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De Sade's Theatrical Passions
06.puchner 4/19/05 2:28 PM Page 111 Martin Puchner Sade’s Theatrical Passions The Theater of the Revolution The Marquis de Sade entered theater history in 1964 when the Royal Shakespeare Company, under the direction of Peter Brook, presented a play by the unknown author Peter Weiss entitled, The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton Under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade.1 Marat/Sade, as the play is usually called, became an extraordinary success story.2 By com- bining narrators with techniques developed in a multi-year workshop entitled “Theater of Cruelty,” Marat/Sade managed to link the two modernist visionaries of the theater whom everybody had considered to be irreconcilable opposites: Bertolt Brecht and Antonin Artaud. Marat/Sade not only fabricated a new revolutionary theater from the vestiges of modernism, it also coincided with a philosophical and cul- tural revision of the French revolution that had begun with Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer’s The Dialectics of Enlightenment (1944/69) and found a preliminary culmination in Michel Foucault’s History of Madness (1972). At the same time, the revival of Sade was fu- eled by the first complete publication of his work in French (1967) and by Roland Barthes’ landmark study, Sade Fourier Loyola (1971).3 Marat/Sade had thus hit a theatrical and intellectual nerve. Sade, however, belongs to theater history as more than just a char- acter in a play.Little is known about the historical Sade’s life-long pas- sion for the theater, about his work as a theater builder and manager, an actor and director. -
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A Monster for Our Times: Reading Sade across the Centuries Matthew Bridge Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Matthew Bridge All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT A Monster for Our Times: Reading Sade across the Centuries Matthew Bridge This doctoral dissertation looks at several readings and interpretations of the works of the Marquis de Sade, from the eighteenth century to the present. Ever since he was imprisoned under the Old Regime following highly publicized instances of physical and sexual abuse, Sade has remained a controversial figure who has been both condemned as a dangerous criminal and celebrated as an icon for artistic freedom. The most enduring aspect of his legacy has been a vast collection of obscene publications, characterized by detailed descriptions of sexual torture and murder, along with philosophical diatribes that offer theoretical justifications for the atrocities. Not surprisingly, Sade’s works have been subject to censorship almost from the beginning, leading to the author’s imprisonment under Napoleon and to the eventual trials of his mid-twentieth-century publishers in France and Japan. The following pages examine the reception of Sade’s works in relation to the legal concept of obscenity, which provides a consistent framework for textual interpretation from the 1790s to the present. I begin with a prelude discussing the 1956 trial of Jean-Jacques Pauvert, in order to situate the remainder of the dissertation within the context of how readers approached a body of work as quintessentially obscene as that of Sade. -
French Romanticism and the Reinvention of Love by Maxime A
French Romanticism and the Reinvention of Love By Maxime A. Foerster A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Romance Languages and Literatures: French) In the University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Michèle A. Hannoosh, Chair Professor Cristina Moreiras-Menor Associate Professor Jarrod L. Hayes Associate Professor Nadine M. Hubbs Lecturer Esther Newton © Maxime A. Foerster 2012 Dedication Au charchour ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to David Halperin, David Caron and Frieda Ekotto for having encouraged me to start my PhD at UM, Ann Arbor. I have been honored and stimulated to work with Michèle Hannoosh who taught me coherence and rigor throughout these years of thinking and writing. I feel privileged to have been able to write my dissertation with those I called my dream team, composed of Professors Michèle Hannoosh, Jarrod Hayes, Cristina Moreiras, Esther Newton and Nadine Hubbs. For their friendship, support and fabulousness, I would like to thank Aaron Boalick, Jennifer Bonnet, Virginie Brinker, Neil Doshi, Matthieu Dupas, Gilles Freissinier, Aston Gonzales, Melanie Hawthorne, Trevor Hoppe, Lauren Kennedy, Gérard Koskovich, Charline Lafage, Larry La Fountain, Nicolas Lamorte, Bertrand Metton, Pedro Monaville, Marie-Pierre Pruvot, Pantxika Passicot, Steve Puig, Marie Stoll, Marcelino Viera, and Yannick Viers. I will never thank my parents enough for their love and understanding. Above all, thank you, H.N. iii Table of Contents -
Enlightenment Notes
