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Churches Consecrated in Scotland in the Thirteenth Century; with Dates

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Churches Consecrated in Scotland in the Thirteenth Century; with Dates 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 12, 1886. III. CHURCHES CONSECRATED IN SCOTLAND IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY; WITH DATES. BY THE REY. WILLIAM LOCKHART, M.A., F.S.A. SOOT., MINISTE COLINTONF O R , MID-LOTHIAN. e Pontificath n I f Davio l e Bernhamd d , t bishoAndrewS f o p s (A.D. 1239-1253), (Pontificals Ecclesice S. Andrew), which has recently been issued froe Pitsligth m o Press (Edinburgh, 1885), undee th r editorshi f Charlepo s Wordsworth, M.A., recto f Glastono r , there ar e certain important facts narrate o authentis f o d a characterc n regari , d to many ancient churches and chapels in Scotland, which it may not f placo t calo bet eou l attentio o here t nd als o havan t o, e recorden i d the Proceedings of this Society. The MS. of this interesting thirteenth century Pontifical, or Book of Officee Scottisth f o s h Church s use a , y Bishob d p Davi e Bernhamd d , seems remota t a , e periodf Scotlano t havo t ,ou edy founintwa os it d France. In all probability, somewhere about the fifteenth century, it chapee Trence th wath n f si o yeal e h th King r n founs I 1712.wa dt i , by two Benedictines in the library of the Seminary (or " Seminaire ") of Chalons-sur-Marne; whils acquire e Nationan 174wa i eth t i y 0b d l Library of Paris, along with other manuscripts, which belonged to Marechal de Noailles. This Scottish Pontifical is, therefore, now in the Paris Library, and numbered 1218 in the list of Latin manuscripts, but it is erroneously printed in the catalogue as "Pontificale Angli- smala canum.e saib s i l o dt quartot I " , welcorrectld an l y writtenn i , cleaa r thirteenth century hand witd an ,h musical notation consistd an ; s 2 folioo14 f r leaveso f vellumo s , each measuring 6J inche n widti s h by 9^ inche heightn si . Each pags thirteeha e e noffice th lines d s an , e consecratiocontaine thosth e r ar fo t ei a church—an d i f o n n altar— a cemetery or burying ground, and for the reconciliation of a church; suce anon dh churc s mentionei h s havina d g bee o "s n reconciled, " namely, that of the Holy Trinity at Berwick, "post effusionem sanguinis," as the result of a deadly quarrel there between two Scolocs, Scologs, or "clerici scholares." e seconth d thirn an dO d leave f thio s s ancient CHURCHES CONSECRATED IN SCOTLAND. 191 boo f ceremoniesko ,e e recorconsecratiotherth th f s i o ed f mano n y churche d chapelse dioces an t sth Andrew S n f i ,o e n Scotlandi s r fo , whic e volumhth used—if s theso ewa 0 e 14 case churches—bnf th e o y Bishop Davi Bernhame d e yearth sn i , 1240—1249 e casth en i d an ; of two, by Bishop William Wishart, in the year 1276. (Pont. Ecd. iiiAnd.,vi.ii S iv .. ) pp firse Th t mentio f Davino Bernham,e d y knowan n ni 1 writings i , e Chartularth n i f Dunfermlinyo e Abbey, wher e appearh e s along with others as a witness in a charter of Bishop William de Malvoisin, giving a e teinde granchurcth th f f so o f tKinglassi o h n (Kinglass n Fife)i y , to the church of the Holy Trinity of Dunfermline, and the monks serving God there. The entry in the deed referring to David de Bernham, is the following :— tt)AgRis &:& DB BERNHAM, s datei f t o t i Dunfermlin a d d y an da e e yeath th rn n i eo 1234 d an , the Feast of the Purification of the Virgin. (Regist. de Dunf., p. 64, c. No. 107.) Ther chartera e Dunfermlins ei . th 11 n 6No i , e Chartulary, referring e churctth o f "o h Abircrumbi t y Bishoe Fif"whetheb d bu s i p t i r Willia Bishor mo p David e followindoe t th appear sno t Bu g. charter, No. 117, is by David de Bernham, he having at this time become Bishop of St Andrews; and in this charter he grants to the abbot and convent of Dunfermline the church of Kirkcaldy, with all its pertinents, they e saith ,d abbo conventd an t , being held boun provido dt e vicarr fo s saie th d church d hospitalitan , e bishoth o t yp himself. This dees i d dated at " Inchemurthoc vi° Id Nouembr"—that is, the 8th November .1240 (Regist. de Dunferm., c. 117, p. 70). \Dal. Man. Antiq., pp. 67, 68.] (Hend. An., p. 76.) 