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Chapter 9 Establishment of the Sewerage Development Master Plan
The study on sewerage system development in the Syrian Arab Republic Final Report CHAPTER 9 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SEWERAGE DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN 9.1 Basic Condition for Master Plan 9.1.1 Target Year One of Japan’s most highly authoritative design guideline entitled, “Design Guidelines for Sewerage System” prescribes that the target year for a sewerage development plan shall be set approximately 20 years later than the current year. This is due to the following reasons: • The useful life of both the facilities and the construction period should extend over a long period of time; • Of special significance to sewer pipe construction is the phasing of the capacity strengthening. This should be based on the sewage volume increase although this may be quite difficult to track; • Therefore, the sewerage facility plan shall be based on long-term prospect, such as the long-term urbanization plan. In as much as this study started in November 2006, the year 2006 can be regarded as the “present” year. Though 20 years after 2006 is 2026, this was correspondingly adjusted as 2025. Hence, the year 2025 was adopted as target year for this Study. 9.1.2 Sanitation System / Facilities The abovementioned guideline describes “service area” as the area to be served by the sewerage system, as follows: • Since the service area provides the fundamental condition for the sewerage system development plan, investment-wise, the economic and O&M aspects shall be dully examined upon the delineation of the area. • The optimum area, the area where the target pollution reduction can be achieved as stipulated in theover-all development plan, shall be selected carefully. -
A Case Study on Demographic Engineering in Syria No Return to Homs a Case Study on Demographic Engineering in Syria
No Return to Homs A case study on demographic engineering in Syria No Return to Homs A case study on demographic engineering in Syria Colophon ISBN/EAN: 978-94-92487-09-4 NUR 689 PAX serial number: PAX/2017/01 Cover photo: Bab Hood, Homs, 21 December 2013 by Young Homsi Lens About PAX PAX works with committed citizens and partners to protect civilians against acts of war, to end armed violence, and to build just peace. PAX operates independently of political interests. www.paxforpeace.nl / P.O. Box 19318 / 3501 DH Utrecht, The Netherlands / [email protected] About TSI The Syria Institute (TSI) is an independent, non-profit, non-partisan research organization based in Washington, DC. TSI seeks to address the information and understanding gaps that to hinder effective policymaking and drive public reaction to the ongoing Syria crisis. We do this by producing timely, high quality, accessible, data-driven research, analysis, and policy options that empower decision-makers and advance the public’s understanding. To learn more visit www.syriainstitute.org or contact TSI at [email protected]. Executive Summary 8 Table of Contents Introduction 12 Methodology 13 Challenges 14 Homs 16 Country Context 16 Pre-War Homs 17 Protest & Violence 20 Displacement 24 Population Transfers 27 The Aftermath 30 The UN, Rehabilitation, and the Rights of the Displaced 32 Discussion 34 Legal and Bureaucratic Justifications 38 On Returning 39 International Law 47 Conclusion 48 Recommendations 49 Index of Maps & Graphics Map 1: Syria 17 Map 2: Homs city at the start of 2012 22 Map 3: Homs city depopulation patterns in mid-2012 25 Map 4: Stages of the siege of Homs city, 2012-2014 27 Map 5: Damage assessment showing targeted destruction of Homs city, 2014 31 Graphic 1: Key Events from 2011-2012 21 Graphic 2: Key Events from 2012-2014 26 This report was prepared by The Syria Institute with support from the PAX team. -
Said Elfakhani
