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A B O U T I N T E G R I T Y U K Integrity UK is an organisation committed to preventing extremism through innovative approaches to promoting integration, cohesion and social reconciliation within the MENA region and the UK. S Y R I A I N T E L L I G E N C E R E P O R T 21st August 2018 At an interview released by Reuters on Monday evening, the United States' President Donald Trump commented that he is not considering the lifting of sanctions on Russia but added that he would consider doing so if he received a concession on either Syria or Ukraine. He noted that Moscow and Washington had numerous areas of agreement with regards to Ukraine and Syria. Trump noted that economic development was an important issue for Russia, suggesting that Russia would be willing to make concessions with the right incentives in that area. Such an approach was already attempted by the US former President Barack Obama who attempted to use sanctions relief on Russia to further US interests in Syria and Ukraine but failed to make significant gains. However, how Trump defines US national interest and, in particular, US interest in Syria, is vastly different than that of Obama’s, meaning what is on offer may be different. This is especially pertinent given Trump’s desire to pull out of Syria. Alternatively, Moscow could put increased pressure on Tehran to comply with Trump’s demands. However, it will need to balance this pressure with its wider business and political ties with Iran. Pentagon spokesperson Army Colonel Robert Manning told reporters on Monday evening that the International Coalition in Manbij is not yet engaged in joint training exercises with the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) despite statements by the US Secretary of Defence James Mattis last week that the exercises would start on Sunday. Manning told reporters that there are a few details to work out and that rehearsals for combined patrols would begin as soon as possible. The joint operations represent one of the only areas where the two countries have remained in cooperation despite the deterioration of their relations in all other areas. Amidst these developments, clashes across Syria have continued. Pro-Government news sources acknowledged that the Islamic State (IS) militants in the Safa Volcanic Plateau have repelled the latest Syrian Arab Army (SAA) attacks in the region. The most recent clashes had taken place near Qabr Sheikh Hussain region where the militants used the cavernous and rough terrain to their advantage against the air and artillery superiority of the loyalist forces. Pro-Government sources also indicated that negotiations towards the release of hostages failed after Russia refused the IS demands to evacuate the militants to Deir ez-Zour. On Tuesday morning, unknown gunmen shot and killed Sheikh Muhannad al-Hamoud, a member of the Rajm al-Karama organisation. He was shot in the town of Mazra'a west of Suweida City. The identities of the perpetrators remain unknown. However, it has almost certainly to do with his affiliation with Rajm al-Karama which has held an anti-Damascus stance during the war and, more recently, against the Syrian Government re-establishing authority over Suweida. Russia has been putting pressure on the group to reconcile with Damascus, but the group refused to negotiate until the hostage crisis has been For further information, contact Integrity UK on: [email protected] resolved. Indeed, according to local activists, unknown gunmen fired on the convoy of the Minister of Defence, Ali Abdullah Ayyoub, as he arrived in Suweida. Overnight, there reports of more IS attacks on the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF)-held oil wells in Deir ez-Zour. The latest attack appears to have taken place in the Hurayji Oil Field in Deir ez-Zour. The attack was repelled but left a number of SDF casualties. Since then, there have been reports of gunfire in the surrounding countryside, as well as reports of shelling in close proximity to a camp for displaced people near Hawi. The fact that these attacks are taking place in areas secured from the IS months ago presents a disturbing trend of IS insurgency and regional security. Tactically, these attacks are likely intended to be a distraction from the SDF operations near Hajin. Airstrikes in the region reportedly killed a number of militants, including Hicham Chaib, a Belgian foreign militant who is listed among the “most wanted”. Clashes were also reported in the northern Latakia countryside where militants belonging to Hayy'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and Liwa Jabal al-Islam attacked the SAA positions near Ziwaqiat overnight. The attack was repelled by the loyalist forces, with unknown number of casualties on both sides. This would be one of the few failed attacks of Liwa Jabal al-Islam whose attacks on SAA positions have both intensified and become more frequent in recent weeks. These clashes come as shelling in the region has resumed. Tuesday's shelling has predominantly targeted the town of Lataminah in northern Hama. No casualties were reported but the shelling forced the cancellation of Eid prayers. Assassinations also continued in the region, with three members of Jaish al-Ahrar (now part of the National Liberation Front) injured in a bombing in Taftanaz. As tensions continue to rise across the region, it remains unclear if the SAA will launch its Idlib operations soon. On Tuesday morning, there were rumours that Damascus and Moscow had agreed and Turkey was informed of a limited operation covering rural Latakia, Hama and Idlib. These reports suggested that the city of Jisr al-Shugour would be the main target but there would be no push towards Idlib City. These reports have not yet been confirmed, especially given that the TSK have assurances to the locals of Jisr al-Shugour that no offensive would take place. Meanwhile, Russia has officially opened its “humanitarian corridor” for those wishing to return to SAA-held areas at the town of Abu al-Duhur. The Syrian Observatory of Human Rights (SOHR) reported that the first 24 hours saw the crossing of 200 civilians, many of whom are from towns and villages that the SAA took control of in early 2018. The People's Protection Units (YPG)-linked Wrath of Olives Operations Room intensified its attacks on Turkish-backed rebels in northern Aleppo. Over the past 24 hours, the group claimed the killings of Muhammad Hayyani from Jabhat Shamiya near Baruzah and Shudud; Adel Khaled al-Khalidi from the Sultan Murad Brigades in the Hej Jemala village of Rajo; and, a third unnamed rebel fighter near Afrin. The killing of Hayyani is especially notable as it took place near the city of al-Bab, suggesting that the guerrillas are moving further away from Afrin to conduct their attacks. There were also reports of two civilians injured in Jarablus when unknown gunmen opened fire at a crowd on Monday evening. According to the SOHR, tensions are rising in Raqqa City again following the arrests of numerous locals by the YPG-linked Asayish (police). The arrests were reportedly in response to a number of protests and clashes with SDF security over the weekend in the Mashlab District. The protesters were reportedly angry over the arrest of 20 residents by the YPG. For further information, contact Integrity UK on: [email protected] .