HIST 419: The French Enlightenment Instructor: Stan M. Landry Fall Semester 2009 Final Exam Study Guide
An identification is a brief but detailed description of a term that provides relevant factual information about the term and explains the term’s significance for history. Think of IDs as encyclopedia articles in miniature. Identifications typically answer 5 to 7 basic questions: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? And most notably: What is the historical significance of this term; i.e., why is it important?
Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746) David Hume (1711–1776) Adam Smith (1723–1790) “Impartial Spectator” Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) “Hedonistic Calculus” Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Categorical Imperative Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) Enlightened Despotism Frederick II of Prussia (r. 1740–1786) Catherine II of Russia (r. 1762–1796) Joseph II of Austria (r. 1765–1790) Nobleese Oblige Divine Right Monarchy Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes Leviathan (1651) John Locke Two Treatises on Government (1690) Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract (1762) “The General Will” Thomas Paine (1737–1809) Common Sense (1776) American Declaration of Independence Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Mercantilism François Quesnay (1694–1774) Economic Table (1758) Physiocracy Laissez Faire Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1727-1781) Adam Smith (1723-1790) Navigation Acts (1651)
1 “Invisible Hand” The Wealth of Nations (1776) Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke (1678-1751) Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776-1788) Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744-1803 Natural Law Natural History Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) System of Nature (1735) Binomial Nomenclature Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) Natural History, General and Particular (1749-1788) Querelle des Femmes Poullain de La Barre (1647-1725) Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793) Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen (1791) Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) Coverture James Cook (1728-1779) Abbé Guillame Thomas Raynal (1713-1796) Philosophical and Political History of the East and West Indies (1770; revised 1780) British Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1787) Society of the Friends of the Blacks (1788) Olaudah Equiano aka Gustavus Vassa (c. 1745-1797) The Interesting Narrative (1789) Carl Becker (1873-1945) The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers (1932) Peter Gay (b. 1923) The Enlightenment: The Rise of Modern Paganism (1966) Deism John Toland (1670-1722) Christianity not Mysterious (1696) Natural Theology Jansenism John Wesley (1703-1791) Great Awakening/Erweckungsbewegung Theory of Two Powers Gallicanism Ultramontanism Jean Calas (1698-1762) Calas Affair Sirven Affair Salzburg Transaction (1731)
2 Freemasonry Illuminati Adam Weishaupt (1748-1830) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Common Sense (1776) The Treatise of the Three Impostors (1719) Julien Offray de la Mettrie (1709-1751) Baron d’Holbach (1723-1789) Donatien Alphonse Francois, Marquis de Sade (1740-184) Philosophy in the Bedroom (1795) Libertinism Année littéraire (1754-1790) Elie Cathérine Fréron (1719-1776) Nicolas-Joseph-Laurent Gilbert (1750-1780) Antoine Sabatier (1742-1817) Jean-Marie-Bernard Clément (1742-1812) Edmund Burke (1729-1797) Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) Theodor Adorno (1903-1969) Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947)
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