SAID ELFAKHANI PERSONAL DATA Business Address: S. Olayan School of Business American University of Beirut P. O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon Tel: +961-01-374374 Ext: 3723 Cell (Lebanon): +961-3-863-413 New York Office: 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th Floor New York, NY 10017-2303 USA Tel: 1-212-583-7600; Fax: 1-212-583-7650 Email: [email protected] AUB URL Site: http://www.aub.edu.lb/osb/publicprofile/Pages/profile. aspx?memberID=se01 Google Scholar URL: http://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=new_ group&hl=en&nun=Said+Elfakhani&nua=Professor+of +Finance+at+the+American+University+of+Beirut&nuv e=se01%40aub.edu.lb&nui=Corporate+Finance,+Invest ments+and+Portfolio+Management,+Islamic+Finance& nuh=http://www.aub.edu.lb/osb/publicprofile/Pages/profi le.aspx%3FmemberID%3Dse01+&imq=author:%22Said +Elfakhani%22&authorid=17771674886394873598 ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Said_Elfakhani? sg=ysTkpx3V3U%2B0Qd%2FEglaOsS1GWoKQykWM YumQF%2FNAs%2FJErDfc79RO%2FDKvlRTZ5FfRjd 3YJyPh0Prh%2BAOZalGm0Q%3D%3D MSFT Academic Search: http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Search? query=Said%20Elfakhani Linkedin URL: https://www.linkedin.com/pub/said-elfakhani/54/803/3b9 SSRN URL: http://ssrn.com/author=89669 Nationality: Canadian Citizen Ethnicity: Lebanese Origin Marital Status: Married and Have Four Children CAREER OBJECTIVES To attain a high level of achievement in finance particularly in strategic hotspots around which I have built unique expertise through quality research and teaching activities at a recognized university. Teaching Interests: Corporate finance policies and theories, international finance, international business, investment and portfolio management, cases in finance, entrepreneurial finance, risk management, derivatives securities, and asset and liability management, at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. -
202102 Syria Multipurpose Cas
INTER-AGENCY SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CASH WORKING Northwest Syria - Multipurpose Cash Based Response CWG GROUP February 2021 DRAFT NorthWest Syria (NWS) The Northwest Syria Cash Working Group (NWS-CWG) is a forum of technical professionals dedicated to improving the quality of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) and its coordination, particularly multipurpose cash (MPC). This includes sharing lessons and good practices and harmonisation of approaches. The CWG could also serve as the technical arm of clusters, who would like to systemati- cally include CVA in their response toolbox. In February 2021, humanitarian partners distributed multipurpose cash worth a total of $0.76M USD, benefiting 40,400 crisis-affected individuals living in 41 communities in Idleb and Aleppo governorates. Number of beneficiaries reached Number of beneficiaries > 5,000 8,400 1,001 - 5,000 HOUSEHOLDS REACHED 501 - 1,000 (! 1 - 500 Bgheidine !!! Sharan!( Salama (((!( ! (! ( !(Albil (!(!Rael (! !Aziziyeh(! Shweiha Arshaf(!(! 40,400 Su Sinbat(! Barshaya(! BENEFICIARIES REACHED Qabasin(! Hazwan(! ! Tal!( Slur Al( Bab Zarzita!( Women Men Girls Boys Dana(! 10,400 8,300 10,400 11,400 Batbu ALEPPO Kafr Takharim !( !( (!Kelly (26%) (20%) (26%) (28%) Armanaz(! !( Kafr(!(! Nabi Biret Armanaz(! (! !(Murin Dorriyeh(!(! Foah(! Thahr!( Number of beneficiaries reached per month Qanniyeh(! Mreimin(!(! Qaderiyeh!( - Qayqun 263K Bsheiriyeh(! - Bello 154K 123K IDLEB 117K 97K 51K 48K 49K 40K 22K 23K 9K Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 2020 2021 Number of organizations reported -
PRISM Syrian Supplemental
PRISM syria A JOURNAL OF THE CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS About PRISM PRISM is published by the Center for Complex Operations. PRISM is a security studies journal chartered to inform members of U.S. Federal agencies, allies, and other partners Vol. 4, Syria Supplement on complex and integrated national security operations; reconstruction and state-building; 2014 relevant policy and strategy; lessons learned; and developments in training and education to transform America’s security and development Editor Michael Miklaucic Communications Contributing Editors Constructive comments and contributions are important to us. Direct Alexa Courtney communications to: David Kilcullen Nate Rosenblatt Editor, PRISM 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 3605) Copy Editors Fort Lesley J. McNair Dale Erikson Washington, DC 20319 Rebecca Harper Sara Thannhauser Lesley Warner