DOCSLIB.ORG

Imperial-Way

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imperial-Way BUDDHISM/ZEN PHILOSOPHY/JAPANESE HISTORY (Continued from front flap) IMPERIAL-WAY ZEN IMPERIAL-WAY Of related The Record of Linji his own argument that Imperial-Way Zen interest Translation and commentary by Ruth Fuller Sasaki During the first half of the twentieth centu- can best be understood as a modern instance Edited by Thomas Yūhō Kirchner ry, Zen Buddhist leaders contributed active- 2008, 520 pages of Buddhism’s traditional role as protector ly to Japanese imperialism, giving rise to Cloth ISBN: 978-0-8248-2821-9 of the realm. Turning to postwar Japan, Ives what has been termed “Imperial-Way Zen” examines the extent to which Zen leaders “This new edition will be the translation of choice for Western Zen communities, (Kōdō Zen). Its foremost critic was priest, have reflected on their wartime political college courses, and all who want to know that the translation they are reading is professor, and activist Ichikawa Hakugen stances and started to construct a critical faithful to the original. Professional scholars of Buddhism will revel in the sheer (1902–1986), who spent the decades follow- wealth of information packed into footnotes and bibliographical notes. Unique Zen social ethic. Finally, he considers the ing Japan’s surrender almost single-hand- among translations of Buddhist texts, the footnotes to the Kirchner edition con- resources Zen might offer its contemporary tain numerous explanations of grammatical constructions. Translators of classi- edly chronicling Zen’s support of Japan’s leaders as they pursue what they themselves cal Chinese will immediately recognize the Kirchner edition constitutes a small imperialist regime and pressing the issue have identified as a pressing task: ensuring handbook of classical and colloquial Chinese grammar. It sets a new standard in of Buddhist war responsibility. Ichikawa that henceforth Zen will avoid becoming scholarly translation of Buddhist primary texts.” focused his critique on the Zen approach to embroiled in international adventurism and —Victor Sōgen Hori, McGill University religious liberation, the political ramifica- instead dedicate itself to the promotion of tions of Buddhist metaphysical constructs, peace and human rights. “In the late 1950s, when I was a student in Chinese studies in Kyoto, I worked the traditional collaboration between Bud- with Mrs. Sasaki on her translation of The Record of Linji. Every time we went Lucid and balanced in its methodology dhism and governments in East Asia, the over it, we hoped it was at last in publishable form. But ‘Needs more work!’ was and well grounded in textual analysis, Impe- always her dour comment, and back it would go into her files. In 1961 Mrs. Sasaki philosophical system of Nishida Kitarō rial-Way Zen will attract scholars, students, and I parted company, and not long afterward she died. In 1975 a version of the (1876–1945), and the vestiges of State Shin- IVES and others interested in Buddhism, ethics, translation came out, but without the elaborate annotation she had envisioned. to in postwar Japan. Now, thanks to the efforts of the meticulous and indefatigable Mr. Kirchner and IMPERIAL-WAY ZEN Zen practice, and the cooptation of religion Despite the importance of Ichikawa’s his supporters, we have a new version of that earlier translation. With Mrs. Sasa- in the service of violence and imperialism. writings, this volume is the first by any ki’s old notes put into finished form, along with the ones she never got around scholar to outline his critique. In addition to writing, here is this important Zen classic with all the annotation one could ICHIKAWA HAKUGEN’S CRITIQUE AND desire, in what will doubtless be the definitive edition for many years to come.” to detailing the actions and ideology of —Burton Watson LINGERING QUESTIONS FOR BUDDHIST ETHICS Imperial-Way Zen and Ichikawa’s ripostes to them, Christopher Ives offers his own reflections on Buddhist ethics in light of the phenomenon. He devotes chapters to out- lining Buddhist nationalism from the 1868 Christopher Ives is professor and chair of Jacket illustration: This portrait of Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen, is accompanied by a quote traditionally Meiji Restoration to 1945 and summariz- religious studies at Stonehill