Discussion of Next Term • Final design project information • Discussion of final exam • Discussion of grading for group projects • Other useful information

© 2013 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 1 Notes • Due date for project 5 postponed to time of final exam Monday 12/16 • Slides for Tuesday’s class (Sensors and Actuators) posted to Piazza site • Reminders: – Final exam limited single 8.5”x11” sheet of notes – Bring a calculator – Given honest attempt, final will only be counted if it improves overall grade

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 2 ENAE 483/788D Final Exam Questions • Orbital mechanics • Rocket performance • Reliability • Life support • Power systems • Structural design • Thermal analysis • Cost analysis • Propulsion systems • Systems engineering U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 3 Grading Rubrik for Group Projects • 10 - essentially perfect • 9 - excellent • 8 - very good • 7 - good • 6 - okay • 5 - minor deficiencies • 4 - significant deficiencies • 3 or below - major deficiencies

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 4 Fall Term Project Organization Systems Crew Systems Power, Propulsion, and Loads, Structures, and Avionics and Engineering Thermal Mechanisms Software A1 B1 C1 D1 E1

A2 B2 C2 D2 E2

A3 B3 C3 D3 E3

A4 B4 C4 D4 E4

A5 B5 C5 D5 E5

A6 B6 C6 D6 E6

A7 B7 C7 D7 E7

A8 B8 C8 D8 E8

A9 B9 C9 D9 E9

A10 B10 C10 D10 E10

A11 B11 C11 D11 E11 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 5 Grades • Scores for each project will be mailed to each team member • Project scores consist of 0-10 assessment in each of ~10 categories plus comments • Your course grade is made up primarily of your grades from each project, plus the problem set and final (if helpful)

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 6 Sample of Project Grading Feedback

Systems'Architecture 10 7 Considered,'but'minimally'presented Level'1'Requirements 10 8

Didn't'even'include'placeholders'for'other'requirements'(e.g.,'avionics,' comm);'some'strange'choices'on'where'to'put'requirements'(e.g.,' Requirements'Flowdown 10 8 volume'"suitable'for'human'habitation"'as'an'LSM'requirements)

Work'Breakdown'Structure 10 8 Like'that'you'make'mockup'operations'into'a'dedicated'specialty

Excellent'concept'overall;'could'have'had'more'detail'in'interior'and' Concept'detail'and'feasibility 10 9 systems Good'work'on'overall'images,'use'of'human'images,'provision'of'airlock' and'docking'ports,'dimensioned'drawing!;'minimal'interior'details,'no' CAD'quality 10 9 threeSviews

Functional'breakdown/trades 10 9 Good'research'for'SOA'from'prior'systems

Draft'concept'of'operations 10 6 Only'implicit'in'LIRP'discussions

Text'generally'acceptable'but'smaller'than'necessary;'text'too'small'in' Slide'package'quality 10 7 tables

Evidence'of'critical'thought 10 9 good'detail'(e.g.,'airlock'sizing)

Bonus'for'extra'effort 4 really'liked'the'CAD Other'positive'comments 2 program'deliverables'chart Other'negative'comments S1 didn't'have'citation'for'image'used'on'page'30 average high low Overall'score 100 85 64.8 85 51 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 7 A (Revised) Vision for ENAE484 • Design a cislunar space habitat capable of providing data on long-term spaceflight prior to human Mars missions – Radiation – Effects of hypogravity • Phased approach to utilization – Phase 1: early microgravity – Phase 2: artificial gravity – Phase 3: full lunar/Mars mission simulations • Each phase should take no more than one additional heavy-lift launch U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 8 Concept of Station Operations • Minimum functional habitat inserted into lunar distant retrograde orbit to support Asteroid Redirect Mission • Decision on moving to alternative point in cislunar space for long-term biological studies (EM L2? leave in DRO?) • Addition of elements to allow rotational partial gravity • 6 month studies of physiological effects of lunar, Mars, other gravity levels • Addition of elements to allow extended autonomy for Mars mission simulation • Performance of full Mars mission (with/without partial gravity en route?) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 9 Level 1 Rqmts: Cislunar Habitation • The system shall be capable of operation at any Earth-Moon libration point, low lunar orbit, or a distant retrograde orbit • The system shall support crew for nominal 30 day missions • The system shall be compatible with Orion and commercial crew vehicles • The system shall be designed for resupply to support multiple missions • Phase 1 habitat shall be capable of supporting Asteroid Redirect Mission in lunar DRO U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 10 L1 Rqmts: Partial Gravity Simulation • The system shall be upgraded to be rotated to provide artificial gravity up to one Earth g • The system shall be upgraded to the extent possible using surplus hardware (e.g., spent upper stages, empty logistics modules) and additional hardware requiring no more than one dedicated HLLV launch • The system shall support up to six-person crews for periods up to six months without resupply

