Security Council Distr.: General 20 December 2012
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Country of Origin Information Report Syria June 2021
Country of origin information report Syria June 2021 Page 1 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Publication details City The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (DAF/AB) Disclaimer: The Dutch version of this report is leading. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands cannot be held accountable for misinterpretations based on the English version of the report. Page 2 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Table of contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of contents ..........................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................5 1 Political and security situation .................................................................... 6 1.1 Political and administrative developments ...........................................................6 1.1.1 Government-held areas ....................................................................................6 1.1.2 Areas not under government control. ............................................................... 11 1.1.3 COVID-19 ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Armed groups ............................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Government forces ....................................................................................... -
Post-Reconciliation Rural Damascus: Are Local Communities Still Represented?
Post-Reconciliation Rural Damascus: Are Local Communities Still Represented? Mazen Ezzi Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 27 November 2020 2020/16 © European University Institute 2020 Content and individual chapters © Mazen Ezzi 2020 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2020/16 27 November 2020 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Funded by the European Union Post-Reconciliation Rural Damascus: Are Local Communities Still Represented? Mazen Ezzi * Mazen Ezzi is a Syrian researcher working on the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) project within the Middle East Directions Programme hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. Ezzi’s work focuses on the war economy in Syria and regime-controlled areas. This research report was first published in Arabic on 19 November 2020. It was translated into English by Alex Rowell. -
Spotlight on Iran (October 15-29, 2017)
Spotlight on Iran October 15-29, 2017 Author: Dr. Raz Zimmt Overview At the center of events of the past two weeks was the visit to Syria of the Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces, Mohammad Bagheri. This is Bagheri’s second official visit outside of Iran since assuming his post in June 2016, following his visit to Turkey in August.. During his visit, Bagheri met with President Assad, the Syrian minister of defense and the Syrian chief of staff and discussed with them developments in the Syrian battlefield and increasing military and security cooperation between the two countries. Bagheri conveyed a personal message from the Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei and toured the frontlines in the areas of Aleppo and Lattakia. The visit of the Iranian chief of staff represents another step in the Iranian effort to gain a long-term military foothold in Syria and increase its influence in Syria in the post-ISIS era. Meanwhile, the fighting in Syria continues to exact its toll on Iranian forces: a commander of an Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) battalion and three additional fighters were killed in Syria in the past two weeks. Alongside its military effort, Iran is acting to increase its religious influence in Syria. Last week, a senior Iranian official declared that the dispatch of Iranian pilgrims to the Shi’ite holy sites in Syria will be soon renewed. The director of the Headquarter for Reconstruction of Shia Holy Sites in Syria and Iraq stated that over the past year, Iran has carried out reconstruction and restoration work of the holy Shi’ite sites in Syria, which were damaged in the fighting during the civil war, most important among them being the Sayyidah Zaynab Shrine south of Damascus. -
Algemeen Ambtsbericht Syrië Juni 2021
Algemeen Ambtsbericht Syrië juni 2021 Pagina 1 van 112 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Syrië | juni 2021 Colofon Plaats Den Haag Opgesteld door Afdeling Ambtsberichten (DAF/AB) Pagina 2 van 112 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Syrië | juni 2021 Inhoudsopgave Colofon ....................................................................................................... 2 Inhoudsopgave ............................................................................................. 3 Inleiding ...................................................................................................... 5 1 Politieke en veiligheidssituatie .................................................................... 7 1.1 Politieke en bestuurlijke ontwikkelingen ........................................................... 7 1.1.1 Regeringsgebied ........................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Gebieden niet onder regeringscontrole. ........................................................... 12 1.1.3 Covid-19 .................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Gewapende actoren ..................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Regeringsstrijdkrachten ................................................................................ 16 1.2.2 Veiligheidsdiensten in gebieden onder controle van de Syrische regering .............. 16 1.2.3 Veiligheidsdiensten in gebieden onder controle van andere actoren ..................... 18 1.2.4 IS -
Engendering Refugees' Livelihood Strategies: the Case of the Iraqi