The Enlightenment Definition: The European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, science, and individualism (rather than tradition and revelation) as the primary sources of truth and as the catalyst to human flourishing. This epoch is also known in intellectual history as the “Modern Era” or the “Age of Reason.” Why is it called the Enlightenment? Humanity was progressing away from the authority, tradition, and religious superstition (i.e. Christianity) of the “Dark Ages” and into the light of an age of unbridled human progress. What lead to the Enlightenment? -The Renaissance in the 14th -17th centuries lead to the rise of the liberal arts called “humanism.” It was a “rebirth” (what the French word, “renaissance” means) of classical learning. The Renaissance focused on studying the classics of ancient Greece and Rome, going back to the original sources of classical learning (“ad fontes”), and proliferation of the arts. -The Reformation had weakened the stranglehold of the Roman Catholic Church on society. But the radical strictness of Protestant orthodoxy was seen as too legalistic and depressing. People wanted to move away from the Catholic Church but not toward the confines of Protestant morality. -Europeans were tired of all the wars and fighting between Protestants and Catholics. From their perspective, Christianity had led to nothing but authoritarian warfare. -New innovations in science and philosophy. Worldview in the Pre-Modern, Modern, and Post-Modern era Pre-Modern Era Modern Era Post-Modern Era (Enlightenment) Truth Objective: Revealed Objective: Reasoned Not objective: Only by God to or discovered in an attempt to gain science power Approach Supernatural Rational Nonrational Authority Church/Tradition Reason None Humanity Corporate Individual Undefinable Highest Subject of Theology Science Sociology and Study Politics: Power Structures Highest Value God Humanity Self Select major players and how they contributed to the worldview of the modern era. -
Justine: a Sadian Transformation of the French Literary Fairy Tale Ivy J
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Justine: A Sadian Transformation of the French Literary Fairy Tale Ivy J. Dyckman Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES JUSTINE: A SADIAN TRANSFORMATION OF THE FRENCH LITERARY FAIRY TALE By IVY J. DYCKMAN A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 Copyright © 2007 Ivy J. Dyckman All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Ivy J. Dyckman defended on March 1, 2007. __________________________________ William Cloonan Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Stanley E. Gontarski Outside Committee Member __________________________________ Aimée M.C. Boutin Committee Member __________________________________ Deborah J. Hasson Committee Member __________________________________ Lori J. Walters Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________________________________ William Cloonan, Chair, Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics _____________________________________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To Martin, The Greatest Dictionary of All iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Florida State University's Winthrop-King Institute for Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, which made possible a six-week summer session of research in Paris, the Congress of Graduate Students for a grant in support of that research, and the French Division of the Florida State University Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics for the opportunity to serve as a lectrice at the Sorbonne during the academic year 2002-2003. -
The Idea of ''A Turning Point'' and the Specific Features of the Time
THE IDEA OF ''A TURNING POINT'' AND THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE TIME Laurence VANOFLEN, Lecturer in Literature and Philosophy, Paris Nanterre University Part 1 – Continuity and new openings To finish off this course, let's dwell on the final decades of the 18th century. For a long time, it was seen as a waiting time between the Enlightenment struggles and the advent of romanticism. It was a time of change towards creative and, for a long while, misunderstood activity. Under the devaluing label ''pre- romanticism'', Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Bernardin de Saint-Pierre would announce the arrival of a weaker version of a romanticism to come. For the last thirty years, we've preferred to talk of a turning point in the Enlightenment. This image underlines both the continuity and the deep splits taking place. They did not boil down to revolutionary upheavals, even if they were often accelerated or brought to light by the sudden collapse of the Ancient Regime. All the philosophers were dead by 1789, Voltaire and Rousseau in 1778, Diderot in 1784, but the publication of their work continued and remained a reference for revolutionaries. Their successors carried on their work right up to the Empire by way of new intellectual institutions, the Institute being one of them. Condillac's sensualism, or atheism among the more radical, is taken on by ideologists who, after Condorcet, took charge of the practical application of scientific methods in society. As such, they gathered anthropological and medical knowledge. They studied mental patients, the deaf, the mute, even uncivilised children so as to better understand brain function. -