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 11 L1 Rqmts: Mars Mission Simulation • The system shall be capable of simulating a complete conjunction-type Mars mission (~1000 days) without nominal resupply • The system shall be capable of differing gravitation levels throughout the simulated mission • The system shall provide some means of simulated EVA at Mars gravity during the appropriate parts of the simulation • The system shall be upgraded with additional hardware requiring no more than one dedicated HLLV launch U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 12 Top-Level WBS for ENAE 484 • Develop a detailed systems design for an evolutionary cislunar habitat program – Microgravity habitat – Variable gravity habitat – Full Mars mission simulation capability • Perform experimental verification of habitat design – 1g simulations – Underwater simulations of 0g, lunar, and Mars conditions

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 13 Data from Preference Survey • Strongly focused on experimentation - 12 • Mostly focused on experimentation - 19 • Equal experiment and analysis - 3 • Mostly focused on analysis - 7 • Strongly focused on analysis - 1

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 14 Expectations for ENAE484 • Single, coherent, integrated project with both analytical and experimental content • Analytical development of systems design is critical for course pedagogy, context for experimentation • Every student is expected to make technical contributions to the project • Grades will also reflect efforts on supporting organization and logistics of project

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 15 Pedagogical Implications of 483/484 • Senior capstone design sequence – Apply principles of systems engineering to large real- world application – Perform full end-to-end mission architecture and vehicle design analyses – Utilize tools gained from four years of Aerospace Engineering education • Use mission design aspects as context for experimental testing • Take advantage of unique assets and expertise at the University of Maryland U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 16 Clarke Station (ENAE 484 Spring 2001)

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 17 Phoenix Station (ENAE484 Spring 2006)

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 18 Habitat Configuration - Team B1

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 19 Habitat Configuration - Team B2

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 20 Habitat Configuration - Team B3

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 21 Habitat Configuration - Team B4

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 22 Habitat Configuration - Team B5

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 23 Habitat Configuration - Team B6

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 24 Habitat Configuration - Team B7

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 25 Habitat Configuration - Team B8

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 26 Habitat Configuration - Team B9

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 27 Habitat Configuration - Team B10

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 28 Habitat Configuration - Team B11

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 29 Project Design Challenges • Establishment of canonical habitat design • Definition of science requirements for long-term study of variable gravity habitation • Establishment of reference program conops (locations for station, transport requirements, timelines for development and testing phases) • Development of system architecture (launch vehicle interfaces; transportation to cislunar space; accommodation of transport and logistics systems) • Definition of component systems (e.g., power, propulsion, thermal control, avionics, life support) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 30 Project Design Challenges • Detailed design and analysis of structural components • Definition of logistics requirements and servicing system • Design of habitat layout and accommodation of both microgravity and planetary gravity levels • Identifying technology readiness levels and systems with particular development needs • Program scheduling and cost estimation

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 31 Habitat Design and Selection Concept • Start with best designs from Fall mini-teams • Develop CAD models of appropriate complexity • Perform virtual reality “walk-throughs” using SSL Oculus Rift system • Downselect to 2-3 canonical designs – Drop clearly inferior designs based on subjective evaluations from walk-through – Modify and create hybrid designs taking best features from several concepts – Evaluate using questionnaires and relative rankings to define designs for hardware implementation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 32 Planning for Experimental Studies • Identify experimental objectives for both 1g and underwater systems • Complete designs for experimental set-ups; evaluate against program budget • Order components and perform modifications to existing habitat systems • Establish test protocols and matrices; identify test subjects; verify human use approvals • Perform human testing to evaluate habitat designs • Use results to modify system design as necessary U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 33 1-G Testing: ECLIPSE Habitat

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 34 ECLIPSE Details and Capabilities • Developed as minimum functional habitat element for lunar program under NASA ESMD funding in 2009-2010 • Two floors, 3.6 m diameter – 20 m2 floor area – 40 m3 habitable volume – Also incorporates external airlock module • Little used for last three years; will require basic cleaning and cosmetic repair to use as-is • Can be stripped to test new internal layouts

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 35 1-G Testing: HAVEN Module • Two story habitat module (currently limited to one level) • Modular removable wall sections (8x45° sectors)enable total reconfiguration of the habitat • Multiple vertical hatch locations enables a wider variety of layouts to be implemented • 5m outer diameter provides 20 m2 floor area and 40 m3 in current configuration; double if upper level is added U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 36 Haven Initial Outfitting

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 37 HAVEN Outfitting • HAVEN is designed to be highly modular and easily reconfigurable – Each interchangeable wall section is separately wired for power and lighting – Widespread use of pegboard panelling for quick additions of surface-mount items • Designed with dual hatches to upper level (centerline and next to the wall) for comparison • Potential access to storage volume between floor joists

