embaixador alemão, Karl Ritter, acusado de interferir em assuntos internos nacionais, essencialmente, patrocinando a propaganda nazista. Moniz de Aragão tinha experiência e conhecimento para ser, ao mesmo tempo, um atento cronista da evolução cotidiana da guerra e um intér- prete rigoroso dos acontecimentos na Europa vistos pela perspectiva britânica. O interesse da documentação nasce da própria abrangência que marca a crônica da guerra ela- borada pelo embaixador. Nada escapa à sua consideração: dos movimentos dos exércitos na Europa ou no Oriente Médio, às agruras da população britânica e especialmente londrina. Não deixa de relatar os efeitos dos bombardeios sobre o pessoal diplomático brasileiro. A leitura combi- nada de seus relatórios mensais sobre a situação política, a evolução da guerra e da economia fornecem um quadro sistemático e rico de informações sobre a Grã-Bretanha naquele período. Exatamente por sua abrangência – e por acompanhar o cotidiano dos acontecimentos – a documentação oferece ao leitor referências minuciosas sobre cada episódio da guerra. Há longos ofícios sobre a relação entre a Rússia e a Alemanha, sobre as perspectivas do conflito no Oriente Médio etc. Creio, porém, que para o pesquisador a contri- buição específica da documentação é a apresentação das avaliações do que acontecia e de prognósticos consistentes sobre o que poderia acontecer. É interessante ler, nos ofícios, a argumentação sobre determinadas opções estratégicas. De que maneira os EUA vão se comportar? Como evoluirá a relação entre Hitler e Mussolini? A Alemanha nazista é uma ameaça à América do Sul? A Alemanha invadirá os Balcãs? O que significam as tentativas de paz propostas por Hitler? Como se com- portará a Turquia? As indagações poderiam se multiplicar e revê-las é um caminho rico para entender a evolução da 8 guerra e, sobretudo, para entender as opções que foram seguidas e as que não foram e porquê. Interessante também é a descrição que faz Moniz de Aragão do medo diante da possibilidade de invasão alemã e da continuidade da vida “normal” em Londres. Vale sublinhar, ainda, a riqueza das informações que o embaixador transmite sobre a economia britâ- nica, incluindo em um dos seus ofícios longo estudo de Colin Clark1, um dos formuladores do uso do conceito de produto nacional bruto, sobre economia de guerra. Em relação ao Brasil, além dos problemas bilaterais de comércio e de finanças, a preocupação maior dos bri- tânicos (e dos EUA, também) foi com a possibilidade de que a expansão nazista avançasse pela América do Sul. O Brasil seria dos mais vulneráveis, exatamente em virtude da importante presença da comunidade alemã no Sul do país. Menciono ainda os ofícios que trazem notícias de imprensa, especialmente os recortes do South American Magazine, a revista que se ocupava da “imagem” sul-ameri- cana em Londres. Sabe-se pouco da vida de Antonio Cândido Ferreira, designado pelo imperador, em 1830, como chefe da Legação Brasileira junto às Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata, além de cônsul-geral. Tinha, portanto, funções diplomáticas e consulares, e teve o que fazer nas duas... A correspondên- cia que enviou de Buenos Aires, aqui apresentada por duas graduandas do curso de História da UFRJ, estagiárias do CHDD, Thayná Fuly e Lydia de Carvalho, é valiosa para entendermos o período e, sobretudo, como se desenhavam os primeiros passos da relação entre o Brasil e a Argen- tina. Como vimos na correspondência da missão de Manuel Correa da Câmara em Buenos Aires, no número anterior, os movimentos não foram simples. Depois do reconhecimento formal, mas precário em virtude da disputa em relação à Província Cisplatina, as relações foram suspensas até 1828. Cândido Ferreira chega quatro anos depois para dar início ao processo de aproximação diplomática, como, aliás, 1 AHI 28/2/3. Ofício da embaixada do Brasil em Londres 4 jun. 1941. Disponível em: <http://www.funag.gov.br/chdd/index.php/pesquisas-complementares>. 9 indicam claramente as instruções de sua missão. O cenário onde vai trabalhar é complexo e não faltam instabilidade e rivalidade. A instabilidade é interna aos países com as difi- culdades que enfrenta a Argentina para consolidar o Estado nacional, diante das rivalidades entre Buenos Aires e as pro- víncias interiores. Do lado do Brasil, no período regencial, revoltas e guerras civis confrontam o poder central. Mas, a instabilidade se confunde com rivalidade já que, se o fim da Guerra da Cisplatina criara-se um Estado – o Uruguai – não garantira a sua estabilidade, muito menos o fim das rivalida- des seculares, herdadas de Portugal e Espanha, entre Brasil e as Províncias Unidas no Prata. Cândido Ferreira tem ofícios que revelam aspectos da complexidade do quadro em que atua. Sabe lidar com os personagens que marcam aquele momento – como os ministros argentinos e os generais Juan Manuel de Rosas e Juan Antonio Lavalleja – e também sabe retratá-los. Não são personagens simples, com Rosas a tentar dominar as Províncias Unidas e reconstituir o Vice-Reinado do Prata; com Lavalleja a buscar controlar o Uruguai, esperando assistência brasileira; com Facundo Quiroga, o símbolo da barbárie no clássico de Sarmiento.
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