Telephone: Nathan White (202) 685-3442 FAX: (202) 685-3581 Editorial Assistant Email: [email protected] Ava Cacciolfi Production Supervisor Carib Mendez Contributions PRISM welcomes submission of scholarly, independent research from security policymakers Advisory Board and shapers, security analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States Dr. Gordon Adams and abroad. Submit articles for consideration to the address above or by email to prism@ Dr. Pauline H. Baker ndu.edu with “Attention Submissions Editor” in the subject line. Ambassador Rick Barton Professor Alain Bauer This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department of Defense edition of PRISM. Dr. Joseph J. Collins (ex officio) Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted Ambassador James F. Dobbins without permission of the copyright proprietors. PRISM should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. -
WHEAT VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT North West - Syria June 2020
WHEAT VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT North West - Syria June 2020 Shafak & MH Europe Organizations Contents 1 Humanitarian Needs Overview ............................................................................................................................ 2 2 Methodology and Approach................................................................................................................................... 3 3 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Locations .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 5 Assessment Findings ................................................................................................................................................ 7 5.1 Affected population demographics: ............................................................................................. 7 5.2 Affected people main occupation: ................................................................................................ 7 5.3 Agriculture land-farmers: ................................................................................................................... 9 5.4 farmers Challenges: ............................................................................................................................. 10 5.5 Main Cultivated Crops: ...................................................................................................................... -
Highlights Situation Overview
Syria Crisis Bi-Weekly Situation Report No. 05 (as of 22 May 2016) This report is produced by the OCHA Syria Crisis offices in Syria, Turkey and Jordan. It covers the period from 7-22 May 2016. The next report will be issued in the second week of June. Highlights Rising prices of fuel and basic food items impacting upon health and nutritional status of Syrians in several governorates Children and youth continue to suffer disproportionately on frontlines Five inter-agency convoys reach over 50,000 people in hard-to-reach and besieged areas of Damascus, Rural Damascus and Homs Seven cross-border consignments delivered from Turkey with aid for 631,150 people in northern Syria Millions of people continued to be reached from inside Syria through the regular programme Heightened fighting displaces thousands in Ar- Raqqa and Ghouta Resumed airstrikes on Dar’a prompting displacement 13.5 M 13.5 M 6.5 M 4.8 M People in Need Targeted for assistance Internally displaced Refugees in neighbouring countries Situation Overview The reporting period was characterised by evolving security and conflict dynamics which have had largely negative implications for the protection of civilian populations and humanitarian access within locations across the country. Despite reaffirmation of a commitment to the country-wide cessation of hostilities agreement in Aleppo, and a brief reduction in fighting witnessed in Aleppo city, civilians continued to be exposed to both indiscriminate attacks and deprivation as parties to the conflict blocked access routes to Aleppo city and between cities and residential areas throughout northern governorates. Consequently, prices for fuel, essential food items and water surged in several locations as supply was threatened and production became non-viable, with implications for both food and water security of affected populations. -
