Catalan Journal of Linguistics
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The Phonetics-Phonology Interface in Romance Languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran
Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics-phonology interface in Romance languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran To cite this version: José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran. Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics- phonology interface in Romance languages. S. Fischer and C. Gabriel. Manual of grammatical interfaces in Romance, 10, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23-40, 2016, Manuals of Romance Linguistics, 978-3-11-031186-0. hal-01226122 HAL Id: hal-01226122 https://hal-univ-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01226122 Submitted on 24 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance MRL 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manuals of Romance Linguistics Manuels de linguistique romane Manuali di linguistica romanza Manuales de lingüística románica Edited by Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret Volume 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance Edited by Susann Fischer and Christoph Gabriel Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM ISBN 978-3-11-031178-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-031186-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039483-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. -
Fre 231 Course Title: Introduction to French
FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ART AND SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE: FRE 231 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY 60 FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY COURSE GUIDE FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY Course Team Dr. Paulin Dipe Alo (Course Developer/Writer) – University of Lagos Dr. Christine Ofulue (Programme Leader) – NOUN Ms. Lucy Jibrin (Course Coordinator) – NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 61 FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos Abuja Office 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.noun.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 Reprinted 2014 ISBN: 978-058-342-4 All Rights Reserved 62 FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………………… iv What you will Learn in this Course …………………….. iv Course Aims …………………………………………….. iv Course Objectives ………………………………………. iv Working through this Course …………………………… v Course Materials ………………………………………… v Study Units ………………………………………………. v Set Textbooks ……………………………………………. vi Assignment File …………………………………………. vii Assessment ……………………………………………… vii Tutor-Marked Assignments (TMAs) …………………… vii Final Examinations and Grading ……………………….. viii Course Marking Scheme ……………………………….. viii Course Overview ……………………………………….. viii How to Get the Most from this Course ………………… viii Summary ………………………………………………… ix 63 FRE 231 INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH PHONOLOGY INTRODUCTION This is a one-semester course in the third year of B.A. (Hons.) in French studies. It is a two-credit unit course which introduces you to the essentials of phonology in French. This course is important and necessary for you because it enables you to better understand the functioning of the French language sound system, so as for them to put into practice the phonological rules they acquire in the course of this programme. -
Catalan in the Classroom: a Language Under Fire Sara Fowler
Catalan in the Classroom: A Language Under Fire Sara Fowler Hawaii Pacific University Abstract This paper describes the role of Spain’s largest minority language, Catalan, in Spanish society, specifically in the classroom. Throughout its history, Catalan has gone through many cycles of oppression and revival. Currently, despite several decades of positive progress in its official role and a growing number of young speakers, Catalan is facing new challenges once again. Some members of the Spanish government believe that the language of instruction in Catalonia should be Castilian, a development which the citizens of Catalonia feel is an attack on their linguistic rights and identity. Catalan is a well-documented example of the tensions which can arise in a country with a minority language or languages. The Catalan case can also serve as a reminder to English teachers that the politics of language are often more complicated than they seem; teachers must be aware of and sensitive to the cultural and political backgrounds of their students. Introduction It is a fact that linguistic boundaries and political borders are not a perfect match; nevertheless, most people associate one language with one country. For example, the name Spain, for many people, brings to mind one language: Spanish. However, Spanish, or “Castilian” as it is more specifically called, is not the only language in Spain. There are 15 languages spoken in Spain—one official language and three other “co-official” languages, the largest of which is Catalan, spoken as a “mother tongue” by approximately nine percent of the population, compared to five percent speakers of Galician and a mere one percent who speak Euskera (Basque) as a mother tongue (Ethnologue, 2014; European Commission, 2006, p. -
