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Project Flow 1 THE WAITProject- LESS Flow EVA SOLUTION: SINGLE- PERSON SPACECRAFT BRAND GRIFFIN FISO 9 - 16- 20 GENESIS ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 1 https://genesisesi.com/ 1 Page 1 Suit Trend Single Suit Solution Separate Launch/Entry and EVA Suits Lunar Gravity Lunar GravityWeightless Weightless Past Current Future Launch/Entry Launch/Entry Options ApolloApollo A7-LB ExtravehicularApollo A7-LB Orlan DMA ExtravehicularEMU Orlan DMA XEMU Mobility Unit Mobility Unit 180 lbs 310 lbs < 344 lbs* * Project Technical Requirements Specification, For the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (XEMU), June 5, 2019, Rev. C, CTSD-ADV-1188 Page 2 “Spacewalking”Walk on planets - Fly in space Surface EVA Weightless EVA SPS Weightless Operations Legs Used for Walking Arms Used for Walking Propulsion for “Walking” Arms Used for Operating Tools Arms Used for Operating Tools Manipulators Used for Tools Legs not used for walking Page 3 3 Page 3 Weightless EVA Options Current Planned Planned = For Weightless Overhead Extravehicular Exploration Extravehicular Single-Person Mobility Unit (EMU) Mobility Unit (xEMU) Spacecraft (SPS) Page 4 Page 4 Single-Person Spacecraft Weightless Posture Baseline Configuration Dual Mode Operation Crew Enclosure Crown Assembly External Equipment Bay Ingress/Egress Micrometeoroid/Debris Shield Piloted Tele-op RETIRED Manned Maneuvering Unit Single-Person Spacecraft Page 5 Progress Engineering Design University Full Scale Flight Taurus Dome Impact Test Neutral Buoyancy Propulsion System Advanced Life Informatics Proto-Flight and Analysis Competition Mockup Simulator VR Simulator Tests Robotics Support GEN6000 Pressure Tests Applications ISS Servicing HST Space Tourism Lunar Gateway Mars Transit Page 6 Page 6 SPS = Wait-less EVA (reduction~70 hours per EVA) “Nothing happens fast during the preparations for a space walk...it takes several days over about a week to prepare for a space walk.” Astronaut Don Pettit “For an astronaut, going outside is a dangerous undertaking that requires days of preparation.” Astronaut Scott Kelly Page 7 Wait-less = Cost-less ~$1.2 M per EVA Why are Mass and Time Important? 1 hr. ISS Crew Time = $17,500 (approx. $300/min.) Interim ISS Use and Pricing* Preparation 58.25 hr. Post-EVA 15.83 TOTAL 74.08 hr. $17,500/hr. = $1,296,400 Preparation 0.16 hr. Post-EVA 0.16 TOTAL 0.32 hr. $17,500/hr. = $5,600 *Human Spaceflight Continuity and the International Space Station, 2019 International Astronautical Congress, Washington D.C., Samuel Scimemi, Director, International Space Station, Page 8 Summary Comparison Task Suited EVA SPS Wait-less EVA EVA Preparation 58 hours 10 minutes (6 min. for MMU) Space suit fit 12 hours No sizing (one size fits all) Airlock depress 30-40 minutes No airlock (direct access) Translation 12-34% of EVA Minutes Airlock repress 15 minutes Minutes (pressure equalization) Suit doffing 25 minutes No doffing (direct ingress) Post EVA 15 hours 10 minutes (10 min. for MMU) Training 100 NBL hrs./EVA TBD Simulator hours Gateway Ops No EVA for first 4 years Early and continuous ops Page 9 Weighs-less: No Airlock for SPS (up to 21,000 lbs. with ISS type Airlock) ISS Quest Airlock SPS Vestibule (no airlock) (Can be any airlock) (mates with International Dock Sys) Equipment Lock Crew Lock 21,896 lbm* 250 lbm ORU/Sample Pass through Astronauts in Equipment Lock *NASA EVA Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Airlocks and Alternative Ingress/Egress Methods Document, NASA, EVA-EXP-0031, Baseline, 04/18/2018 Page 10 Wait-less: Rapid Access to Space Suited EVA Presents Risk Pre-breathing Oxygen What is Different? No Risk of the Bends Decompression Sickness (Bends) To Avoid Getting Bends PAST (Purge Nitrogen) Apollo System Common Oxygen Atmosphere SPS 14.7 psi, O2/N2 NOW and FUTURE Common Spacecraft Atmosphere 14.7 psi, O2/N2 (Draft Inter-operability Std. for Gateway) No Pre-breathing Required ISS Orion Lunar Gateway Spacecraft 14.7 psi, O2/N2 Soyuz Starliner 100 Crew Dragon Orion Page 11 Wait-less: On-orbit Sizing (12 hrs. for sizing suits) Large population range requires 106 suit SPS: One size fits all sizing parts on ISS No additional sizing parts Weightless simulation verified sizing “A proper space suit fit is particularly challenging because of NASA’s desire to fit an incredibly diverse population (males and females from the 1st to 99th percentile) while developing a minimum number of space suit sizes.” Complexity of Sizing for Space Suit Applications, Benson E., Rajulu S. (2009) Complexity of Sizing for Space Suit Applications. In: Duffy V.G. (eds) Digital Human Modeling. ICDHM 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5620. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Page 12 Rad-less: Radiation Protection Exploration Environment Exposed to Radiation Protected Exposed Radiation Vests Space Suits SPS No Interference Lunar Gateway outside Earth’s Protective Magnetic Field Vest interferes with suit Inside or Outside ILC Stemrad Page 13 Pain-less: Induced Trauma Suit Trauma SPS No ”Suit” Trauma Suit induced trauma can occur even with minimal EVA time1 25 Astronaut Shoulder Surgeries2 Cooling Garment Impressions Delaminated Fingernails3 Swelling, Inflammation Knee abrasion 1 Extravehicular Activity – Challenges in Planetary Exploration, Carl Walz / Mike Gernhardt, 27 February, 2008, Third Space Exploration Conference and Exhibit, Denver, CO 2 Shoulder Injuries in US Astronauts Related to EVA Suit Design, R. Scheuring, DO, MS, FAsMA, FAAFP 3 Opperman RA, Waldie JM, Natapoff A, Newman DJ, Jones JA , Probability of spacesuit-induced fingernail trauma is associated with hand circumference, Aviation Space Environ Med 2010 Oct; 81(10):907-13. Page 14 Wet-less: Managing Weightless Liquids Space Suit SPS Water in Suit Helmet Life-threatening condition Can’t get hands in helmet SPS has “Hands-in” Operation Since 2010, 5 EVA water incidents, 1 visual impairment* *NASA, “Significant Incidents and Close Calls in Human Spaceflight: EVA Operations,” July 27, 2016 Lessons Learned Conducting Spacewalks from the International Space Station, 88th Annual Scientific Meeting, Joe Dervay M.D. -Flight Surgeon -NASA Johnson Space Center, Keith Brandt M.D. –Flight Surgeon –KBRWyle, Andrew Washington –ISS Biomedical Flight Controller -KBRWyle Page 15 Wait-less: Reduced Time To/from Work Site (12-34% of EVA for Translation, life support consumables) Suited EVA SPS EVA “In space there’s no resistance to any move you make, so you have MMU ~ SPS Performance to go really slow.” Astronaut Mike Massimino Percent Seven US and Russian ISS EVAs 60 80 EVA Time 0 20 40 100 Work Overhead 7 45 2 1 Troubleshooting Worksite Prep. “MMU can return to the airlock from the furthest Support Equip. point on Space Station (about 146.30 m (480 ft)) in Translation less than 1 minute.”2 Rest 1. Quantifying EVA Task Efficiency, C. Looper and Z. Ney, AIAA 2006-5766 2. Extravehicular Activity Task Work Efficiency, C Looper and Z. Ney, SAE 2005-01-3014 Page 16 Wet-less: Development and Training Space Suits $$$ SPS Flight Simulator $ Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (Over 100 hrs. Training per EVA) “Office-like” Environment •Large unique facility •Many test personnel •No unique training •Conventional Office •Many skilled staff •Safety issues •No certification •Available projectors Divers •Certification Training •No safety issues •Available computers Suit techs •Pressurized gases •On-orbit training •Proven software Overhead crane •Control room •Laptop platform •Few test personnel •Hyperbaric chamber •No on-orbit training Page 17 Minimal Overhead = New Way for EVA Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Overhead Excursion Extensive overhead encourages long EVAs Crew Rest Day Crew A Re-charge PLSS A 2 Astronauts Suits Minimal overhead with no pre-breathe allows short or long excursions Re- Re- Re- charge charge charge A B C (Auto- C A A (Auto- B (Auto- mated) mated) mated) Different Astronauts Multiple Excursions SPS Short or long excursions No day of rest between EVA Single-Person Not physically demanding No suit re-sizing for different crew Spacecraft : No strength or conditioning requirements No suit cleaning No prebreathe with automated checkout allows rapid and frequent space access Page 18 Wait-less: For Gateway EVA Operations No Suited EVA for Four years Crew Presence (one month/year) Suited EVA No Airlock 20202020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Airlock (last element) Gateway Buildup Continuous EVA SPS EVA Page 19 SPS is the Wait-less EVA Solution • Rapid access to space • Minimal post EVA overhead • No inventory of suit parts and no “suit fit” issue • One size fits all • SPS enables short EVAs by different crew • Safer • No risk of “bends” • Less flammable • No risk of helmet water • No suit trauma • Ready access to video, camera views, check lists with onboard Information Management System Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) • Simulator training is agile and less expenses expensive than neutral buoyancy • Piloted and teleop modes offer continuous EVA Page 20 Page 20 End Page 21 Suited EVA Overhead Time ALCLR = Airlock Cooling Loop Recovery Unit 1 EVA Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Airlocks and Alternative Ingress/Egress Methods Document, NASA, EVA-EXP-0031, Baseline, 04/18/2018 Page 22.
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