1 His real surname was Bernham. He was born in the town of Berwick, and descended of an ancient family of burgesses there. In the chartulary of the Priory t AndrewsoS f s designei e h , d Camerarius Scotiie d mentionean , d along wits hi h brother " Robertus Bernham, burgensi e Berwick,d ss probabl i o e samwh "th y e afterwards persowa o nwh s Mayo f Berwicko r , anno 1249. [Nicolson, Border Laws], Note; Keith's Hist. Gat. of Scottish Bishops, p. 16. In another note on the same page it is stated, that in the "Cartulary of Paisley," there is a confirmation of certain subjects David"y b , bisho t AndrewsS f yeae po th r n i 1247., " ' PROCEEDING 2 19 SOCIETYE TH F O S , APEI , 188612 L . foregoine Th g dee s confirmedi charte a Prioe y Canonth d db f ran o r s of St Andrews (Regist. de Dun/., c. 118, p. 70), and in this charter Bishop David's name again appears. The next charter, No. 119, is a very formal one, and in it David de Bernham grantmonke th o f Dunfermlinst s o e churcheeth f Woolmetso , and Little Kinghorn (" Wymet (et) de parua Kingorn "), for charitable purposes thid an s; deed, whic duls hi y seale attested dan witnessesy db , is dated at Tinigha (Tyningham in East Lothian ?), the 12th kalend of January—that is, the 21st December 1240 (Regist. de Dun/., pp. 71, 72, c. 119). Nothing apparently is known of the date of the birth of David de Bernhame e bishoth , whoy b p e boos chieflmth wa ke th y f usedo r o , titl Bernhame ed , unles surnamesa unlesr o som,e b t sei tow localitr no y then know Bernhames a n 1 (Benholme) s statei e o havH t d . e beea n sub-deacon of the church (Theiner, Vet. Man. Hib. et Scot., p. 39); and according to John de Fordun (Scotichronicon, lib. vi. cap. 42), he was chamberlai o Alexandet n r s II.electewa ; d bisho t AndrewS f po n i s succession to William de Malvoisin, a Frenchman, on the 2nd June (iiij Non. Junii) 1239; and consecrated by the Bishops of Glasgow, Caith- ness d Brechin t an ,Vincent' S n e followin o ,(Januarth y f da so ) gy22 year. regarn s electioI hi 2 o co'nsecrationd t nan , Wyntoun thus writes (Oryg. Chron., ii. p. 242, Skene)— efftyrd An e that this William dedes ewa , Thare postulyd was intil his sted. Off Dunkeldyn the Byschape Joffray t tillBu hy .Pape mth e B egrawny nawa t wald gus dhy will; Bot leve the ohanownys he gave till Agayn electyownk ma o et , persoun d cheo t gu r sa fo d . An Than chesyd thai Dawy off Barname, Ane honest clerk and off guid fame, Chwmyrlane that tyme off Scotland; 1 Spottiswoode Historys hi n i , , calls him David Benham. 2 Keit d Spottiswoodan h e erroneousl e Bishoth t f Dunblano ppu y e (Clement) among the oonsecrators, instead of the Bishop of Brechin. CHURCHES CONSECRATED IN SCOTLAND. 193 That to the Pape wes welle lykand. And in Scotland by byschapys thre Confermy sacrydd dan e bathe we, she Off Glasgw, Brechyn Catenesd an , ; This Daw themy yb byschapd ema c wes. Soon afte s consecratiohi r s summonewa e nh Popy b d e Gregory IX., along wit e othehth r Prelate f Christendomo s a genera o t , l councit a l purpose Rometh r attemptinf fo , eo hur o gt e emperor th l , Frederic. II k of Germany, the so-called great enemy of Christianity, from his throne. "But Frederick e yeath r n i ,1241 , capture e Genoesth d e fleet which was carryin greatee gth e prelate re councith par th f o o tt t sKoraea l , d seizin an e treasuree personth th gPrelatee d th f an ss o case sh t them into prison" (Mosh. Gent., xiii. part 2, chap. ii. sec. 10). David de Bernhame and the Bishop of Glasgow * were evidently among the captives r Spottiswoodfo , , Lond44 , . 43 1655 e. (libpp ). ii .state s that Frederick " set them at liberty upon their promise to return home—a promise which they gave t neverthelesbu , s sen thein o t r procurationo st Eome by some other religious person."2 Soon after his return to Scot- land, Davi Bernhame dd e evidentl t abouyse e worth tf dischargin o k g vigorously his episcopal functions, among which there was the consecra- tion of the churches of his extensive diocese—a diocese which at that time extended froe Englisth m h Borde o Aberdeent r e worTh f o k.
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