College. attributed to him: “pointing directly to the mind; seeing into one’s nature and becoming a buddha.” ing Ichikawa’s arguments about the causes Jacket design: Julie Matsuo-Chun of Imperial-Way Zen. After assessing Brian ISBN 978-0-8248-3331-2 Victoria’s claim that Imperial-Way Zen 9 0 0 0 0 was caused by the traditional connection UNIVERSITY of between Zen and the samurai, Ives presents HAWAI‘I PRESS 9 780824 833312 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822-1888 www.uhpress.hawaii.edu CHRISTOPHER IVES (Continued on back flap) Imperial-Way Zen Imperial-Way Zen ICHIKAWA HAKUGEN’S CRITIQUE AND LINGERING QUESTIONS FOR BUDDHIST ETHICS Christopher Ives UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I PRESS Honolulu © university of hawai‘i press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 09 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ives, Christopher, 1954- Imperial-Way Zen : Ichikawa Hakugen’s critique and lingering questions for Buddhist ethics / Christopher Ives. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8248-3331-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Zen Buddhism--Political aspects--Japan--History-- 20th century. 2. Buddhism and state--Japan--History--20th century. 3. Nationalism--Religious aspects--Zen Buddhism. 4. Ichikawa, Hakugen, 1902-1986. 5. Buddhist ethics-- Japan--History--20th century. I. Title. BQ9262.9.J3I87 2009 294.3’92709520904--dc22 2009010155 University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. book design by julie matsuo-chun printed by the maple-vail book manufacturing group To my parents, Marilla and Bud, whose love has always supported me on my journeys. CONTENTS acknowledgments ix introduction 1 1 Useful Buddhism, 1868–1945 13 2 Peace of Mind at Any Price 54 3 Indebted in Our Proper Places 83 4 Modern Buddhism for the Protection of the Realm 101 5 Quick Conversions and Slow Apologies in Postwar Japan 128 6 From Collaboration to Criticism 156 7 Absent Ethics, Present Ethics 167 notes 189 bibliography 245 bibliography of ichikawa hakugen’s major works 261 index 263 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for everything Pat Crosby and her staff at the University of Hawai‘i Press, as well as copy editor Drew Bryan, have done to bring this book to publica- tion. While working on the manuscript I also benefited from a number of col- leagues in Japan. For meeting with me there, answering my questions, or send- ing me materials, I thank Tom Kirchner, Tokiwa Gishin, Abe Masao, Ishii Kōsei, Nishimura Eshin, Ichikawa Hiroshi, Yamaori Tetsuo, Tsurumi Shunsuke, Yanagida Seizan, Kōno Taitsū Rōshi, Jeff Shore, Kirita Kiyohide, Horio Tsutomu, Nakao Hi- roshi, Maeda Naomi, Ueda Shizuteru, Tokiyuki Nobuhara, Dennis Hirota, Inoue Takami, and Akizuki Ryōmin. I especially want to thank Wayne Yokoyama, who on numerous occasions helped me with my research on this book and over many years has served as the local bodhisattva for scholars visiting Kyoto. I am also indebted to an array of colleagues outside of Japan. Richard Jaffe com- mented on a draft of chapter one and Suzanne Barnett critiqued a section of chapter two. For their assistance and comments on the manuscript or responses to related conference presentations, I also thank Steve Heine, John Nelson, Bill LaFleur, Sal- lie King, Jim Heisig, John Maraldo, Brian Victoria, Dan Leighton, John Makransky, Dennis Lishka, John Dower, Stuart Lachs, Bob Sharf, Jamie Hubbard, Ina Buitendijk, Helen Hardacre, Mark Blum, Ken Pyle, Cameron Hurst, John Treat, Herb Bix, Ken Kraft, Dale Wright, Micah Auerback, Jin Park, Michiko Yusa, Jackie Stone, Hal Roth, Youru Wang, Jay Ford, Ruben Habito, Janine Sawada, Chris Queen, Ryū’ichi Abe, Tak Fujitani, Alex Vesey, Stuart Smithers, Karl Fields, and Andrew Goble, among others. Needless to say, though these and other colleagues have contributed im- mensely to my writing of this book, any mistakes or inaccuracies herein are solely my responsibility. