THE WAITProject- LESS Flow EVA SOLUTION: SINGLE- PERSON SPACECRAFT
BRAND GRIFFIN FISO 9 - 16- 20 GENESIS ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 1 https://genesisesi.com/ 1 Page 1 Suit Trend
Single Suit Solution Separate Launch/Entry and EVA Suits Lunar Gravity Lunar GravityWeightless Weightless Past Current Future
Launch/Entry Launch/Entry Options
ApolloApollo A7-LB ExtravehicularApollo A7-LB Orlan DMA ExtravehicularEMU Orlan DMA XEMU Mobility Unit Mobility Unit 180 lbs 310 lbs < 344 lbs*
* Project Technical Requirements Specification, For the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (XEMU), June 5, 2019, Rev. C, CTSD-ADV-1188 Page 2 “Spacewalking”Walk on planets - Fly in space
Surface EVA Weightless EVA SPS Weightless Operations Legs Used for Walking Arms Used for Walking Propulsion for “Walking” Arms Used for Operating Tools Arms Used for Operating Tools Manipulators Used for Tools
Legs not used for walking
Page 3 3 Page 3 Weightless EVA Options
Current Planned Planned
= For Weightless Overhead
Extravehicular Exploration Extravehicular Single-Person Mobility Unit (EMU) Mobility Unit (xEMU) Spacecraft (SPS)
Page 4 Page 4 Single-Person Spacecraft
Weightless Posture Baseline Configuration Dual Mode Operation
Crew Enclosure Crown Assembly
External Equipment Bay
Ingress/Egress Micrometeoroid/Debris Shield Piloted Tele-op
RETIRED
Manned Maneuvering Unit Single-Person Spacecraft Page 5 Progress
Engineering Design University Full Scale Flight Taurus Dome Impact Test Neutral Buoyancy Propulsion System Advanced Life Informatics Proto-Flight and Analysis Competition Mockup Simulator VR Simulator Tests Robotics Support GEN6000 Pressure Tests
Applications
ISS Servicing HST Space Tourism Lunar Gateway Mars Transit
Page 6 Page 6 SPS = Wait-less EVA (reduction~70 hours per EVA)
“Nothing happens fast during the preparations for a space walk...it takes several days over about a week to prepare for a space walk.” Astronaut Don Pettit
“For an astronaut, going outside is a dangerous undertaking that requires days of preparation.” Astronaut Scott Kelly
Page 7 Wait-less = Cost-less ~$1.2 M per EVA
Why are Mass and Time Important? 1 hr. ISS Crew Time = $17,500 (approx. $300/min.)
Interim ISS Use and Pricing*
Preparation 58.25 hr. Post-EVA 15.83 TOTAL 74.08 hr.
$17,500/hr. = $1,296,400
Preparation 0.16 hr. Post-EVA 0.16 TOTAL 0.32 hr.
$17,500/hr. = $5,600
*Human Spaceflight Continuity and the International Space Station, 2019 International Astronautical Congress, Washington D.C., Samuel Scimemi, Director, International Space Station,
Page 8 Summary Comparison
Task Suited EVA SPS Wait-less EVA EVA Preparation 58 hours 10 minutes (6 min. for MMU) Space suit fit 12 hours No sizing (one size fits all) Airlock depress 30-40 minutes No airlock (direct access) Translation 12-34% of EVA Minutes Airlock repress 15 minutes Minutes (pressure equalization) Suit doffing 25 minutes No doffing (direct ingress) Post EVA 15 hours 10 minutes (10 min. for MMU) Training 100 NBL hrs./EVA TBD Simulator hours Gateway Ops No EVA for first 4 years Early and continuous ops
Page 9 Weighs-less: No Airlock for SPS (up to 21,000 lbs. with ISS type Airlock)
ISS Quest Airlock SPS Vestibule (no airlock) (Can be any airlock) (mates with International Dock Sys)
Equipment Lock
Crew Lock
21,896 lbm* 250 lbm ORU/Sample Pass through
Astronauts in Equipment Lock
*NASA EVA Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Airlocks and Alternative Ingress/Egress Methods Document, NASA, EVA-EXP-0031, Baseline, 04/18/2018 Page 10 Wait-less: Rapid Access to Space
Suited EVA Presents Risk Pre-breathing Oxygen What is Different? No Risk of the Bends Decompression Sickness (Bends) To Avoid Getting Bends PAST (Purge Nitrogen) Apollo System Common Oxygen Atmosphere
SPS 14.7 psi, O2/N2 NOW and FUTURE Common Spacecraft Atmosphere 14.7 psi, O2/N2 (Draft Inter-operability Std. for Gateway) No Pre-breathing Required
ISS Orion Lunar Gateway Spacecraft 14.7 psi, O2/N2
Soyuz Starliner 100 Crew Dragon Orion
Page 11 Wait-less: On-orbit Sizing (12 hrs. for sizing suits)
Large population range requires 106 suit SPS: One size fits all sizing parts on ISS No additional sizing parts
Weightless simulation verified sizing
“A proper space suit fit is particularly challenging because of NASA’s desire to fit an incredibly diverse population (males and females from the 1st to 99th percentile) while developing a minimum number of space suit sizes.”