Reference Map: Governorates Along Jordan and Syria Border
Reference Map:] Governorates along Jordan and Syria Border Qudsiya Yafur Tadmor Sabbura Damascus DAMASCUS Obada Nashabiyeh Damascus Maliha Qisa Otayba Yarmuk Zabadin Deir Salman Madamiyet ElshamDarayya Yalda Shabaa Haran Al'awameed Qatana Jdidet Artuz Sbeineh Hteitet Elturkman LEBONAN Artuz Sahnaya Buwayda ] Hosh Sahya Jdidet Elkhas A Tantf DarwashehDarayya Ghizlaniyyeh Khan Elshih Adleiyeh Deir Khabiyeh MqeilibehKisweh Hayajneh Qatana ZahyehTiba Khan Dandun Mazraet Beit Jin Rural Damascus Sa'sa' Hadar Deir Ali Kanaker Duma Khan Arnaba Ghabagheb Jaba Deir Elbakht SYRIA Quneitra Kafr Shams Aqraba Jbab Nabe Elsakher Quneitra As-Sanamayn Hara As-Sanamayn IRAQ Nimer Ankhal Qanniyeh I Jasim Shahba Mahjeh S Nawa Shaqa R Izra' Izra' Shahba Tassil Sheikh Miskine Bisr Elharir A Al Fiq Qarfa Nemreh Abtaa Nahta E Ash-Shajara As-Sweida Da'el Alma Hrak Western Maliha Kherbet Ghazala As-Sweida L Thaala As-Sweida Saham Masad Karak Yadudeh Western Ghariyeh Raha Eastern Ghariyeh Um Walad Bani kinana Kharja Malka Torrah Al'al Mseifra Kafr Shooneh Shamaliyyeh Dar'a Ora Bait Ras Mghayyer Dar'a Hakama ManshiyyehWastiyya Soom Sal Zahar Daraa] Dar'a Tiba Jizeh Irbid Boshra Waqqas Ramtha Nasib Moraba Legend Taibeh Howwarah Qarayya Sammo' Shaikh Hussein Aidoon ! Busra Esh-Sham Arman Dair Abi Sa'id Irbid ] Milh AlRuwaished Salkhad Towns Kofor El-Ma' Nassib Bwaidhah Salkhad Mazar Ash-shamaliCyber City Mghayyer Serhan Mashari'eKora AshrafiyyehBani Obaid ! National Capital Kofor Owan Badiah Ash-Shamaliyya Al_Gharbeh Rwashed Kofor Abiel NULL Ketem ! Jdaitta No'ayymeh -
Policy Notes March 2021
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MARCH 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 100 In the Service of Ideology: Iran’s Religious and Socioeconomic Activities in Syria Oula A. Alrifai “Syria is the 35th province and a strategic province for Iran...If the enemy attacks and aims to capture both Syria and Khuzestan our priority would be Syria. Because if we hold on to Syria, we would be able to retake Khuzestan; yet if Syria were lost, we would not be able to keep even Tehran.” — Mehdi Taeb, commander, Basij Resistance Force, 2013* Taeb, 2013 ran’s policy toward Syria is aimed at providing strategic depth for the Pictured are the Sayyeda Tehran regime. Since its inception in 1979, the regime has coopted local Zainab shrine in Damascus, Syrian Shia religious infrastructure while also building its own. Through youth scouts, and a pro-Iran I proxy actors from Lebanon and Iraq based mainly around the shrine of gathering, at which the banner Sayyeda Zainab on the outskirts of Damascus, the Iranian regime has reads, “Sayyed Commander Khamenei: You are the leader of the Arab world.” *Quoted in Ashfon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (2016). Khuzestan, in southwestern Iran, is the site of a decades-long separatist movement. OULA A. ALRIFAI IRAN’S RELIGIOUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA consolidated control over levers in various localities. against fellow Baathists in Damascus on November Beyond religious proselytization, these networks 13, 1970. At the time, Iran’s Shia clerics were in exile have provided education, healthcare, and social as Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was still in control services, among other things. -
Sanctions Program: Syrien: Verordnung Vom 8. Juni 2012 Über Massnahmen Gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Bilateral Economic Relations Sanctions Version of 26.06.2020 Sanctions program: Syrien: Verordnung vom 8. Juni 2012 über Massnahmen gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art. 10 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 17 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot) Sanctions program: Syrie: Ordonnance du 8 juin 2012 instituant des mesures à l’encontre de la Syrie (RS 946.231.172.7), annexe 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10, al. 1 (Sanctions financières) et art. 17, al. 1 (Interdiction de séjour et de