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U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2016

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U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2016 47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-47 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, SC U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2016 Cinda Chullen 1 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 77058 and Vladenka R. Oliva2 Jacobs Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, 77058 As our nation focuses on its goal to visit Mars by the 2030s, the NASA U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture (SKC) Program continues to serve the spacesuit community with a collection of spacesuit-related knowledge. Since its 2007 inception, the SKC Program has been collecting and archiving significant spacesuit-related knowledge and sharing it with various technical staff, along with invested and interested entities. The program has sponsored and recorded more than 80 events, and continues to build an electronic library of spacesuit knowledge. By the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2016, 60 of these events were processed and uploaded to a publically accessible NASA Web site where viewers can broaden their knowledge about the spacesuit’s evolution, known capabilities, and lessons learned. Sharing this knowledge with entities beyond NASA, such as space partners and academia, provides a tremendous opportunity to expand and retain the knowledge of space. This valuable SKC Program now serves as an optimum means of archiving NASA’s spacesuit legacy from the Apollo era to the pursuit of Mars. This paper focuses on the FY 2016 SKC events, the release and accessibility of the approved events, and the program’s future plans. Nomenclature ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission CO2 = carbon dioxide CTSD = Crew and Thermal Systems Division DAA = Document Availability Authorization DLN = Digital Learning Network EA = Engineering Directorate EM = Exploration Mission EMU = Extravehicular Mobility Unit EVA = extravehicular activity FY = Fiscal Year ISS = International Space Station JSC = Johnson Space Center K-CAP = knowledge capture [lessons] MIB = Mishap Investigation Board NASM = National Air and Space Museum NEN = NASA Engineering Network NESC = NASA Engineering and Safety Center PLSS = portable life support system SIPI = Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute 1Project Engineer, Space Suit and Crew Survival Systems Branch, Crew and Thermal Systems Division, NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058/EC5. 2Technical Editor, Science Department, 2224 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058/JE6WA. SKC = U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture SME = subject-matter expert STEM = science, technology, engineering, and math STI = Scientific and Technical Information SWME = Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator UTC = United Technologies Corporation xEMU = Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit I. Introduction s NASA builds a space vehicle designed to travel farther than any human-rated spacecraft has ever gone, it will A need a spacesuit that is not only designed for deep space, but one that is also made to withstand multiple uses. This will be particularly relevant after the Exploration Mission-2 (EM-2) crewed flight. EM-2 will be the Orion spacecraft’s first flight test with astronauts onboard to prepare for beyond Earth orbit.1 At that time, NASA plans to fly one Orion mission a year.2 As the needs of the spacesuit design change to align with those of the Agency’s mission, and with additional knowledge, the U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture (SKC) Program is an educational tool for Johnson Space Center (JSC) NASA engineers, scientists, and managers to augment their work. Considering this, the SKC Program collects historical and current spacesuit information and peripheral topics that enhance the development of spacesuits, and disseminates this knowledge through hosting lectures, courses, and interviews with subject-matter experts (SME). Figure 1 is the SKC Program’s logo, which represents NASA’s spacesuit advancement. NASA’s plans to fly one Orion mission a year aligns with the NASA Advanced Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Development’s scope to no longer focus on producing an exploration spacesuit prototype for a single flight demonstration at the International Space Station (ISS). Instead, they will continue to develop the system that they have been working on for several years into a NASA Reference Design for an Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU). This system will be capable of performing missions through cislunar space (including the lunar surface). For the next 2 years, the project will focus on approaching a Preliminary Design Review level of maturity on the xEMU design that could be used at the ISS. This supports the plan that NASA Headquarters released in 2016 to focus on the Human Exploration and Operations Exploration Objectives.3 These efforts also align with the “National Aeronautics and Space Administration Figure 1. U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Transition Authorization Act of 2017,” which President Donald Capture logo (image by Jeannie Corte). Trump signed into law on March 21, 2017. This law required that the NASA administrator submit a detailed plan within 90 days to the appropriate committees of Congress. The plan included an evaluation of the merit to deliver a suit system for use on the ISS.4 Although NASA has decided not to fly crew on EM-1, the work achieved to reach this result will be used to strengthen the EM-2 mission.5 This work could also lead to an advanced spacesuit that aligns with the crew needs for exploration enabled by the Space Launch System and Orion. Whatever deep-space destination the administration deems critical, the U.S. spacesuit will remain a priority for NASA to fulfill its mission: lead human space exploration.6 To help prepare for this mission, the SKC Program’s rich library of space-related topics, such as design, failure, troubleshooting knowledge, and lessons learned, is valuable and is being shared with spacesuit developers to design future spacesuits. Since the SKC Program’s 2007 inception, the team made archiving and sharing historic spacesuit knowledge a priority. The SKC Program was spurred in 2008, when the JSC Policy Directive encouraged JSC organizations to promote knowledge transfer, collaborative sharing, and learning required for NASA missions to succeed.7 The SKC Program focuses on the spacesuit’s valuable history, and uses related knowledge shared by spacesuit SMEs to enlighten current and future engineers, scientists, and various technical specialists. Through SKC events, SMEs recall their experience with spacesuits and other ancillary spacesuit-related topics and give recommendations. These events are archived in digital format and were initially provided to JSC engineers, scientists, and managers to augment their work. Beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2014, the SKC Program added an emphasis on processing its events to obtain approval for public release. This allows access to our new business partners, such as small businesses. 2 International Conference on Environmental Systems The SKC Program started publishing its accomplishments in 2011 and has continued to document its progress in the following papers: 1) The 2011 paper titled “U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture”8 defines spacesuit knowledge capture and identifies its importance. 2) The “U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Status and Initiatives”7 focuses on the SKC Program from inception through June FY 2012. 3) The paper titled “U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Years 2012 and 2013”9 emphasizes the program’s events from July FY 2012 through FY 2013. 4) The “U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2014”10 describes the program’s purpose and the NASA Engineering and Safety Center’s (NESC) contribution to it, identifies the publicly released events, and explains how to access them. 5) The paper titled “U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Accomplishments in Fiscal Year 2015”11 discusses the program’s FY 2015 accomplishments and describes how it expanded its audience. This paper focuses on the program’s FY 2016 events, the release and accessibility of the approved events, and the program’s future plans. II. NASA Engineering and Safety Center and its Contribution The NESC (Figure 2) was formed in July 2003 and is an enhancement to NASA’s independent safety capability.12 It is a unique, world-class technical organization structured to quickly and efficiently mitigate the toughest technical problems as they arise. It is also a knowledge powerhouse. The NESC has acquired knowledge from the hundreds of technical assessments conducted since its inception, and shares it with NASA employees and contractors. The NESC offers multiple readily accessible knowledge services and products that include technical assessments, reports, databases, and videos. One of these knowledge services, known as the NESC Academy (Figure 3), offers a Web site featuring over 700 informative video- recorded lessons on topics relevant to current NASA issues and challenges. Over 50% of these are publically accessible. In 2016, the SKC Program realized the capability of the NESC Academy, and after collaborating with them, the NESC Academy began delivering SKC events through real-time webcasts. As a result of these webcasts, combined with advertising to NESC Academy subscribers, the SKC Program event attendance has expanded considerably. Since 2015, the viewership of online SKC events has more than tripled. As of 2015, the Figure 2. NESC organization’s logo. NESC Academy has become the primary repository of information for SKC events. Before the videos are made accessible to the public, the NESC Academy processes them. This process includes reviewing, editing,
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