Engendering refugees’ livelihood strategies: the case of the Iraqi diaspora in Damascus By Giorgio Heinrich neidhardt Fondazione Terre des Hommes Italia Onlus Abstract This study looks at the gender dimension in Iraqis’ livelihood strategies in Syria in the period immediately before the present uprising and repression. It suggests that the lack of resources in Syria has meant that Iraqis have ‘activated’ resources elsewhere, outside Syria and outside the environment of institutional humanitarian assistance, and examines the implications of these transnational practices for Iraqi families and their networks. In the first part of this paper I analyse the characteristics of the host country, starting from the urban milieu in which the refugee communities are situated. I note the relative unimportance of ethnic and sectarian affiliation within the Iraqi diaspora in Syria, and focus on the more significant social and economic constraints on recent refugees following the enforcement by the Syrian government of stricter regulations on entry and stay, and the subsequent separation of families between Iraq and Syria. In the second part I examine the dependence of Iraqi refugees in Syria on family networks to cope with the restrictive measures of the host country on the one hand, and with the conflict in Iraq on the other, in order to comprehend how gender in the Iraqi diaspora in Syria constitutes a determining element with respect to livelihood strategies. Introduction Since 2003 debate has grown among both prac- understood as the circulation of people, repre- titioners and academics on urban displacement sentations, ideas, goods and services across and and gender in the Iraqi diaspora. -
Shiite-Militias-In-S
The Implementation of Iran’s Axis of Influence Dr. Shimon Karmi The Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC)’s Air Force giving his threatening address regarding the USA with several of the Iranian militia’s flags in the background. Source: https://ara.tv/2dup7. (accessed: 16.02.2020) 1 Table of Contents The Shi’ite Militias in Syria: The Implementation of Iran’s Axis of Influence……………………………………………………. 1 Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 The Shi’ite Militias in Syria: In Practice………………………………………………………….………………………………………………….. 7 The Financial Cost of the Militias’ Funding …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………. 9 About the Research ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………. 9 The Harakat Hizballah al-Nujaba Movement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Asa’ib Ahl al-Hag ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Liwa Fatemiyoun ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Liwa Zainabyon from Pakistan …………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………… 21 Liwa Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas ……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 22 The Dhu al-Fiqar Brigade ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23 Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26 Revolutionary Guards' Basij ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 The Villages’ Army: A New Militia in Syria ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 Flaws of the -
Conseil De Sécurité Distr
Nations Unies S/2012/530 Conseil de sécurité Distr. générale 19 octobre 2012 Français Original : anglais Lettres identiques datées du 9 juillet 2012, adressées au Secrétaire général et au Président du Conseil de sécurité par le Représentant permanent de la République arabe syrienne auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies D’ordre de mon gouvernement et comme suite aux lettres que je vous ai adressées les 16 à 20 et 23 à 25 avril, 7, 11, 14 à 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 et 31 mai, 1er, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19, 20, 25, 27 et 28 juin et 2, 3 et 9 juillet 2012, j’ai l’honneur de vous faire tenir ci-joint une liste détaillée des violations des dispositions du plan prévoyant la cessation de la violence, commises le 4 juillet 2012 par des groupes armés en Syrie (voir annexe). Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de la présente lettre et de son annexe comme document du Conseil de sécurité. L’Ambassadeur, Représentant permanent (Signé) Bashar Ja’afari 12-55874 (F) 221012 251012 *1255874* S/2012/530 Annexe aux lettres identiques datées du 9 juillet 2012 adressées au Secrétaire général et au Président du Conseil de sécurité par le Représentant permanent de la République arabe syrienne auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies [Original : arabe] Wednesday, 4 July 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. At 2100 hours on 3 July 2012, an armed terrorist group opened fire on law enforcement personnel in Hirista, wounding 14. 2. At 0100 hours, an armed terrorist group opened fire on a military barracks in Kiswah. -
Security Council Distr.: General 19 October 2012
United Nations S/2012/515 Security Council Distr.: General 19 October 2012 Original: English Identical letters dated 2 July 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, and 1, 4, 6, 7, 11, 19, 20, 25, 27 and 28 June 2012, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 27 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 12-56096 (E) 241012 241012 *1256096* S/2012/515 Annex to the identical letters dated 2 July 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Wednesday, 27 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. On 27 June 2012 at 2200 hours, an armed terrorist group opened fire on a military barracks in the Qastal area. 2. At 0200 hours, an armed terrorist group opened fire on law enforcement personnel in the vicinity of the Industry School in Ra's al-Nab‘, Qatana. 3. At 0630 hours, an armed terrorist group attacked and detonated explosive devices at the Syrian Ikhbariyah satellite channel building in Darwasha in the vicinity of Khan al-Shaykh, killing Corporal Ma'mun Awasu, Conscript Tal‘at al-Qatalji, Conscript Mash‘al al-Musa and Conscript Abdulqadir Sakin. -
