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Configuration of the Palaeogene Deposits of Southern Russia

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Configuration of the Palaeogene Deposits of Southern Russia Configuration of the Palaeogene deposits of southern Russia Eleonora P. RADIONOVA, Irina E. KHOKHLOVA & Tatiana V. ORESHKINA Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per. 7, Moscow, 109017 (Russia) khokhlova® ginran.msk.su [email protected] Radionova E. P., Khokhlova I. E. & Oreshklna T. V. 1999. — Configuration of the Palaeogene deposits of southern Russia, in Crasquln-Soleau S. & De Wever P. (eds), Peri- Tethys: stratigraphic correlations 3, Geodiversitas 21 (3): 421-428. ABSTRACT Tectonic and eustatic history of the East European Plate strongly influenced the accumulation of Palaeogene sediments. Due to these factors, lower part of Palaeogene deposits is distributed in an elongated area with an axis stretches N-S, and the upper strata in an area that extends E-W. KEYWORDS Micropalaeontological investigation of diversified Palaeogene lithofacies allo­ Palaeogene, wed us to subdivide and correlate Palaeocene and middle Eocene sediments microplankton, stratigraphy, of the East European (Russian) Plate and to propose the picture of its evolu­ palaeogeography. tion during the Palaeocene-middle Eocene time. RESUME Configuration des dépôts paléogènes de la Russie méridionale. L'histoire tectonique et eustatique de la plaque est-européenne a profondé­ ment influencé l'accumulation des dépôts paléogènes. En relation avec ces deux facteurs, la partie inférieure des dépôts du Paléogène est répartie sur une aire allongée de direction N-S, et la partie supérieure avec une direction E- MOTS CLÉS W. Les recherches micropaléontologiques sur différents lithofaciès du Paléogène, Paléogène nous permettent de diviser et de corréler les sédiments du microplancton, Paléocène et de l'Eocène moyen de la plaque est-européenne (russe) et de stratigraphie, paléogéographie. proposer une image de son évolution durant le Paléocène-Eocène moyen. GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) 421 Radionova E. P., Khokhlova I. E. & Oreshkina T. V. INTRODUCTION deposits are confined, is related with an inversion of vertical movements. This depression evolved Within the Russian Plate, Palaeogene deposits in Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene time, and since are classed into two lithologic types - Ukrainian the Eocene it has been involved in the N-S- and Volgian - differing essentially in lithology trending uplifting zone, presently known as the and stratigraphic range. Ukrainian-type sections Volgian uplift. Although the Ukrainian and are found to the west, and Volgian-type deposits, Ulyanovsk-Saratov depressions occur closely in to the east of the Ulyanovsk-Saratov zone space, their Palaeogene infills differ essentially in (Leonov 1964). structure, stratigraphic range, and lithologic The Palaeogene deposits display an E-W zona- type. The zone that separating these areas tion. As far north as the latitude of Volgograd, extends N-S along the East Ergeny swell (Fig. 1: Palaeogene deposits are represented by all the 4) to Don-Medveditsa swell and Kirovsk swell, series and show lithologic similarity to carbonate and is likely to reflect a deep mantle structure terrigenous, North Caucasus-type sections. In that trends roughly N-S. more northerly areas, Palaeogene sections are Throughout the Palaeogene domain, the lower incomplete and are dominated by siliceous- beds are distributed in an elongated area whose terrigenous facies. The boundary of the area axis stretches N-S from Ulyanovsk to Volgograd, occupied by the southern, Caucasian facies coin­ and the upper strata gravitate to an area that cides with the junction zone between the south extends E-W from Kiev to Volgograd. The struc­ flank of the East European craton and the post- tural rearrangement responsible for this reorien­ Hercynian Scythian Plate. tation took place in the early to early-middle The Figure 1 shows tectonic structure of the Eocene. southern part of the Russian Plate. The diversity of Palaeogene lithologic associations is largely determined by the tectonic complexity of the OBJECTIVES OF STUDY study area, located in the junction zone. The North Donets thrust (Fig. 1: A) separating the The diversity of Palaeogene lithofacies throu­ East European craton and the Scythian Plate ghout this all-important area renders their strati­ remained active throughout Cainozoic time. The graphic subdivision and correlation rather southern slope of the platform is adjoined by difficult. Despite the long history of the studies, Precambrian structures: the Ukrainian shield the micropalaeontological coverage of these (Fig. 1: A) and the Voronezh uplift (Fig. 1: B) deposits remains incomplete and non-uniform. with the Dnieper-Donets aulacogen (Fig. 1: C) This refers primarily to the stratigraphy that is in-between, and by the Peri-Caspian Basin based on siliceous microfossils, which abound in (Fig. 1: D). The Karpinsky swell (Fig. 1: E) is an the Palaeocene deposits of Volgian-type sections E-W-trending marginal structure of the post- and in the Eocene strata of Ukrainian-type sec­ Hercynian Scythian Plate. This swell gives way tions. westward to the orogenic Palaeozoic structure of First, this study sets out to constrain the strati­ the Donets area (Fig. 1: F), a constituent part of graphic range of Palaeogene siliceous facies in the the Dnieper-Donets aulacogen (Milanovsky Ulyanovsk-Saratov depression. 