Electronic Maps and the Dialectal Borders of Catalan
New Perspectives in Iberian Dialectology / Nouvelles perspectives en dialectologie ibérique David Heap, Enrique Pato, and Claire Gurski (eds.) Twelfth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology (Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, 1st – 5th August 2005) Electronic maps and the dialectal borders of Catalan Maria-Pilar Perea Universitat de Barcelona New Perspectives in Iberian Dialectology / Nouvelles perspectives en dialectologie ibérique. David Heap, Enrique Pato, and Claire Gurski (eds.). 2006. London: University of Western Ontario. [online edition < https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/siteview.cgi/id>] Electronic maps and the dialectal borders of Catalan1 Maria-Pilar Perea Universitat de Barcelona 1. Introduction During the twentieth century, Catalan dialectology has continued to pursue its main objective, namely to compile information on the phonetics, vocabulary and morphology of the dialects spoken in various localities inside the Catalan linguistic domain and to present the results in the form of maps. Together, the set of maps comprise a linguistic atlas that shows the existence of particular entities, the dialects, separated by borders: the isoglosses. This descriptive aim was fulfilled by most atlases of the Catalan domain, which were published in the second half of the twentieth century. The first Catalan atlas of a general nature, the Atles Lingüístic de Catalunya (ALC) (1923-1964), was not finished until 1964. Unfortunately this atlas, compiled by Antoni Griera, is not entirely reliable. In the last few years two volumes (of a projected series of ten) of the Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català (ALDC) have appeared (cf. Veny and Pons 2001, 2004). Both the general and the regional atlases, all of them only in book format, have been limited to a descriptive representation of the data, pointing out coincident and divergent aspects. -
An Optimality-Theoretic Approach to French H Aspiré Words1
To appear in: Féry, Caroline / Kügler, Frank / van de Vijver, Ruben (eds.): Variation and Gradience in Pho- netics and Phonology. - Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Christoph Gabriel & Trudel Meisenburg (Osnabrück) Silent onsets? An optimality-theoretic approach to French h aspiré words1 This paper reexamines one of the classical problems of French phonology: the phenomenon of h aspiré words (Fouché 1959, Klein 1963, Rothe 1978, Encrevé 1988). These vowel initial items display a special behavior with respect to typical phonological processes of French, such as enchaînement, liaison, and élision. Based on the analysis of experimental data we investigate the phonetic realizations of these items and propose an optimality- theoretic (OT) approach in order to account for this phenomenon as well as for the variation encountered in our data. The paper is organized as follows: We start with an overview of the relevant facts from a rather descriptive point of view (section 1) before presenting the data analyzed for the pre- sent study (section 2). While section 3 reviews selected non OT approaches to French h aspiré words, section 4 goes into the problem of variation from an optimality-theoretic perspective: We give an overview of the proposals under discussion before putting forward our own account that largely relies on the model of Stochastic OT developed by Boersma/Hayes (2001). Section 5, finally, offers some concluding remarks. 1 The phenomenon One of the characteristics of French phonology lies within the strong tendency to create regular CV sequences and to avoid hiatus (V.V) through the application of phonological processes such as enchaînement (syllabification of a fixed final consonant into the empty onset position of the following word, 1.a), liaison (surfacing of a latent final consonant into the onset position of the following word, 2.a) and élision (deletion of certain vowels in pre- vocalic position, 3.a). -
Variation and Change in the Romance Possessive Constructions: an Overview of Nominal, Adverbial and Verbal Uses1
