AN ‘AMIABLE ENMITY’: FRONTIER SPECTACLE AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN CASTILE AND CYPRUS by Thomas C. Devaney B.A., Trinity College, 1998 M.A.T., Boston College, 2000 M.A., University of Chicago, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RI MAY 2011 This dissertation by Thomas Connaught Devaney is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date:___________________ ____________________________________ Amy Remensnyder, Director Recommended to the Graduate Council Date:___________________ ____________________________________ Sheila Bonde, Reader Date:___________________ ____________________________________ Tara Nummedal, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date:___________________ ____________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School ii CURRICULUM VITAE Thomas Devaney was born December 27, 1976 in New York City. He attended Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut from 1994 to 1998, where he earned a B.A. in History and received the Ferguson Prize in History for the honors thesis, “Fragmenting Social Tensions within the United Irish Movement, 1780-1797.” He later attended the Lynch School of Education at Boston College from 1999-2000, finishing with an M.A.T. in Secondary Curriculum and Instruction. After teaching history and social studies in several middle and high schools in the Boston area, he returned to graduate school in 2003 at the University of Chicago, where he studied with Walter Kaegi and Rachel Fulton. He completed his studies at Chicago in 2004, earning a M.A. in Social Sciences. After a year of study in Latin, French, and German at the University of Illinois at Chicago, he enrolled at Brown to work with Amy Remensnyder in the Department of History. Throughout his studies, Mr. Devaney has received a number of fellowships and research grants. He received a Dean’s Scholarship to support his studies at Boston College, and a University Scholarship from the University of Chicago. At Brown University, he has received generous support from the Department of History, the Graduate School, and the Cogut Center for the Humanities. In addition to funding during the early years of his studies at Brown, these have included the John Lax Memorial Graduate Fellowship from the Department of History and the John Carnegie MacMillan Graduate Fellowship from the Cogut Center, both of which supported the writing of this dissertation. In addition, a summer travel fellowship from the Graduate School facilitated the archival research that underlies this project. In addition to support from Brown University, Mr. Devaney has won several external research grants. These include the Helen Maud Cam Dissertation Research Grant from the iii Medieval Academy of America, a research grant from the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain’s Ministry of Culture and United States Universities, and a Summer Pre- Dissertation Fellowship from the Council for European Studies at Columbia University. In addition to serving as a teaching assistant for the Department of History, Mr. Devaney has offered a course on the medieval Crusades through the Office of Summer and Continuing Studies for the last several years. His publications include “Competing Spectacles in the Venetian Festa delle Marie,” which appeared in the Spring, 2008 issue of Viator (39:1), and “Like an Ember Buried in Ashes: The Byzantine-Venetian Conflict of 1119-1126,” which was published in The Crusades: Medieval Worlds in Conflict, a volume edited by Thomas F. Madden, James Naus, and Vincent Ryan and released in early 2011. A third article , “Representing the Medieval Festivals of Jaén through Text, Enactment and Image,” will soon be available in Re-Presenting the Past: Archaeology through Image and Text. This volume, edited by Sheila Bonde and Stephen Houston, is currently in press. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writing of this dissertation, like any work of such length, has depended in large part on the generous contributions of a number of people. Chief among them are the three members of my committee, whose guidance has extended far beyond this project to all phases, formal and informal, of my graduate career. All three gave freely of their time in reading drafts of my chapters while providing inspiration, advice, and criticism. My advisor, Amy Remensnyder, helped me to figure out what I wanted to write about, to transform that inchoate set of ideas into a coherent research plan, and to turn that into a finished manuscript. Sheila Bonde encouraged me to expand my methodological approach and to ask new kinds of questions of my sources, helping me to always keep in mind the material and spatial aspects of the past that do not come across in written documents. Tara Nummedal’s insightful comments on my drafts have helped me to clarify my arguments and to ensure that I didn’t lose sight of the forest for the trees. She regularly suggested recent books and pointed to new avenues of analysis. Several other scholars have read excerpts, offered professional advice, and suggested sources. The dissertation was greatly strengthened by the perceptive comments of, among others, James Green, Moshe Sluhovsky, Teofilo Ruiz, Patrick Geary, Nora Berend, and Alexandra Cuffel. While working in the archives, I had the good fortune to meet several knowledgeable archivists who took the time to discuss the project with me. In Jaén, Elena Fontecha provided helpful advice about working with the Actas v capitulares while introducing me to the work of several local historians. In Córdoba, Alicia Córdoba Deorador explained the ins and outs of the Protocolos notoriales while Pilar Sáenz-López prepared a valuable bibiliography. In Murcia, I would like to thank María José Hernández Almela, who introduced me to the sometimes labyrinthine workings of the Proyecto Carmesi database. None of this would have been possible without the generous financial support provided by the Department of History, the Graduate School, and the Cogut Center for the Humanities. Several external organizations also provided contributions which enabled me to travel to the Spanish archives. These include the Council for European Studies at Columbia University, the Medieval Academy of America, and the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain's Ministry of Culture and United States Universities. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their support during this long process. My wife Elizabeth and my daughters Ella and Julia exhibited remarkable patience with my extended research trips and many hours of writing. More importantly, they served as a constant reminder that this project is but one step on a larger path and that I need to step away from the manuscript from time to time to laugh and love. This work is dedicated to them. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae .......................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... v List of Illustrations ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 PART ONE Chapter One. An Amiable Enmity: Inaction and Ideological Dissonance on the Granadan Frontier ......................................................... 10 Chapter Two. The Anatomy of a Spectacle: Participants, Critics, and Onlookers................................................................................... 85 Chapter Three. The Meanings of Civic Space................................................ 147 PART TWO Chapter Four. Knights, Magi, and Muslims: Miguel Lucas de Iranzo and the People of Jaén ...................................................................... 199 Chapter Five. A ‘Chance Act’: Córdoba in 1473.......................................... 257 vii Chapter Six. Murcia and the Body of Christ Triumphant.............................. 318 PART THREE Chapter Seven. Spectacle and Community in Cyprus.................................... 374 Epilogue ............................................................................................. 430 Glossary of Spanish Terms ................................................................ 438 Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 440 Bibliography....................................................................................... 442 Figures................................................................................................ 484 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. The Reconquest. (González Jiménez, “Frontier and Settlement in the Kingdom of Castile,” 51) Figure 2a. Biblioteca Catedralicia de Santiago de Compostela, Tumbo B, fol. 2v. (Cabrillana Ciézar, Santiago Matamoros, 213) Figure 2b. Carta de Privilegio Real de Pegalajar. Detail (Lázaro Damas, “Una iconografía de frontera,” 58) Figure 3. Cantigas de Santa María., f. 247r. (Edición facsímil del Códice T.I.1) Figure 4. Andalusia after the Thirteenth-Century Reconquest. (MacKay, Spain in the Middle Ages, xvi) Figure 5. The Parish of San Nicolás de la Ajerquía, Córdoba, in the fifteenth century (Escobar Camacho, La vida urbana cordobesa, 118) Figure 6. The Plaza del Potro and its environs in the fifteenth