Syrien, Les Fds Avancent Encore Contre Daech

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Syrien, Les Fds Avancent Encore Contre Daech INSTITUT KURDDE PARIS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information N°406 JANVIER 2019 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions des Ministères français des Affaires étrangères et de la Culture ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Maquette et mise en page : Şerefettin ISBN 0761 1285 Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 406 janvier 2019 • ROJAVA: LA TURQUIE MENACE D’OCCUPER TOUT LE NORD SYRIEN, LES FDS AVANCENT ENCORE CONTRE DAECH • TURQUIE: LIBÉRÉE, LEYLA GÜVEN POURSUIT SON JEÛNE; ALLIANCE ÉLECTORALE ENTRE PARTIS KURDES; PROTESTATIONS CONTRE LES FRAPPES TURQUES AU KURDISTAN IRAKIEN • IRAK: ACCORD BAGDAD-ERBIL ENFIN TROUVÉ SUR LE BUDGET, TENSIONS AUTOUR DU DRAPEAU KURDE À KIRKOUK • IRAN: L’UNION EUROPÉENNE SANCTIONNE L’IRAN APRÈS DES ASSASSINATS D’OPPOSANTS ET DES TENTATIVES D’ATTENTATS EN EUROPE ROJAVA: LA TURQUIE MENACE D’OCCUPER TOUT LE NORD SYRIEN, LES FDS AVANCENT ENCORE CONTRE DAECH ’annonce le 19 décembre Dans cette situation de menace ser totalement les résidents kurdes par le président améri- existentielle, les combattants des originels pour s’approprier tous cain du retrait de ses FDS ont pourtant courageusement leurs biens. Craignant les réactions troupes de Syrie a provo- poursuivi leur traque des djiha- internationales, la Turquie a rejeté L qué des consultations distes de Daech, réduisant encore la demande, mais de nombreux diplomatiques tous azimuths leur territoire. témoignages diffusés notamment impliquant toutes les parties sur Kurdistan 24 montrent que le concernées, membres de la coali- La Turquie prétend maintenant nettoyage ethnique est déjà en tion anti-Daech, Turcs, Russes, et occuper tout le nord syrien, de cours. Tout en tentant de forcer les bien entendu les autorités de la Kobanê jusqu’à la frontière ira- Kurdes à partir par la terreur, les Fédération du Nord-Syrien, qui kienne, pour y «assurer la sécuri- occupants continuent à attribuer craignent tout simplement pour sa té». On a vu à Afrîn depuis un an des permis de résidence à des survie. Tandis que M. Erdoğan en quoi consiste cette «sécurité»: familles arabes, modifiant rapide- multipliait menaces et rodomon- exactions, pillages, nettoyage eth- ment l’équilibre démographique, tades, ils ont poursuivi leurs négo- nique… même si certains avocats ont tenté ciations avec le régime de Damas de plaider l’illégalité des docu- et son protecteur russe, tout en À Afrîn, le 5 janvier, selon l’OSDH, ments émis par des moukhtars appelant à réagir leurs alliés occi- les djihadistes ont même demandé (chefs de village) nommés par les dentaux de la coalition anti-Daech. à la Turquie l’autorisation d’expul- Turcs… (Ahval, Rûdaw). Ibrahim • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d’information n° 406 • janvier 2019 Biro, l’ancien dirigeant du Conseil personnes, dont des miliciens Manbij en soutien de l’armée national kurde de Syrie (ENKS), (OSDH). En ce jour anniversaire syrienne, déjà présente. Le 11, le dans l’opposition aux autorités du du lancement de l’invasion turque, Conseil militaire de Manbij Rojava, a confirmé à Kurdistan 24 des milliers d'habitants kurdes de (CMM) a indiqué que les l’aggravation de la situation et a Qamichli et de déplacés d’Afrîn patrouilles conjointes entre ses déclaré tenter d’empêcher par la ont manifesté contre l’occupation combattants et les Américains se diplomatie une nouvelle invasion (AFP). poursuivaient près de la ville, mais à l’Est de l’Euphrate. Le 10, après qu’en ville même, seuls les com- que l’administration du Rojava, Autre point cristallisant les ten- battants du CMM étaient présents répondant à un appel de l’ENKS, a sions, Manbij, près de laquelle l’ar- (Kurdistan 24). Le 18, la Turquie se annoncé le 6 lever l’interdiction mée syrienne s’était déployée fin permettra de dénoncer l’entrée de des partis politiques non enregis- décembre, au grand déplaisir du l’armée syrienne à Manbij au nom trés, une délégation de l’ENKS a président turc, les militaires améri- de la «feuille de route» américano- demandé à Massoud Barzani de se cains demeurant présents en ville. turque (AFP). faire l’écho de ses inquiétudes à Le ministère syrien de la Défense a l’international… tout en déclarant annoncé le 2 le départ de la ville de Toujours le 11, les YPG ont annon- attendre la libération de ses cadres «près de 400 combattants kurdes», cé avoir abattu dans la première toujours incarcérés au Rojava. quelque 30 véhicules partis vers semaine du mois un drone de sur- l’Est de l’Euphrate, emportant veillance turc qui survolait la Parmi les pillages reprochés à la selon l’OSDH