LECTURE NOTES: Dr
English 232 (Spring 2006) LECTURE NOTES: Dr. Katherine Harris Pre-History of Romantic-Era Writers ! Politics of 18th C. " lose America (1776) " fascinated w/French democracy - devastated with overthrow of European/French democracy # Fall of Bastille (July 14, 1789); freed only 7 prisoners # sparked many debates regarding “revolution” * Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man * Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry * Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Men - Napolean ruled until 1814 (dictator; anti-British) " attempt to abolish slave trade in Britain (very successful) - women head the movement " early feminist movement (Wollstonecraft, Baillie, Barbauld, Hays) - gives voice to women in a time when they had no power (political or economic) " shifting class system & economic theories because of Industrial Revolution & colonial expansion - naval force not to be paralleled until end of 19th C. - colonies include: India, W. Indies, Africa & N.America - rise of the middle class & urban centers ! Sciences of 18th & 19th C: " Chemistry: 1789, Lavosier pub. Elements of Chemistry (French) " Geology: Lyell, Principles of Geology (1830-33) - forces of geological change = permanent but gradual " Psychology: threat to mind, free will & soul - Locke = 17th & 18th C, mind governed by psychological laws equal to physical (Natural) laws " Organicism: Schlegel - change is inevitable; nature in constant state of becoming; power of mind needed to understand a world ! Literature of 18th C. " Dr. Samuel Johnson (d.1784) - began the modern dictionary (1755) " Swift & Pope both die 1745 (wrote satire, a ridiculing and publicly disruptive style) - they pushed a tradition of satirical writing which authors rejected in the 1790s " Publishing - copyright laws began to protect author’s works (1774) & pay them - periodicals came up every where and were cheap (easier to read than poetry/novels & shorter) - rise of consciously “British” Literature (“nationalism”) - writing sold directly to booksellers instead of patronage system " Marquis de Sade plays in 1780s ! Rise of the Novel in the 18th C. -
Edmund Burke and International Relations
EDMUND BURKE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Edmund Burke and International Relations The Commonwealth of Europe and the Crusade against the French Revolution Jennifer M. Welsh Cadieux Fellow, Policy Planning Staff Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Canada M in association with St. Martin's Press ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD © Jennifer M. Welsh 1995 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published in Great Britain 1995 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world This book is published in the St Antony'slMacmillcm Scries General Editor: Alex Pravda A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-333-61214-0 10 9876 5 4321 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 Printed in Great Britain by Ipswich Book Co Ltd, Ipswich, Suffolk First published in the United States of America 1995 by Scholarly and Reference Division, ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 0-312-12202-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Welsh, Jennifer M. -
Materialism, Instrumental Reason, and Hostile Enlightenment
Materialism, Instrumental Reason, and Hostile Enlightenment The Marquis de Sade as the Antithesis of the Enlightenment Mykyta Storozhenko Florida Atlantic University Introduction The aim of this paper is to tie together the Enlightenment ideas regarding Materialism and Instrumental Reason with Pierre Saint-Amand’s thought in his “Hostile Enlightenment” article. The paper will be a quadripartite, and will include the following: (1) a description of Julien Offray de la Mettrie’s materialist philosophy and his rejection of Cartesian reason, as well as a discussion of his ideas’ relevance and influence; (2) a description of the Marquis de Sade’s philosophy, particularly his materialism; (3) a reading of Pierre Saint-Amand’s “Hostile Enlightenment” with a particular focus on his thoughts regarding Sade; (4) a conclusion, in which I will argue that Sade is a direct representation of the Enlightenment giving birth to its own antithesis. Section 1.1 Julien Offray de la Mettrie’s Materialism and Rejection of Cartesian Reason In his “Man a Machine,” Julien Offray de la Mettrie offers up a materialistic and mechanistic account of man so radical that it “shocked even some of the most irreligious of his fellow philosophes.”1 But what is it about his mechanistic and materialistic account that is so radical, shocking, and repulsive to his fellow philosophes? To understand just how far- out his philosophy was, I am going to offer an interpretation of his “Man a Machine.” I will first address his metaphysical materialism, and then his empiricist method -
