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Carthage and Rome; and the Regulations About Them Are Precise Conditions and Terms of Use PREFACE Copyright © Heritage History 2010 It is difficult to tell the story of Carthage, Some rights reserved because one has to tell it without sympathy, and from the This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an standpoint of her enemies. It is a great advantage, on the organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history other hand, that the materials are of a manageable books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. amount, and that a fairly complete narrative may be The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public given within a moderate compass. domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty I have made it a rule to go to the original to the author. authorities. At the same time I have to express my The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, obligations to several modern works, to the geographical however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain treatises of Heeren, the histories of Grote, Arnold and restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the Mommsen, Mr. Bosworth Smith's admirable Carthage integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure and the Carthaginians, and the learned and exhaustive that compromised versions of the work are not widely disseminated. History of Art in Phoenicia and its Dependencies, by In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a Messieurs Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez, as copyright by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are translated and edited by Mr. Walter Armstrong. To this included at the foot of every page of text. We require all electronic and last I am indebted for most of the illustrations of this printed versions of this text include these markings and that users adhere to the following restrictions. book. I have had much help also from Mr. W. W. 1. You may reproduce this text for personal or educational purposes as Capes' edition of Livy xxi., xxii. long as the copyright and Heritage History version are included. I have not thought it necessary to discuss the 2. You may not alter this text or try to pass off all or any part of it as your critical questions which have been raised about the own work. Duilian column. The inscription, as it at present exists, 3. You may not distribute copies of this text for commercial purposes. may be supposed to bear a general, though not a faithful, resemblance to the original. 4. This text is intended to be a faithful and complete copy of the original A. C. document. However, typos, omissions, and other errors may have occurred during preparation, and Heritage History does not guarantee a HADLEY GREEN, May 27, 1886 perfectly reliable reproduction. Permission to use Heritage History documents or images for commercial purposes, or more information about our collection of traditional history resources can be obtained by contacting us at [email protected] Original Copyright 1886 by Alfred J. Church. 2 Distributed by Heritage History 2010 THE LAST STRUGGLE WITH ROME .......................... 89 TABLE OF CONTENTS HANNIBAL IN EXILE ................................................. 93 THE BEGINNING OF THE END ................................... 95 THE SIEGE AND FALL OF CARTHAGE ...................... 98 THE LEGEND OF DIDO ............................................... 4 AUTHORITIES ......................................................... 105 THE GROWTH OF CARTHAGE.................................... 6 HAMILCAR AND HANNIBAL ..................................... 10 CARTHAGE AND DIONYSIUS (406-405) .................... 14 CARTHAGE AND DIONYSIUS (397) ........................... 18 THE LAST STRUGGLE WITH DIONYSIUS .................. 24 CARTHAGE AND TIMOLEON .................................... 26 CARTHAGE AND AGATHOCLES ................................ 28 CARTHAGINIAN DISCOVERIES ................................. 33 CONSTITUTION AND RELIGION OF CARTHAGE ....... 36 THE REVENUE AND TRADE OF CARTHAGE ............. 40 THE WAR IN SICILY AND ON THE SEA ..................... 45 THE INVASION OF AFRICA ....................................... 49 IN SICILY AGAIN ...................................................... 54 ARTHAGE AND ER ERCENARIES C H M ...................... 58 CARTHAGE AND SPAIN ............................................. 62 HANNIBAL CROSSING THE ALPS. FROM THE EBRO TO ITALY...................................... 65 THE FIRST CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.............................. 68 TRASUMENNUS ......................................................... 71 FABIUS AND HIS TACTICS ........................................ 73 CANNAE .................................................................... 75 AFTER CANNAE ........................................................ 77 THE TURN OF THE TIDE ........................................... 80 THE LAST CHANCE OF VICTORY ............................ 86 Original Copyright 1886 by Alfred J. Church. 3 Distributed by Heritage History 2010 CHAPTER I forever in the city which she should found. From Cyprus also she carried off a company of maidens, that they might be wives for her people. Now when Pygmalion knew that his THE LEGEND OF DIDO sister had fled he was very wroth, and would have pursued after her and slain her. Nevertheless, being overcome by the "Malgernus, King of Tyre, died, leaving behind him a entreaties of his mother, and yet more by fear of vengeance son, Pygmalion, and a daughter, Elissa or Dido, a maiden of from the gods, he let her go, for the prophets prophesied, 'It singular beauty. Pygmalion, though he was yet but a boy, the will go ill with thee, if thou hinder the founding of that which Tyrians made their king. Elissa married Acerbas, whom some shall be the most fortunate city in the whole world.' also call Sichaus, her mother's brother, and priest of Hercules. Among the Tyrians the priest of Hercules was counted next in "After these things Queen Elissa came to Africa, and honour to the king. Acerbas had great wealth, which he was at finding that the people of those parts were well affected to much pains to hide, so that, fearing the king, he put it away, strangers, and had a special liking for buying and selling, she not in his dwelling, but in the earth. Nevertheless the thing made a covenant with them, buying a piece of land, so much became commonly known. Thereupon King Pygmalion, being as could be covered with the hide of an ox, that she might filled with covetousness, and heeding not the laws of man, and thereon refresh her companions, who were now greatly having no respect to natural affection, slew Acerbas, though he wearied with their voyage. This hide she cut into small strips was brother to his mother and husband to his sister. Elissa for that she might thus enclose a larger piece. And afterwards the many days turned away her face from her brother, but at last, place was called Byrsa, which is, being interpreted, the Hide. putting on a cheerful countenance, feigned to be reconciled to "To this place came many of the people of the land, him. And this she did, not because she hated him the less, but bringing merchandize for sale; and in no great space of time because she thought to fly from the country, in which counsel there grew up a notable town. The people of Utica also, which she had for abettors many nobles of the city, who also were city had been before founded by the men of Tyre, sent greatly displeased at the king. With this purpose she spake to ambassadors, claiming kindred with these new comers, and Pygmalion, saying, 'I have had enough of sorrow. Let me bidding them fix their abode in the same place where they come and dwell in thy house, that I be no more reminded of themselves dwelt. But the barbarous people were not willing my troubles.' This the king heard with great joy, thinking that that they should depart from among them. Therefore, by with his sister there would also come into his hands all the common consent of all, there was built a fair city, to which the treasures of Acerbas. But when he sent his servants to bring builders gave the name of Carthage; and it was agreed his sister's possessions to his palace she won them over to between Elissa and the people of the land that she should pay herself, so that they became partakers of her flight. Having for the ground on which the said city was founded a certain thus put all her riches upon shipboard, and taking with her also tribute by the year. In the first place where they were minded such of the citizens as favoured her, she set sail, first duly to lay the foundations of the city there was found the head of performing sacrifice to Hercules. And first she voyaged to an ox. Of this the soothsayers gave this interpretation, saying, Cyprus, where the priest of Jupiter, being warned of the gods, 'This signifieth a fruitful land, but one that is full of labour, offered himself as a sharer of her enterprise on this condition, and a city that shall ever be a servant to others.' Therefore the that he and his posterity should hold the high priesthood city was moved to another place, where, when they began to Original Copyright 1886 by Alfred J. Church. 4 Distributed by Heritage History 2010 dig foundations again, there was found the head of a horse. bid me go to my husband. See then, for I go.' Thereupon she Thereupon the prophets prophesied again: 'This shall
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