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 38 1G Simulation: Short Term • Single-task operations, e.g. – Maintenance – Mission operations, e.g. telerobotic operations – Stowage operations – Food preparation and eating • Accommodations for multiple crew in cooperative or independent tasks • Video/audio monitoring and comm to simulated mission control (real-time and time delay) • Controllable data delay in comm loop

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 39 1-G Simulation: Medium Duration • “A day in the life...” • Select volunteers for mission segment simulations up to a full day • May simulate portion of sleep cycles, but will not stay overnight (code issues) • Set up “mission control” next-door in Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility to monitor and interact • Note crew real-time comments on habitability issues; use post-test questionnaires and TLX assessments as quantitative metrics

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 40 Expanded Options for 1-G Testing • Multi-day simulations – Would require work to meet code (as per UMd Fire Marshall) – Concomitant requirement for round-the-clock “mission control” for safety, monitoring, and data collection • Interaction with robotic systems – UMd-developed manipulator systems (wall mounts already built into HAVEN walls) – Wheeled mobility bases inside hab • Facility upgrades – Add second floor to HAVEN – Move ECLIPSE to mate to HAVEN⇒CHELONIA U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 41 Habitability Evaluation • Goal: identify a rigorous process to define habitability • Construct parametric curves based on experimental evaluations of low to medium fidelity mock-ups for both 1g and underwater testing • Potential analytical tools – AHP(Analytic hierarchy process) – NASA TLX – Cooper Harper – Fitt’s Law derived evaluations • Extrapolate results to cover a broader spectrum of habitat configurations and dimensions

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 42 UMd Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 43 Underwater Habitat Mockup

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 44 Underwater Habitat Three-View

18 ft

8 ft 8 ft

14.5 ft

13.4 ft

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 45 End Dome of Underwater Hab

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 46 Underwater Habitat Mockup Details • Truss construction from 1.5in schedule 40 PVC plumbing and commercial fixtures • One endcap with standard Common Berthing Mechanism hatch modeled • Capable of being tested in horizontal or vertical orientation • Use large-cell net or polyethylene panels for external walls if desired • Can install rigid fiberglass panels for internal structures as necessary • Capable of expansion (e.g., airlock simulator, additional module length, interconnecting modules) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 47 Underwater Habitat Testing • Component-level testing, e.g. – Traverses between decks (ladders, stairs, other) – Partial gravity neutral body posture? – Reach and force envelopes? – Workstation designs • Habitability testing, e.g. – Distributed tasks (waterproof tablets at various work stations require test subject to maneuver around station interior) – Standardized maintenance task with variable ballasted component elements U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 48 Underwater Habitat Applications • Microgravity operations and layout assessment • Ballasted partial gravity operations and layout assessment • Vertical vs. horizontal habitat comparison • Full high-resolution, high-rate motion capture • Rich infrastructure of monitoring cameras, two- way audio communications with test subjects • Ability to perform basic microgravity/partial gravity anthropometric testing

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 49 Extended Options for UW Testing • Interior interactions with free-fliers or manipulators • Use of Qualisys 12-camera motion tracking system to monitor/quantify test subject motions • Underwater six-axis force-torque sensor to quantify applied loads; Qualisys system to measure reach envelope • Underwater suit (MX-3) and suit simulators for EVA operations U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 50 Spring 2014 Tentative Schedule • Jan. 28 - first day of ENAE484 • mid Feb. - requirements/trade study review; verify all long-lead items on order • early March - Preliminary Design Review • mid-March - outline of final report due • early April - review of test sites and planning for human factors testing • late April - Critical Design Review • May 13 - final report due • June 17-19 - RASC-AL competition (Cocoa Beach) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 51 ENAE484 Specialty Teams

Avionics and Software: Crew Systems: Loads, Stuctures, and Colin Adamson Ashok Bhattarai Mechanisms: Jennifer King Irene Borillo Llorca Matthew Adams Rubbel Kumar Kevin Ferguson Michael Kantzer Mihir Patel Samuel Garay Benjamin Mellman Michael Schaffer Sarin Kunnath Ryan Moran Kristy Weber Oliver Ortiz William Ouyang Mark Schneider Brandyn Phillips Cody Toothaker

Mission Planning Power, Propulsion, Systems Integration: and Analysis: and Thermal: Bianna Brassard Matthew Feeney Charl DuToit Rajarshi Chattopadhyay Kurt Gonter Irving Garcia Kyle Cloutier Matthew Horowitz Chandan Kittur Alexander Downes Douglas Klein Brooks Muller Donald Gregorich Sahin Kunnath Michael Shallcross Edward Levine Pegah Pashai Daniel Todaro Atin Mitra Kyle Zittle Mazi Wallace Nitin Raghu

U N I V E R S I T Y O F Next Term’s Project ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 52