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS At various stages this project was also supported by grants from the Ful- bright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad Program (1993), Social Science Research Council (1998), the National Endowment for the Humanities (1998), the Univer- sity of Puget Sound (1991), and Stonehill College (2006). I thank my administra- tive assistant, Wendy Hanawalt, for her help inputting changes into one draft of the manuscript. I am also grateful to the Reischauer Institute for Japanese Studies, whose generosity has enabled me to work in the Harvard-Yenching Library. Several published articles originally grew out of the manuscript, and I have folded them back into it. I thank Steve Heine, editor of Japan Studies Review, for permission to integrate into chapter seven a few pages of “Wartime Nationalism and Peaceful Representation: Issues Surrounding the Multiple Zens of Modern Japan” (2001). I thank Nitta Tomomichi and the other editors of the Eastern Bud- dhist for giving me permission to use in chapters four and five portions of “Pro- tect the Dharma, Protect the Country: The Continuing Question of Buddhist War Responsibility” (XXXIII, no. 2; 2001). Chapters three and seven include portions of three articles I published in the Journal of Buddhist Ethics: “What’s Compassion Got to Do with It? Determinants of Zen Social Ethics in Japan” (vol. 12, 2005); “Not Buying in to Words and Letters: Zen, Ideology, and Prophetic Critique” (13, 2006); and “Deploying the Dharma: Reflections on the Methodology of Construc- tive Buddhist Ethics” (16, 2009). I am also grateful to John Eusden, a true mentor, who introduced me to Zen thirty-five years ago at Williams College, and to Hiroshi and Michiko Uchibori, who with great warmth and generosity introduced me directly to the cultural rich- ness of Japan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Janvier 2015, Consulté Le 08 Juillet 2021
    Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies English Selection 4 | 2015 Japan and Colonization Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 DOI : 10.4000/cjs.949 ISSN : 2268-1744 Éditeur INALCO Référence électronique Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2015, consulté le 08 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/cjs.949 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 8 juillet 2021. Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous Manchuria and the “Far Eastern Question”, 1880‑1910 Michel Vié The Beginnings of Japan’s Economic Hold over Colonial Korea, 1900-1919 Alexandre Roy Criticising Colonialism in pre‑1945 Japan Pierre‑François Souyri The History Textbook Controversy in Japan and South Korea Samuel Guex Imperialist vs Rogue. Japan, North Korea and the Colonial Issue since 1945 Adrien Carbonnet Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015 2 Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous 1 Over one hundred years have now passed since the Kingdom of Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910. It was inevitable, then, that 2010 would be an important year for scholarship on the Japanese colonisation of Korea. In response to this momentous anniversary, Cipango – Cahiers d’études japonaises launched a call for papers on the subject of Japan’s colonial past in the spring of 2009. 2 Why colonisation in general and not specifically relating to Korea? Because it seemed logical to the journal’s editors that Korea would be the focus of increased attention from specialists of East Asia, at the risk of potentially forgetting the longer—and more obscure—timeline of the colonisation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Zen and Ethics Jan Van Bragt Introduction Quite a Few
    Reflections on Zen and Ethics1 Jan Van Bragt Introduction Quite a few years ago already, the fast-growing Zen world in the United States was shocked by the news of scandals discovered in some U.S. Zen halls, sexual and financial abuses committed by Zen Masters. I have forgotten all the details already, but the facts confronted us all with an intriguing question, namely: How is it possible that Zen Masters (Rôshis) – people who are supposed to be enlightened – commit such unethical, immoral acts? From the Zen world two. rather contradictory, answers were soon heard. One, (the answer explicitly voiced by Abe Masao): “A Zen Master who commits such acts proves thereby that he is not enlightened.” The presupposition here seems to be that transcendental wisdom is intrinsically linked to morality and directs the subject to spontaneously lead a highly ethical life. – The problem here is only that doubt is thrown at the system of attestation of the enlightenment of the disciple by the master (inka). The second answer is rather the opposite of the first: “Enlightenment has nothing to do with ethics,” and further: “Zen has nothing to do with ethics.” I must confess that I never heard this answer explicitly formulated, in all its definiteness, by any of my Zen friends. The nearest thing I ever heard directly was a statement made, at the 1991 meeting of the Japan Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies, by Nishimura Eshin, presently president of Hanazono University at Kyoto: “Zen has nothing to do with social engagement.” For the sake of possible later