Complexity of Sizing for Space Suit Applications, Benson E., Rajulu S. (2009) Complexity of Sizing for Space Suit Applications. In: Duffy V.G. (eds) Digital Human Modeling. ICDHM 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5620. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Page 12 Rad-less: Radiation Protection
Exploration Environment Exposed to Radiation Protected Exposed
Radiation Vests Space Suits SPS No Interference Lunar Gateway outside Earth’s Protective Magnetic Field Vest interferes with suit
Inside or Outside
ILC Stemrad Page 13 Pain-less: Induced Trauma
Suit Trauma SPS No ”Suit” Trauma Suit induced trauma can occur even with minimal EVA time1
25 Astronaut Shoulder Surgeries2
Cooling Garment Impressions
Delaminated Fingernails3
Swelling, Inflammation Knee abrasion
1 Extravehicular Activity – Challenges in Planetary Exploration, Carl Walz / Mike Gernhardt, 27 February, 2008, Third Space Exploration Conference and Exhibit, Denver, CO 2 Shoulder Injuries in US Astronauts Related to EVA Suit Design, R. Scheuring, DO, MS, FAsMA, FAAFP 3 Opperman RA, Waldie JM, Natapoff A, Newman DJ, Jones JA , Probability of spacesuit-induced fingernail trauma is associated with hand circumference, Aviation Space Environ Med 2010 Oct; 81(10):907-13. Page 14 Wet-less: Managing Weightless Liquids
Space Suit SPS Water in Suit Helmet Life-threatening condition
Can’t get hands in helmet SPS has “Hands-in” Operation
Since 2010, 5 EVA water incidents, 1 visual impairment*
*NASA, “Significant Incidents and Close Calls in Human Spaceflight: EVA Operations,” July 27, 2016
Lessons Learned Conducting Spacewalks from the International Space Station, 88th Annual Scientific Meeting, Joe Dervay M.D. -Flight Surgeon -NASA Johnson Space Center, Keith Brandt M.D. –Flight Surgeon –KBRWyle, Andrew Washington –ISS Biomedical Flight Controller -KBRWyle Page 15 Wait-less: Reduced Time To/from Work Site (12-34% of EVA for Translation, life support consumables) Suited EVA SPS EVA “In space there’s no resistance to any move you make, so you have MMU ~ SPS Performance to go really slow.” Astronaut Mike Massimino
Percent Seven US and Russian ISS EVAs 60 80 EVA Time 0 20 40 100 Work Overhead
7 45 2 1 Troubleshooting Worksite Prep. “MMU can return to the airlock from the furthest Support Equip. point on Space Station (about 146.30 m (480 ft)) in Translation less than 1 minute.”2 Rest
1. Quantifying EVA Task Efficiency, C. Looper and Z. Ney, AIAA 2006-5766 2. Extravehicular Activity Task Work Efficiency, C Looper and Z. Ney, SAE 2005-01-3014 Page 16 Wet-less: Development and Training
Space Suits $$$ SPS Flight Simulator $ Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (Over 100 hrs. Training per EVA) “Office-like” Environment
•Large unique facility •Many test personnel •No unique training •Conventional Office •Many skilled staff •Safety issues •No certification •Available projectors Divers •Certification Training •No safety issues •Available computers Suit techs •Pressurized gases •On-orbit training •Proven software Overhead crane •Control room •Laptop platform •Few test personnel •Hyperbaric chamber •No on-orbit training
Page 17 Minimal Overhead = New Way for EVA
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Overhead Excursion Extensive overhead encourages long EVAs
Crew Rest Day Crew A Re-charge PLSS A
2 Astronauts Suits
Minimal overhead with no pre-breathe allows short or long excursions
Re- Re- Re- charge charge charge A B C (Auto- C A A (Auto- B (Auto- mated) mated) mated)
Different Astronauts Multiple Excursions SPS Short or long excursions No day of rest between EVA Single-Person Not physically demanding No suit re-sizing for different crew Spacecraft : No strength or conditioning requirements No suit cleaning
No prebreathe with automated checkout allows rapid and frequent space access
Page 18 Wait-less: For Gateway EVA Operations
No Suited EVA for Four years Crew Presence (one month/year) Suited EVA No Airlock
20202020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Airlock (last element)
Gateway Buildup
Continuous EVA SPS EVA
Page 19 SPS is the Wait-less EVA Solution
• Rapid access to space • Minimal post EVA overhead • No inventory of suit parts and no “suit fit” issue • One size fits all • SPS enables short EVAs by different crew • Safer • No risk of “bends” • Less flammable • No risk of helmet water • No suit trauma
• Ready access to video, camera views, check lists with onboard Information Management System Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) • Simulator training is agile and less expenses expensive than neutral buoyancy • Piloted and teleop modes offer continuous EVA
Page 20 Page 20 End
Page 21 Suited EVA Overhead Time
ALCLR = Airlock Cooling Loop Recovery Unit
1 EVA Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Airlocks and Alternative Ingress/Egress Methods Document, NASA, EVA-EXP-0031, Baseline, 04/18/2018 Page 22