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Eva-Exp-0031 Baseline EVA-EXP-0031 BASELINE National Aeronautics and EFFECTIVE DATE: 04/18/2018 Space Administration EVA OFFICE EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA) AIRLOCKS AND ALTERNATIVE INGRESS/EGRESS METHODS DOCUMENT The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 2 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document REVISION AND HISTORY PAGE Revision Change Description Release No. No. Date EVA-EXP-0031 Baseline Baseline per CR# EVA-CR-00031 04/18/2018 Document dated 03/07/2018 submitted and approved through DAA process/DAA # TN54054 approved April 9, 2018 EVA-REF-001 DAA Pre Baseline 03/12/2015 33134 Draft EVA-RD-002 05/14/2015 SAA 12/15/2015 DRAFT The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 3 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document Executive Summary This document captures the currently perceived vehicle and EVA trades with high level definition of the capabilities and interfaces associated with performing an Extravehicular Activity (EVA) using an exploration EVA system and ingress/egress methods during future missions. Human spaceflight missions to Cislunar space, Mars transit, the moons of Mars (Phobos and Deimos), the Lunar surface, and the surface of Mars will include both microgravity and partial-gravity EVAs, and potential vehicles with which an exploration EVA system will need to interface. In order to build an airlock compatible with the EVA suit, the interfaces must be understood. This document captures the current EVA assumptions and the trades and details needed from the vehicle-side to provide further detail to these EVA interfaces and operational concepts. The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 5 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 10 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................... 11 1.2 CHANGE AUTHORITY/RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................... 12 2.0 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 13 3.0 STATE OF THE ART AND KNOWN CHALLENGES ........................................ 15 3.1 SUIT ARCHITECTURE ...................................................................................... 18 3.2 UNASSISTED DON/DOFF ................................................................................ 18 3.3 RECHARGE OF ALL SUIT CONSUMABLES ................................................... 19 3.4 VOLUME FOR IN-FLIGHT SUIT MAINTENANCE AND SPARES ................... 20 3.5 VOLUME FOR DONNING/DOFFING AND PREBREATHE ............................. 20 3.6 MINIMAL CONSUMABLES USAGE WITH VEHICLE INGRESS/EGRESS CYCLES ............................................................................................................................ 21 3.7 INCREASED CREW AUTONOMY FOR AIRLOCK OPERATIONS ................. 21 3.8 INCREASED QUANTITY AND ACCESS OF EVAs (HARDWARE CYCLE LIFE AND OPERATIONS)......................................................................................................... 21 3.9 ALTERNATIVE ATMOSPHERES FOR REDUCED PREBREATHE TIME ...... 22 3.10 DUST MITIGATION AND PLANETARY PROTECTION ................................... 22 4.0 CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS ............................................................................ 23 4.1 SUITPORT CONCEPT....................................................................................... 24 4.2 REAR-ENTRY AIRLOCKS................................................................................. 28 4.3 SUITPORT-AIRLOCK ........................................................................................ 31 5.0 PAST TRADE STUDIES.................................................................................... 34 5.1 DRATS................................................................................................................ 35 5.2 AIRLOCK SUITLOCK SUIT PORT ASSESSMENT TEAM (ASPAT) ............... 38 5.3 SUITPORT TESTING......................................................................................... 39 5.4 RAPID EVE METHODS PHASE 1: NEAR TERM DRM QUICK STUDY.......... 40 5.5 CONSTELLATION SPACE SUIT SYSTEM (CSSS) SUITPORT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................ 43 5.6 EXPLORATION ATMOSPHERES ..................................................................... 44 5.7 VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL HABITATS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING ....... 47 5.8 SMALL HABITAT COMMONALITY ................................................................... 48 5.9 EXAMPLE INGRESS/EGRESS METHODS...................................................... 51 The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 6 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document 5.10 DEEP SPACE GATEWAY AND TRANSPORT ................................................. 52 6.0 EVA ASSUMPTIONS FOR FUTURE VEHICLES ............................................. 53 6.1 EVA CONTINGENCY SECONDARY INGRESS HATCH AND DUAL CHAMBER AIRLOCKS ..................................................................................................... 54 6.2 EVA INTERFACES ............................................................................................ 56 6.2.1 EVA Interface Details .......................................................................... 57 6.2.2 EVA Volumes ...................................................................................... 60 6.3 EVA NEEDS FOR TRANSLATION PATHS (µg) ............................................... 61 7.0 FUTURE TRADES FOR VEHICLES ................................................................. 63 7.1 OVERALL MISSION........................................................................................... 63 7.1.1 Overall Mission Asset Trades ............................................................. 63 7.2 HABITAT AND INGRESS/EGRESS METHOD TRADES ................................. 65 7.2.1 Ingress/Egress Method: Integral to vehicle or separate module?...... 65 7.2.1.1 Ingress/Egress Method as a Separate Add-on Module ..................... 68 7.2.1.2 Ingress/Egress Method Integrated with the Host Vehicle .................. 69 7.2.2 Logistics Module Conversion to Airlock.............................................. 70 7.2.3 Host Vehicle Atmosphere ................................................................... 71 7.2.4 Inflatable Portions of the Ingress/Egress Method .............................. 75 7.2.4.1 Inflatable Structures History................................................................ 75 7.2.4.2 Current Inflatable State of the Art ....................................................... 75 7.2.4.3 Inflatable Development Work to Date ................................................. 76 7.2.4.4 Alternate Inflatable Concepts.............................................................. 77 7.2.5 Diameter of Module............................................................................. 81 7.2.6 Hatches ............................................................................................... 83 7.2.6.1 Inward-opening vs. Outward-opening Hatches .................................. 83 7.2.6.2 Hatch Size in Microgravity .................................................................. 84 7.2.6.3 Hatch Size for Surface Operations ..................................................... 87 7.2.6.4 Secondary Hatch Requirement .......................................................... 87 7.2.6.5 Hatch within a Hatch ........................................................................... 88 7.2.7 Dust Mitigation/Planetary Protection Differences between Ingress/Egress Concepts................................................................................... 89 7.2.8 Volume Studies and Suit Maintenance .............................................. 92 7.2.8.1 Don/Doff Volume estimate .................................................................. 94 7.2.8.2 Suit Maintenance ................................................................................ 95 7.2.9 Incapacitated Crewmember ................................................................ 97 The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 7 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document 7.2.10 Add-on to ISS and Integration ............................................................ 98 7.3 SUIT vs. VEHICLE SUITPORT OPERATIONS................................................. 98 7.3.1 Pressurization, Suit Access Hatch Open-Close, PLSS Rotation-
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