    [Show full text]
  • Hiroshima Castle
    Here is where you can find reliable dining, shopping English / 英語 and lodging! MAP●Ⅱ Map JR Hiroshima Station MAP●Ⅰ MAP●Ⅲ * 4 premises apart from the map of ●Ⅰ are displayed in maps of ●Ⅱ and ●Ⅲ . Yokogawa Station セブレブ ン イ ン Fresta Yokogawa Station MAP●ⅠHiroshima City Center MAP●ⅡAsakita Ward （Asa Zoological Park area） 25 12 (Naka Ward and Minami Ward Fuji area) Yokogawa 1-chome 28 Asakita Ward Mt. Notoro Sanyo Marunaka Hakushima Elementary School Kyojunji Temple 268 Hakushima Hiroshima Chuo Betsuin-mae Motomachi Senior High School Golf Club Hiroshima Teishin Hospital Asaminami Ward Motomachi Tokuoji Temple 269 Elementary School Astram LineHiroshima Castle JR Sanyo Shinkansen Line Ganjoji Temple Katei Saibansho-mae Hiroshima General Hospital Hiroden Yokogawa Line Hiroshima Family Court Kyobashi-gawa River Central Park Johoku-dori Ave. of West Japan Railway Company Yasuda Women's Tera-machi Hiroshima Hiroshima-Kamiyasu University Gokoku Shrine Shukkeien Post Office Hiroshima Green Arena 183 54 6 JR Sanyo Line Max Valu Yasuda Women's College Hiroshima City Kamiyasu Astram Line Shukkeien-mae Express Takatori 38 Children's Library Jonan-dori Ave. Noboricho 37 14 Hiroshima Central Hiroden Hakushima Line Junior High School Shinkansen Exit 29 Jogakuin-mae Chorakuji Youme Town City Library 27 Tourist Information Hiroshima Jogakuin Hiroshima-Higashi Post Office Hiroshima Station Hiroshima City Hospital Center Senior High School Yasuhigashi South Exit Honkawa-cho 15 Yoshijima Hospital Kenchomae 9 Noboricho Elementary School Tourist Information
    [Show full text]
  • ZEN at WAR War and Peace Library SERIES EDITOR: MARK SELDEN
    ZEN AT WAR War and Peace Library SERIES EDITOR: MARK SELDEN Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina BY PETER DALE SCOTT War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century EDITED BY MARK SELDEN AND ALVIN Y. So Bitter Flowers, Sweet Flowers: East Timor, Indonesia, and the World Community EDITED BY RICHARD TANTER, MARK SELDEN, AND STEPHEN R. SHALOM Politics and the Past: On Repairing Historical Injustices EDITED BY JOHN TORPEY Biological Warfare and Disarmament: New Problems/New Perspectives EDITED BY SUSAN WRIGHT BRIAN DAIZEN VICTORIA ZEN AT WAR Second Edition ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Oxford ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com P.O. Box 317, Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright © 2006 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Cover image: Zen monks at Eiheiji, one of the two head monasteries of the Sōtō Zen sect, undergoing mandatory military training shortly after the passage of the National Mobilization Law in March 1938. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Victoria, Brian Daizen, 1939– Zen at war / Brian Daizen Victoria.—2nd ed.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97g9d23n Author Mewhinney, Matthew Stanhope Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki By Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Alan Tansman, Chair Professor H. Mack Horton Professor Daniel C. O’Neill Professor Anne-Lise François Summer 2018 © 2018 Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney All Rights Reserved Abstract The Lyric Forms of the Literati Mind: Yosa Buson, Ema Saikō, Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki by Matthew Stanhope Mewhinney Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language University of California, Berkeley Professor Alan Tansman, Chair This dissertation examines the transformation of lyric thinking in Japanese literati (bunjin) culture from the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. I examine four poet- painters associated with the Japanese literati tradition in the Edo (1603-1867) and Meiji (1867- 1912) periods: Yosa Buson (1716-83), Ema Saikō (1787-1861), Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902) and Natsume Sōseki (1867-1916). Each artist fashions a lyric subjectivity constituted by the kinds of blending found in literati painting and poetry. I argue that each artist’s thoughts and feelings emerge in the tensions generated in the process of blending forms, genres, and the ideas (aesthetic, philosophical, social, cultural, and historical) that they carry with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Omori Sogen the Art of a Zen Master