LIT 6934 0679 16673 Maioli
1 Section 0679 | Number 16673 Instructor: Roger Maioli ([email protected]) Zoom meeting times: Wednesdays, periods 9–11 (4:05 PM–7:05 PM, Eastern time) Office hours: by appointment Course description In 1789, when Britain was still dealing with the repercussions of the American Revolution, a different upheaval erupted closer to home. In its egalitarian principles and troubled development, the French Revolution evoked both excitement and revulsion among British observers. For some, like Mary Wollstonecraft and Tom Paine, the revolution in France provided an opportunity for finally bringing the rights of men and women to the forefront of British political debate. For others, like Edmund Burke and Hannah More, the Revolution was a threat to the moral and religious fabric of British society. In waging war on one another, each side in this debate developed a different narrative of the events taking place in France, portraying the revolution either as the triumph of progressive values against centuries of oppression, or as the catastrophic end of institutions that had slowly evolved through the wisdom of the ages. The issues at stake in narrating the French Revolution were many: Is there such a thing as universal human rights that cut across class boundaries? Should women share space with men in the public sphere? Should the ideal of freedom be extended to the victims of slavery? What is the role of religion in modern secular societies? Is violence justifiable in the name of a greater good? These questions lie at the center not only of the political pamphlets of the age but also of its imaginative literature. -
Chapter 4 Sade and the French Revolution
Chapter 4 Sade and the French Revolution Monarchist or republican? ‘What am I?’ Sade wrote in 1791 to his lawyer, Gaufridy, ‘aristocrat or democrat? Please tell me . because I know nothing any more.’ This seemingly heartfelt plea suggests a genuine sense of confusion on the part of the now former marquis and citizen of the new French republic, although it has to be said that he was writing to a man whom he knew to be a monarchist. Whichever response to Sade’s own question the reader may favour, there are plenty of arguments to be marshalled in support. Many have accused Sade of unabashed political opportunism in the Revolution. After all, throughout his life, Sade was capable of behaving like any other feudal lord of the manor, pulling rank when it suited him. Moreover, Sade’s tendencies towards self-dramatization are never too far below the surface, and the theatre of revolution certainly provided him with ample opportunities to role-play. Indeed, days before the Bastille was stormed, Sade is said to have harangued the street crowds from his cell, urging them to rise up and revolt – perhaps the most theatrical of all episodes in his very theatrical life. Sade consciously dramatized this event, turning it into a founding moment of the French Revolution for the sake of the Revolutionary Tribunal, casting himself in the lead role of ‘liberator’ of the Bastille. Later, Copyright © 2005. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted Copyright © under U.S. -
1 HIST 419: the French Enlightenment Instructor: Stan M
HIST 419: The French Enlightenment Instructor: Stan M. Landry Fall Semester 2009 Final Exam Study Guide An identification is a brief but detailed description of a term that provides relevant factual information about the term and explains the term’s significance for history. Think of IDs as encyclopedia articles in miniature. Identifications typically answer 5 to 7 basic questions: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? And most notably: What is the historical significance of this term; i.e., why is it important? Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746) David Hume (1711–1776) Adam Smith (1723–1790) “Impartial Spectator” Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) “Hedonistic Calculus” Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Categorical Imperative Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) Enlightened Despotism Frederick II of Prussia (r. 1740–1786) Catherine II of Russia (r. 1762–1796) Joseph II of Austria (r. 1765–1790) Nobleese Oblige Divine Right Monarchy Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes Leviathan (1651) John Locke Two Treatises on Government (1690) Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract (1762) “The General Will” Thomas Paine (1737–1809) Common Sense (1776) American Declaration of Independence Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Mercantilism François Quesnay (1694–1774) Economic Table (1758) Physiocracy Laissez Faire Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727-1781) Adam Smith (1723-1790) Navigation Acts (1651) 1 “Invisible Hand” The Wealth of Nations (1776) Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke (1678-1751) Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) The Decline and Fall of the Roman