1987). Second, our aim is to improve the understanding The Ukrainian depression, fdled by Ukrainian- of the structure and age of the Eocene deposits in type Palaeogene deposits, is a Meso-Cainozoic the area where the Dnieper-Donets depression depression (Fig. 1: I) overprinting the south adjoins the Peri-Caspian Basin, and where the flank of the Voronezh Massif, of the Dnieper- Eocene strata comprise both carbonate and sili­ Donets graben, and, partly, of the Ukrainian ceous facies, permitting a correlation of northerly shield. (cratonic-type) and North Caucasian sections. The N-S-trending Ulyanovsk-Saratov depression Sections and boreholes penetrating the (Fig. 1: II), to which the Volgian-type Palaeogene Palaeogene deposits we have studied are shown 422 GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) Configuration of the Palaeogene deposits of southern Russia i Kazan \ \ 40: 46' 48" Thrust faults Cristalline basement 2-km contour of basement surface Oceanic crust Faults II II Meso-Cainozoic cover |+ + | Cristalline basement Boreholes and sections FIG. 1. — Scheme showing main tectonic structures of the southern part of Russian platform, after Geodynamic map of the USSR and adjacent seas (Anonymous 1988) and Milanovsky (1987). Boreholes and sections: 1, Starry Saltov; 2, Yaruga; 3, Strelech'e; 4, Kantemlrovka; 5, Sergeevka; 6, Rudaevka; 7, Boguchar; 8, Veshenskoe; 9, Uzen; 10, Smishlyaevskaya Gorka; 11, Vodoratsky Quarry; 12, Sengeley. Precambrlan structures of the Russian Plate: A, Ukrainian shield; B, Voronezh uplift; C, Dnieper-Donets aula- cogen; D, Perl-Caspian Basin; E, Pachelma trough; <- a, northern Donets thrust. Post-Hercynian structures of the Scythian Plate: F, Karplnsky swell; G, Donets folded area. Meso-Cainozoic structures: I, Ukrainian synecline; II, Peri-Caspian Basin; III, Ulyanovsk-Saratov synecline. Cainozoic meridional structures: b, East Ergeninsky swell (horst); c, Don-Medvedltsa swell (modern Volglan uplift); d, Kirovsk swell. GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) 423 Radionova E. P., Khokhlova I. E. & Oreshkina T. V. in Figure 1. These are type sections in two areas reaches, this formation overlaps erosionally the that are crucial to Palaeogene stratigraphy in the underlying deposits, is made up of thin sand central Ulyanovsk-Saratov depression (Sengeley, stone with occasional leaf casts, and thickens to Smyshlyaevskaya Gorka, Kuroedovskie Vyselki 40-60 m. quarry, and Vodoratsky quarry sections) and The lithologie uniformity and cyclicity, the cor­ along the NE flank of the Ukrainian depression relation of faunal remains with particular litho- (246 Stary Saltov, 230 Strelechie, 5-93 Boguchar, facies, the commonly poor preservation of and 9540 Rudaevka holes and Yaruga, Sergeevka, siliceous plankton due to diagenetic transforma­ and Kantemirovka sections). tion of organic opal, all handicap the stratigra­ phie subdivision of Palaeocene deposits. Stratigraphie range of the lithostratigraphic units STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF (formations) is highly disputable. In this study, PALAEOCENE DEPOSITS (VOLGIAN-TYPE the paper by Khokhlova & Oreshkina (this volu­ PALAEOGENE STRATA) me) sets out to define more precisely the strati- graphic range of Palaeocene deposits in the Volgian-type Palaeogene deposits (Leonov 1964) Volga's middle reaches. have a siliceous-terrigenous composition and show a distinct cyclicity. It is customarily belie­ ved that in this region Palaeogene deposits have a STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF EOCENE complete stratigraphie range and pass conti­ DEPOSITS (UKRAINIAN-TYPE nuously into lower Eocene strata. PALAEOGENE STRATA) The Palaeocene deposits are subdivided into the Syzran, Saratov (= Kamyshin), and Tsaritsyn for­ The Dnieper Basin displays : ( 1 ) a reduced strati- mations. The last is assigned to uppermost graphic range and limited distribution of the Palaeocene-lowermost Eocene. However, sections lower Eocene strata; (2) a chiefly sandy composi­ in the lower and upper reaches of the Volga are tion of all the horizons except two: "Kiev" difficult to correlate. The Syzran Formation is a Horizon represented by a clay-marl member with rather diverse and intricately built complex of glauconite, and the lower part of the "Kharkov" clay-siliceous and sand sediments as thick as 150- Horizon, which shows
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