non pas des YPG région d’Aïn-Diwar, près de Derîk Turquie, celui des oliveraies et de mais des membres de milices (AMN). l’huile d’olive, principales alliées aux FDS. Malgré les discus- richesses d’Afrîn et cause de com- sions turco-russes ayant suivi l’an- A Idlib, dernière région de Syrie bats féroces entre différentes fac- nonce du retrait américain, rien ne encore contrôlée par des groupes tions djihadistes, a fait l’objet semblait avoir évolué dans cette de l’opposition armée, les combats d’une enquête conjointe du journal région début janvier, même si la entre djihadistes de Hayat Tahrir al- en ligne espagnol El Público et de Turquie a continué à concentrer Cham (ancien Front al-Nosra, l’agence de presse kurde Firat, des blindés à la frontière, et que branche syrienne de al-Qaïda) et les publiée le 16. Selon les sources, la des rebelles pro-turcs ont attaqué groupes rebelles pro-turcs ont fait Turquie a vendu sur le marché le 3 les YPG au nord d’Alep. Tout 120 morts en 4 jours en début de européen depuis l’Espagne de comme la Turquie, l’administra- mois… C’est Tahrir al-Cham qui l’a l’huile d’olive volée à Afrîn, les tion fédérale du Nord syrien a emporté, accroissant son contrôle bénéfices, 90 millions de dollars, envoyé une délégation à Moscou, au détriment des groupes pro- revenant aux milices djihadistes… cherchant à obtenir la garantie turcs à Idlib, mais aussi dans plu- russe pour poursuivre avec Damas sieurs districts des provinces voi- La résistance se poursuit aussi des négociations entamées cet été sines de Hama, Lattaquié et Alep. militairement. Le 17, les «Forces de mais vite arrêtées devant les exi- Le 14, le dirigeant de ce groupe, libération d’Afrîn» ont annoncé la gences du régime. Le 5, le journal Abou Mohamad al-Joulani, recher- mort de 3 combattants pro-turcs Ashark al-Awsat a rapporté que le ché depuis mai 2017 par le FBI de l’«Armée syrienne libre». Puis commandant des YPG, Sipan américain contre une récompense une bombe artisanale déclenchée Hemo, avait visité Moscou et de 10 millions de dollars au passage de djihadistes a fait au Damas pour proposer le retour de (https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field- moins 9 morts, dont 5 civils (AFP). l’État syrien à la frontière nord en offices/washingtondc/news/press- Le 19, a été annoncée la mort d’au échange du maintien, sous garan- releases/up-to-10-million-reward-offe- moins 16 djihadistes dans 2 opéra- tie russe, d’une administration red-for-information-on-the-leader-of- tions distinctes les 18 et 19. Une locale. Le 6, le commandant des the-al-nusrah-front), a exprimé son des attaques a tué 4 combattants FDS Redur Khalil a déclaré à l’AFP soutien à une offensive turque en pleine ville (AMN). Le 30, qu’un accord avec le régime de contre les Kurdes à l’Est de l’agence kurde Hawar a rapporté la Damas était «inévitable», et l’Euphrate, qui permettrait de mort de 2 soldats turcs et 4 djiha- qu’une fois trouvé pour Manbij, il «libérer du PKK», un des «enne- distes dans une nouvelle attaque. pourrait être ensuite étendu à tout mis de la révolution syrienne», des Parallèlement, le quartier général l’Est de l’Euphrate. Khalil a même «régions où vivent de nombreux de Ahrar al-Sham dans le village de déclaré que les FDS pourraient être Arabes sunnites» (AFP)… Deir Moushmoush a été détruit et intégrées dans l’armée syrienne… 2 miliciens tués. Le 20, une bombe Dans le «jeu ambigu» des relations a explosé dans un bus d’Afrîn, Le 8, la police militaire russe a américano-turques, Donald tuant 3 civils et blessant 9 autres entamé des patrouilles autour de Trump a encore ajouté à la confu- n° 406 • janvier 2019 Bulletin de liaison et d’information • 3 • sion en déclarant le 2 qu’il «proté- Kurdes, tout en appelant, mais en Syrie, ne s’est pas exprimé à ce gerait ses alliés kurdes de Syrie», sans en préciser les conditions, à la propos. récusant (sans le nommer) le création d’une «zone de sécuri- Washington Post qui avait annoncé té» de 30 km de profondeur dans Les 23-24-25, les forces turques ont un retrait sous 4 mois… Durant le le Nord syrien. La Turquie a rétor- pilonné continuellement les posi- mois, plusieurs responsables amé- qué ne pas être intimidée par ces tions des YPG dans la région de ricains, comme Mike Pompeo puis menaces, tout en s’empressant de Tell Rifaat, à 20 km à l’est d’Afrîn. John Bolton, ont réitéré ces assu- reprendre l’idée de la «zone de Cette ville est au centre d’une rances, qui ont suscité la colère sécurité». Après un entretien télé- poche contrôlée par les YPG, coin- turque sans réellement rassurer les phonique avec son homologue cée entre les Turcs au nord et des Kurdes, d’autant que le 4, plus de américain, M.
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