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International VOLUMES XIX & XX // NUMBER 1 // SPRING 2017 Affairs Security Cooperation | Political Military Affairs | Intelligence the foreign area officer association journal of INTERNATIONAL VOLUMES XIX & XX // NUMBER 1 // SPRING 2017 AFFAIRS WWW.FAOA.ORG SPECIAL DOUBLE ISSUE A PIVOT OF WILL DO 22 | TOWARD A ‘NORMAL’ JAPAN MIL-TO-MIL 5 | THE CASE AGAINST ARMING EXCHANGES VIETNAM AND THE PHILIPPINES 12 | OPERATIONALIZING WITH CHINA PROACTIVE US-JAPAN CONTRIBUTIONS DESTABILIZE TO PEACE THE REGION? 18 | U.S. RESPONSE TO CHINESE CLAIMS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA 34 | HOW TO GROW ASIA-PACIFIC LANGUAGE DOES AND CULTURAL EXPERTISE 43 | THE KOREAN PENINSULA CHINA HAVE FROM A PLA PERSPECTIVE AN AFRICA 74 | LOOKING TO PRE-WORLD WAR II JAPAN TO ASSESS PROBLEM? U.S. POLICY WITH CHINA IN PRAISE OF TAIWAN’S ALL- VOLUNTEER FORCE SUBSCRIPTIONS & MEMBERSHIPS ISSN 1551-8094 The Foreign Area Officer Association (FAOA) Journal of International Affairs is the publication for Regional and International Affairs profes- sionals of the FAO Association, a 501c(19) non-profit Veterans’ JOURNAL STAFF organization. Want to subscribe to the journal? Become a member of Graham Plaster, LCDR USNR, FAOA at www.faoa.org Editor-in-Chief SUBMISSIONS John B. Haseman, COL US Army- Please join us and become a part of this important conversation at a Retired critical inflection point in our history. Whether new to the community Chairman, Editorial Board or a seasoned FAO, we invite you to write for the journal. Email your Craig Byrnes article, news from the field, professional paper, or opinion piece to John Webmaster Haseman at [email protected] to begin the peer review process. Your submission will be reviewed by the Editorial Board. The Journal typically Maridee Hargus, has a backlog of terrific content and the process of peer review can take Administrative Assistance some time. If you are interested in serving on the editorial board, please email [email protected] to let us know. FAOA BOARD OF GOVERNORS EDITORIAL BOARD PRESIDENT Todd A. Cyril, Colonel, US Army Kurt Marisa, Col, USAF (ret.) Joseph Bincarousky, Maj, USAF VICE PRESIDENT Mark Brice Chakwin, COL, USA (ret.) Robert Timm, COL, USA Mike Ferguson, COL, USA (ret.) David Mack, LtCol, USAF (ret.) SECRETARY Jason Nicholson, LTC, USA John Krause, Maj, USMC (ret.) Dan Singleton, MAJ, USA TREASURER Phil Yu, CAPT, USN Jeff S. Hoffmann, USAFR (ret.) Vincent Alcazar, COL USAF retired Vincent Duenas, MAJ, US Army MONTEREY Rep Robert Friedenberg, COL US Army retired Mark Chakwin, COL, USA (ret.) Paul Gendrolis, LTC, USA (Retired) EDITOR IN CHIEF Graham Plaster, LCDR, USNR THE FAOA JOURNAL AIMS TO BE • A professional stepping stone to help you in your career as a warrior- CONTENT EDITOR scholar John Haseman, COL, USA (ret.) • A community of voices representing the diversity of regions, Ivan Raiklin, MAJ, USA specialties, and experiences in our network • An advocacy platform to inform the defense community about the Robert Fagan, COL, USA (ret.) value of the FAO profession • A resource to help those who aspire to become FAOs understand the work and make an informed decision when applying COVER IMAGE • A bridge for FAO community partners, in the public and private President Xi Jinping at press sectors, to stay connected and abreast of industry thought leadership conference. The views expressed are those of the authors, not of the FAOA, the Department of Defense, or the Armed services or any DoD agency, and are intended to advance the FAO and defense international affairs profession through academic dialog. 2 The FAOA Journal of International Affairs www.faoa.org 3 the foreign area officer association journal of INTERNATIONAL Political Military Affairs | Intelligence | Security Cooperation Volume XIX & XX, Number 1 — Spring 2017 WWW.FAOA.ORG AFFAIRS I N T H I S E D I T I O N 5 | To Arm or not to Arm: The Case Against Arming Vietnam 40 | Against the Tide Explaining Slow Globalization in the and the Philippines by Colonel (selectee) David W. Dengler, U.S. Middle East/North Africa Region by Major Chris Townsend, Air Force U.S. Army 12 | Operationalizing Proactive US-Japan Contributions to 43 | The Korean Peninsula from a PLA Perspective by Captain Peace by Captain Brent Sadler, U.S. Navy (P) Jason Lam, U.S. Army 16 | Does China Have a Looming Africa Problem? by Porter 50 | Towards Understanding Post-Colonialism, Strategic Morgan and Jason Nicholson Culture, and Sub-Saharan Africa by Major Michael J. Oginsky, U.S. Marine Corps 18 | U.S. Response to Chinese Claims in the South China Sea by Major Ryan L. Stallsworth, U.S. Air Force; Lieutenant Com- 60 | Through the Eyes of Putin by Major Walter “Rick” F. mander Jeremy Doughty, U.S. Navy; Landgraf III, U.S. Army Major Geoff Miller, U.S. Army 64 | FINDING A NATIONAL APPROACH TO COMBAT 22 | Toward a ‘Normal’ Japan by Major William C. Atkins, U.S. THE