    Omori Sogen The Art of a Zen Master Omori Roshi and the ogane (large temple bell) at Daihonzan Chozen-ji, Honolulu, 1982. Omori Sogen The Art of a Zen Master Hosokawa Dogen First published in 1999 by Kegan Paul International This edition first published in 2011 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © The Institute of Zen Studies 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 10: 0–7103–0588–5 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978–0–7103–0588–6 (hbk) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. The publisher has made every effort to contact original copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace. Dedicated to my parents Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Part I - The Life of Omori Sogen Chapter 1 Shugyo: 1904–1934 Chapter 2 Renma: 1934–1945 Chapter 3 Gogo no Shugyo: 1945–1994 Part II - The Three Ways Chapter 4 Zen and Budo Chapter 5 Practical Zen Chapter 6 Teisho: The World of the Absolute Present Chapter 7 Zen and the Fine Arts Appendices Books by Omori Sogen Endnotes Index Acknowledgments Many people helped me to write this book, and I would like to thank them all.
    [Show full text]
  • Cijhar 22 FINAL.Pmd
    1 1 Vijayanagara as Reflected Through its Numismatics *Dr. N.C. Sujatha Abstract Vijayanagara an out-and-out an economic state which ushered broad outlay of trade and commerce, production and manufacture for over- seas markets. Its coinage had played definitely a greater role in tremendous economic activity that went on not just in India, but also across the continent. Its cities were bustled with traders and merchandise for several countries of Europe and Africa. The soundness of their economy depended on a stable currency system. The present paper discusses the aspects relating to the coinage of Vijayanagara Empire and we could enumerate from these coins about their administration. Its currency system is a wonderful source for the study of its over-all activities of administration, social needs, religious preferences, vibrant trade and commerce and traditional agriculture and irrigation Key words : Empire, Administration, Numismatics, Currency, trade, commerce, routes, revenue, land-grants, mint, commercial, brisk, travellers, aesthetic, fineness, abundant, flourishing, gadyana, Kasu, Varaha, Honnu, panam, Pardai, enforcement, Foundation of Vijayanagara Empire in a.d.1336 is an epoch in the History of South India. It was one of the great empires founded and ruled for three hundred years, and was widely extended over peninsular India. It stood as a bulwark against the recurring invasions from the Northern India. The rule Vijayanagara is the most enthralling period for military exploits, daring conquests, spread of a sound administration. Numismatics is an important source for the study of history. At any given time, the coins in circulation can throw lot of light on then prevalent situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Seon Dialogues 禪語錄禪語錄 Seonseon Dialoguesdialogues John Jorgensen
    8 COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM 8 SEON DIALOGUES 禪語錄禪語錄 SEONSEON DIALOGUESDIALOGUES JOHN JORGENSEN COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 8 禪語錄 SEON DIALOGUES Collected Works of Korean Buddhism, Vol. 8 Seon Dialogues Edited and Translated by John Jorgensen Published by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism Distributed by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought 45 Gyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-170, Korea / T. 82-2-725-0364 / F. 82-2-725-0365 First printed on June 25, 2012 Designed by ahn graphics ltd. Printed by Chun-il Munhwasa, Paju, Korea © 2012 by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought, Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism This project has been supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Republic of Korea. ISBN: 978-89-94117-12-6 ISBN: 978-89-94117-17-1 (Set) Printed in Korea COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 8 禪語錄 SEON DIALOGUES EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY JOHN JORGENSEN i Preface to The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism At the start of the twenty-first century, humanity looked with hope on the dawning of a new millennium. A decade later, however, the global village still faces the continued reality of suffering, whether it is the slaughter of innocents in politically volatile regions, the ongoing economic crisis that currently roils the world financial system, or repeated natural disasters. Buddhism has always taught that the world is inherently unstable and its teachings are rooted in the perception of the three marks that govern all conditioned existence: impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Indeed, the veracity of the Buddhist worldview continues to be borne out by our collective experience today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tulku System in Tibetan Buddhism: Its Reliability, Orthodoxy and Social Impacts
    The Tulku System in Tibetan Buddhism: Its Reliability, Orthodoxy and Social Impacts By Ramin Etesami A thesis submitted to the graduate school in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the International Buddhist College, Thailand March, 20 Abstract The Tulku institution is a unique characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism with a central role in this tradition, to the extent that it is present in almost every aspect of Tibet’s culture and tradition. However, despite this central role and the scope and diversity of the socio-religious aspects of the institution, only a few studies have so far been conducted to shed light on it. On the other hand, an aura of sacredness; distorted pictures projected by the media and film industries;political propaganda and misinformation; and tendencies to follow a pattern of cult behavior; have made the Tulku institution a highly controversial topic for research; and consequently, an objective study of the institution based on a critical approach is difficult. The current research is an attempt to comprehensively examine different dimensions of the Tulku tradition with an emphasis on the issue of its orthodoxy with respect to the core doctrines of Buddhism and the social implications of the practice. In this research, extreme caution has been practiced to firstly, avoid any kind of bias rooted in faith and belief; and secondly, to follow a scientific methodology in reviewing evidence and scriptures related to the research topic. Through a comprehensive study of historical accounts, core Buddhist texts and hagiographic literature, this study has found that while the basic Buddhist doctrines allow the possibility for a Buddhist teacher or an advanced practitioner to “return back to accomplish his tasks, the lack of any historical precedence which can be viewed as a typical example of the practice in early Buddhism makes the issue of its orthodoxy equivocal and relative.
    [Show full text]
  • Powerful Warriors and Influential Clergy Interaction and Conflict Between the Kamakura Bakufu and Religious Institutions
    UNIVERSITY OF HAWAllllBRARI Powerful Warriors and Influential Clergy Interaction and Conflict between the Kamakura Bakufu and Religious Institutions A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY MAY 2003 By Roy Ron Dissertation Committee: H. Paul Varley, Chairperson George J. Tanabe, Jr. Edward Davis Sharon A. Minichiello Robert Huey ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a doctoral dissertation is quite an endeavor. What makes this endeavor possible is advice and support we get from teachers, friends, and family. The five members of my doctoral committee deserve many thanks for their patience and support. Special thanks go to Professor George Tanabe for stimulating discussions on Kamakura Buddhism, and at times, on human nature. But as every doctoral candidate knows, it is the doctoral advisor who is most influential. In that respect, I was truly fortunate to have Professor Paul Varley as my advisor. His sharp scholarly criticism was wonderfully balanced by his kindness and continuous support. I can only wish others have such an advisor. Professors Fred Notehelfer and Will Bodiford at UCLA, and Jeffrey Mass at Stanford, greatly influenced my development as a scholar. Professor Mass, who first introduced me to the complex world of medieval documents and Kamakura institutions, continued to encourage me until shortly before his untimely death. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to them. In Japan, I would like to extend my appreciation and gratitude to Professors Imai Masaharu and Hayashi Yuzuru for their time, patience, and most valuable guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • Taosrewrite FINAL New Title Cover