Militär Utveckling Och Territoriell Kontroll I Syriens 14 Provinser
TEMARAPPORT 2017-01-12, version 1.0 Militär utveckling och territoriell kontroll i Syriens 14 provinser Bakgrundsbilden ska: - vara fri att använda - ha bra/hög upplösning - fylla hela rutan 27 - 04 - L04 2016 L04 Lifos Temarapport: Militär utveckling och territoriell kontroll i Syriens 14 provinser Om rapporten Denna rapport är skriven i enlighet med EU:s allmänna riktlinjer för framtagande av landinformation (2008). Den är en opartisk presentation av tillförlitlig och relevant landinformation avsedd för handläggning av migrationsärenden. Rapporten bygger på noggrant utvalda informationskällor. Alla källor refereras med undantag för beskrivning av allmänna förhållanden eller där Lifos expert är en källa, vilket i så fall anges. För att få en så fullständig bild som möjligt bör rapporten inte användas exklusivt som underlag i samband med avgörandet av ett enskilt ärende utan tillsammans med andra källor. Informationen i rapporten återspeglar inte Migrationsverkets officiella ståndpunkt i en viss fråga och Lifos har ingen avsikt att genom rapporten göra politiska eller rättsliga ställningstaganden. Temarapport: Militär utveckling och territoriell kontroll i Syriens 14 provinser 2017-01-12, version 1.0 Lifos – Center för landinformation och landanalys inom migrationsområdet © Migrationsverket (Swedish Migration Agency), 2017 Publikationen kan laddas ner från http://lifos.migrationsverket.se 2017-01-12, version 1.0 2 (49) Lifos Temarapport: Militär utveckling och territoriell kontroll i Syriens 14 provinser Innehåll 1. English summary ................................................................................... -
Lady Zaynab Peace Be Upon Her
Lady Zaynab (Peace be Upon Her) Author : Shaikh Musa Muhammad Publisher's Word Introduction The Blessed Newborn Scholarly Capacities Personality Traditions of Lady Zaynab The Caliph's Reigns Umar's Reign The Kharijite's Sedition The Black Reign Ubaydullah Ibn Ziyad in Kufa In Karabala Even The Newborn Lady Zaynab in Captivity Yazid's Gloating Lady Zaynab and A Syrian Man Presented by http://www.alhassanain.com & http://www.islamicblessings.com Ziyarat of Lady Zaynab Publisher's Word All praise is due to Almighty Allah Who will reward those who sacrificed their lives for His sake and declared the word of right fearlessly so as to extend justice and honesty on this earth and contribute in achieving the purpose for which He has created the creatures. Allah's peace and all blesssing be uon Muhammad and his infallible Household who suffered troubles and encountered horrible adversities; all for taking humankind to the eternal pleasure and serving Almighty Allah in the best way. In the history of humankind, one can find many names whose principles encouraged them to declare the word of right an djustice openly in the faces of the wrongdoers and the unjust. This book deals with a lady who entered the field of struggle against wrong strongly and said the word of right and justice in the faces of the wrongdoers and opressors. The echoes of this lady's words are still disturbing every tyrant and still reminding history of her immortal The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. -
Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013
United Nations S/2012/400 Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013 Original: English Identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, and 1 and 4 June 2012, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 2 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 13-20345 (E) 170113 170113 *1320345* S/2012/400 Annex to the identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Saturday, 2 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. On 1/2/2012 at 1900, an armed terrorist group fired at law enforcement checkpoints in Hamuriyah, Bayt Sawa, and Misraya in Duma, killing Sgt. Bakri al-Sha'ar, wounding 15 others, and damaging 2 vehicles. 2. On 1/6/2012 at 2000, an armed terrorist group fired at law enforcement personnel in Darayya and Ma'adamiyah. 3. On 1/6/2012 at 2030, an armed terrorist group fired at law enforcement personnel in Qatna, killing warrant officer Farras Saqr and wounding another. -
Hezbollah Involvement in the Syrian Civil War
June 17, 2013 Hezbollah Involvement in the Syrian Civil War The heads of the "resistance camp:" Ahmadinejad, Bashar Assad and Hassan Nasrallah on the backdrop of Syrian and Hezbollah flags (Sablat Oman forum, March 8, 2012) Overview1 1. For Iran and Hezbollah, the preservation of Bashar Assad's regime is of supreme strategic importance. Syria is Iran's greatest "resistance camp" ally, providing it with a firm foothold in the heart of the Middle East as well as political and military influence. Syria also plays a vital role in Hezbollah's military buildup, helping it to construct offensive and deterrent capabilities against Israel. For Iran and Hezbollah, the fall of the Syrian regime would be a disaster, it would weaken Iran's regional position against the United States and Israel and damage Hezbollah's military capabilities and political influence in Lebanon. 2. Iran and Hezbollah have not only strategic interests, but also feel religious- sectarian solidarity for Syria's Shi'ite population (an estimated 400,000-450,000 strong) and with the Alawite sect that rules Syria. That solidarity, noticeable in 1 Full version. This document was updated after the Hebrew Internet version had been issued. 62-13 2 Nasrallah's recent speeches, has became stronger since the Syrian Shi'ites and their holy sites in Syria became targets for harassment by the rebels (particularly organizations affiliated with Al-Qaeda, such as the Al-Nusra Front, which considers Shi'ites as infidels). 3. With those dangers in mind, Iran and Hezbollah employ two parallel strategic courses: the first, immediate course is intended to prop up the Syrian regime's ability to survive and continue governing, and entails military, economic, political and propaganda support.