transit) Sanctions program: Siria: Ordinanza dell'8 giugno 2012 che istituisce provvedimenti nei confronti della Siria (RS 946.231.172.7), allegato 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10 cpv. 1 (Sanzioni finanziarie) e art. 17 cpv. 1 (Divieto di entrata e di transito) Individuals SSID: 200-11614 Name: Bashar Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 11 Sep 1965 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Identification document: Diplomatic passport No. D1903, Syrian Arab Republic Justification: President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators. Modifications: Amended on 6 Nov 2013, 19 Jan 2016, 26 Jun 2020 SSID: 200-11625 Name: Maher Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 8 Dec 1967 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Good quality a.k.a.: Mahir Identification document: Diplomatic passport No. 4138, Syrian Arab Republic Justification: Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division. -
Work in the Syrian Army
Restructuring the army in the new Syria Major General Muhammad Al-Haj Ali Author: political research Brigadier Khaled Ibrahim Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies is an independent nonprofit research institution, focusing on the production of political, societal and intellectual studies and research related particularly to the Syrian issue, and the possible outcomes of ongoing conflict in Syria. The center is concerned with bolstering civil society and democratic. awareness. Harmoon Center also works on Arab issues and related conflicts, as well as Arab regional and international . relations The Center undertakes practical projects and activities, promotes initiatives for building Syria’s future on the foundations and values of democracy, freedom, equality, human rights, and equal citizenship rights. Harmoon Center strives to be platform for constructive dialogue and an arena . for exchanging ideas Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Restructuring the army in the new Syria Major General Muhammad Al-Haj Ali, Principal Researcher Brigadier General Khaled Ibrahim, Research Assistant Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 First: The impact of war on the Syrian Army .................................................................7 The impact on the Syrian army prior to the Baath takeover of power ................................ -
Ni Romain, Ni Arabe, Moundar Bar Hareth, Roi Des Tayyés. Quand L'arabie Était Chrétienne
Ni Romain, ni Arabe, Moundar bar Hareth, roi des Tayyés. Quand l'Arabie était chrétienne Mémoire Nicolas Asselin Maîtrise en études anciennes - avec mémoire Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Nicolas Asselin, 2020 Ni Romain, ni Arabe, Moundar bar Hareth, roi des Tayyés. Quand l’Arabie était chrétienne Mémoire Nicolas Asselin Sous la direction de : Paul-Hubert Poirier, directeur de recherche Résumé Ce mémoire porte sur celui que nous avons cru être le dernier roi des Arabes chrétiens du territoire romain, Moundar bar Hareth. En cours de route, nous avons redécouvert le dernier roi des Tayyés romains, un peuple oublié, dont l’histoire est essentielle pour bien comprendre les débuts de l’islam. À partir des œuvres des chroniqueurs syriaques, plus particulièrement de l’histoire de Jean d’Amida, nous avons remonté la piste afin de comprendre l’importance du dernier monarque de la famille de Gabala. Via cet examen des sources, nous analyserons également le corpus grec et arabe pour saisir les aléas de ce peuple d’Arabie, entraînant au passage, la redécouverte d’une polémique intra-chrétienne très ancienne, l’ismaélisme. L’ensemble de cette recherche se veut une étude originale et novatrice des événements entourant la fin de l’alliance traditionnelle entre les Romains et les Tayyés, une histoire singulière pavée de trahisons et d’une crise religieuse insoupçonnée. Ni Romain, ni Arabe, Moundar bar Hareth est figure incontournable du 6e siècle de notre ère. Le présent travail se propose d’analyser le règne du grand roi, plus particulièrement de son aspect religieux, et se divise en quatre parties, les deux premières portant sur les appellations anciennes et la redécouverte du peuple Tayyé.