    Authenticity and Architecture Representation and Reconstruction in Context Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Ruth First zaal van de Universiteit op maandag 10 november 2014 om 10.15 uur door Robert Curtis Anderson geboren op 5 april 1966 te Brooklyn, New York, USA Promotores: prof. dr. K. Gergen prof. dr. A. de Ruijter Overige leden van de Promotiecommissie: prof. dr. V. Aebischer prof. dr. E. Todorova dr. J. Lannamann dr. J. Storch 2 Robert Curtis Anderson Authenticity and Architecture Representation and Reconstruction in Context 3 Cover Images (top to bottom): Fantoft Stave Church, Bergen, Norway photo by author Ise Shrine Secondary Building, Ise-shi, Japan photo by author King Håkon’s Hall, Bergen, Norway photo by author Kazan Cathedral, Moscow, Russia photo by author Walter Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts, US photo by Mark Cohn, taken from: UPenn Almanac, www.upenn.edu/almanac/volumes 4 Table of Contents Abstract Preface 1 Grand Narratives and Authenticity 2 The Social Construction of Architecture 3 Authenticity, Memory, and Truth 4 Cultural Tourism, Conservation Practices, and Authenticity 5 Authenticity, Appropriation, Copies, and Replicas 6 Authenticity Reconstructed: the Fantoft Stave Church, Bergen, Norway 7 Renewed Authenticity: the Ise Shrines (Geku and Naiku), Ise-shi, Japan 8 Concluding Discussion Appendix I, II, and III I: The Venice Charter, 1964 II: The Nara Document on Authenticity, 1994 III: Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003 Bibliography Acknowledgments 5 6 Abstract Architecture is about aging well, about precision and authenticity.1 - Annabelle Selldorf, architect Throughout human history, due to war, violence, natural catastrophes, deterioration, weathering, social mores, and neglect, the cultural meanings of various architectural structures have been altered.
    [Show full text]
  • Tokimeku: the Poetics of Marie Kondo's Konmari Method
    Flowers, Johnathan. “Tokimeku: The Poetics of Marie Kondo’s KonMari Method.” SPECTRA 7, no. 2 (2020): pp. 5–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/spectra.v7i2.146 ARTICLE Tokimeku: The Poetics of Marie Kondo’s KonMari Method Johnathan Flowers Worcester State University, US [email protected] Mono no aware is a poetic term developed by Motoori Norinaga to refer to the driving force behind aesthetic works, specifically poetry, and to refer to the human awareness of the qualitative nature of our experience in the world. For Norinaga, the cultivation of mono no aware necessarily leads to heightened sensitivity to both natural and man-made objects. As mono no aware is the natural response of the cultivated heart to the world around us, Norinaga takes it to be fundamental to human experience. Norinaga’s interpretation of the term aware as “to be stirred” bears striking similarities to the concept of “sparking joy” or tokimeku as used by Marie Kondo in her KonMari system. In Japanese, Kondo’s phrase “spark joy” is written as tokimeku, a word whose literal translation means “throb,” “pulsate,” or “beat fast,” as in the heart’s response to anticipation or anxiety. The aim of the present work is to make clear the connection between tokimeku in the KonMari system and Norinaga’s poetics of mono no aware. Specifically, this paper indicates the ways in which the KonMari system functions in line with a tradition of Japanese aesthetics of experience. This philosophy informs Japanese aesthetic practices and is articulated throughout Japanese poetics. This paper places Kondo in conversation with Norinaga’s work on aware and mono no aware towards a conceptualization of the KonMari system as an implement for cultivating a mindful heart.
    [Show full text]