TERROR/CRIME NEXUS by Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Air Force M. Zeman, U.S. Marine Corps 28 | The Unbalance to Asia How Continued Military-to-Military 67 | AFRICAN STANDBY FORCE LOGISTICS by Captain Engagement Empowers Chinese Behavior by Lieutenant Randall W. Peck, U.S. Navy; Colonel Edward D. Maddox, U.S. Colonel Michael Brown, U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel Army; Lieutenant Colonel Michael S. Mismash, U.S. Army Troy Cerny, U.S. Air Force, Major John Toohey, U.S. Army, and Major Jamon Junius, U.S. Army 74 | Road to War? Looking to Pre-World War II Japan to Assess U.S. Policy with China by Lieutenant Colonel Callistus Elbourne, 31 | Taiwan’s All-Volunteer Force Recruitment, Retention, and U.S. Air Force; Major Matthew Jamison, U.S. Army, and Lieuten- Identity by Captain Jason P. Lam, U.S. Army ant Colonel Timothy Miller, U.S. Marine Corps 34 | How to Grow Asia-Pacific Language and Cultural Exper- 79 | Turkey & Egypt: The Military’s Role & Moderation of tise by Major Ravi Balaram, U.S. Army; Major Shane Hughes, Political Islam by Major Andrew Zapf, U.S. Army U.S. Air Force; and Major Ron Garberson, U.S. Army NEWS FROM THE FIELD BOOK REVIEWS 25 | Security Cooperation on the Periphery: Finding a 48 | Jihad and the West: Black Flag Over Babylon; Author: Common Language by Major Timothy Speace, U.S. Army Dr. Mark Silinsky; Reviewed by Colonel Vincent Alcazar, U.S. Air Force, retired; 56 | Coup Attempt in Turkey, A FAO Reports by Major Jeff Jager, U.S. Army 72 | Flash Points: The Emerging Crisis in Europe; Author: George Friedman; Reviewed by Commander Frank Okata, 84 | 2016 FAOA Academic Research and Writing Awards U.S. Navy Program 73 | Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, 88 | Notes from the FAO Foundry by Mark B. Chakwin, Internationalism, and Bushido in Modern Japan, Author: Colonel U.S. Army (retired) Oleg Benesch; Reviewed by Lieutenant Colonel Jason “Brad” Nicholson, U.S. Army 2 The FAOA Journal of International Affairs www.faoa.org 3 LETTER from the EDITOR ellow Foreign Affairs Professionals F at Home and Abroad, U.S. missile strikes in Syria and the It is therefore timely that we have amassed a larger dropping of the Mother of all Bombs than usual volume of papers and essays focused on these in eastern Afghanistan, have established regions. This is a double issue that serves as both the a new precedent in American foreign Winter 2016 and Spring 2017 editions for the FAOA policy. Perhaps it should not come as a Journal. Normally the journal runs between 45 and 60 surprise during this season of shifting pages. This one weighs in at 92, and with a few excep- political tides, but these military actions tions, much of the focus is on Asia. have resulted in a drastic pivot of the While many of the papers were written over the past public interest away from the Middle two years, taken together at this point in time they provide East and towards North Korea. excellent context for current events. We hope you will Putting more money behind U.S. find them thought provoking and helpful. Feel free to pivot to Asia intentions of the last several Graham Plaster leave comments in our LinkedIn discussion thread or Editor in Chief, years, National Security Adviser Gen. FAO Association submit letters to response to [email protected] . H.R. McMaster has assured that the U.S. Journal While there are many political appointments currently will pay for the $1 billion THAAD missile still vacant, we hope that FAOs will be able to fill some of defense system in South Korea. The Follow on Twitter the roles that carry the weight of addressing these critical @FAOAssociation system is now operational in the country questions. (As you hear of FAOs or FAOA members despite Chinese attempts to hack the being selected to relevant positions, please let us know at system and demand its removal.1 [email protected]) The questions that now gain more media attention The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for are, what would Kim Jong-un do with a long range nuclear South and Southeast Asia position will be filled by Retired capability? What will the U.S., South Korea, and China Colonel and FAO Joe Felter, who now works at Stanford’s do in anticipation of that risk? How will all of this affect Hoover Institute. Felter led the International Security China’s imperialism in the South China Sea? At this and Assistance Force, Counterinsurgency Advisory and point in time China has reclaimed 3000 acres, deployed Assistance Team, in Afghanistan, reporting directly to advanced fighter aircraft and surface to air missiles, and Generals Stanley McChrystal and and David Petraeus and installed a new RADAR system on Cuarteron Reef, advising them on counterinsurgency strategy.3 changing the operational landscape of the South China I want to thank the Editorial Board and Chairman Sea (p.
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