Variation and change in the Romance possessive constructions: An overview of nominal, adverbial and verbal uses1 MIRIAM BOUZOUITA Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin MATTI MARTTINEN LARSSON Stockholm University Abstract In this introductory article, we will first illustrate the great morpho-syntactic diversity that exists in the Romance possessive systems from a comparative perspective, and then detail the recent changes that have taken place. After discussing the various nominal patterns, the use of tonic possessives in the adverbial and verbal domain will be examined. Subsequently, the various contributions of this special issue will be summarized and evaluated. Keywords: Romance, possessive, noun, prepositional phrase, adverbial, verbal, analogical extension, reanalysis 1. Introduction Despite having a common ancestor, there are important morpho-syntactic differences between the various Romance possessive systems.2 While some possessives behave like adjectives, others function like determiners, and yet others as pronouns (e.g. Lyons 1985; Schoorlemmer 1998; GLA 2001:108; Ledgeway 2011; Van Peteghem 2012; De Andrés Díaz 2013:375, among others). Indeed, while Latin possessives are strong forms with a distribution similar to that of lexical adjectives, various divergent systems exist in the Romance languages (e.g. Van Peteghem 2012). To illustrate the great (morpho-)syntactic diversity that exists in the Romance possessive systems and the different recent changes that have taken place, we will give a broad comparative overview of the various possessive configurations in the nominal, adverbial and verbal domains (sections 1.1 and 1.2), detailing similarities and differences. We will focus especially on the Ibero- Romance varieties, albeit not exclusively, as they have received less attention in the 1 We would like to thank the participants and audience of the Possessive Constructions in Romance Conference (PossRom2018), held at Ghent University (27th-28th of June 2018) for their valuable input. -
Syllabification and Syllable Changing Rules in French* Roland Noske University Of'amsterdam/'Z
Syllabification and Syllable Changing Rules in French* Roland Noske University of'Amsterdam/'Z. W. O. 0. 1NTRODUCTION In this paper, a proposal will be formulated concerning the assignment of syllable structure in French. It will be proposed that syllabification takes place according to the following principles: - the prohibition against violating the notion of 'possible French syl lable' - the tendency to achieve the lowest possible syllabic markedness. A new concept of syllabic markedness will be developed, which also takes into account the number of syllables of a given form. Then, a principled account will be given concerning two syllable chang ing processes in French, viz. the deletion of schwa and the change of high vowels into glides. It will be shown that these processes, which take place in apparently disparate contexts, can be accounted for in a principled and natural way if one assumes that they are governed by precisely the same conditions as those that govern syllabification, viz. the prohibition against violating the notion of 'possible French syllable' and the tendency to achieve the lowest possible syllabic markedness. In section 1, a proposal for syllabification will be formulated. The notion of 'possible French syllable' will be expressed by means of a syl lable template and a set of conditions on the cooccurrence of segments. There will be several digressions in order to account for apparent counter- examples to my proposal. In section 2, the following two rules will be formulated accounting for the processes of schwa-deletion and the change of high vowels into glides (semivocalization): (1) Schwa-Deletion 3 -»• 0 * This paper is a revised version of Noske (1981). -
Spanish and Catalan in Majorca: Are There Contact- Induced Changes in the Catalan Vowel System?
Spanish and Catalan in Majorca: Are There Contact- Induced Changes in the Catalan Vowel System? Mark Amengual University of Texas at Austin 1. Introduction* The vowel systems of Catalan and Spanish are considerably different. Spanish has a simple five- vowel symmetrical system, which is the most common number of vowel phonemes cross-linguistically (Hualde, 2005). As shown in Table 1, the vowels contrast along two dimensions: along the height dimension, there are two high vowels (/i/ and /u/), two mid vowels (/e/ and /o/), and one low vowel (/a/); and along the frontness/backness dimension, there are two front vowels (/i/ and /e/), one central vowel (/a/), and two back vowels (/u/ and /o/). In contrast, Catalan has a seven-vowel symmetrical system with an additional contrast in height, distinguishing higher-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ from lower- mid vowels /ܭ/ and /ܧ/ in stressed syllables, as shown in Table 2. Moreover, the variety of Catalan spoken in Majorca has the additional vowel phoneme /ԥ/, which may appear both in stressed and unstressed position (Recasens, 1991). Table 1. The vowel inventory of Spanish Front Central Back High i u Mid e o Low a Nonround Round Table 2. The vowel inventory of Catalan (NB: /ԥ/ is phonemic in Majorcan Catalan) Front Central Back High i u Higher-mid e (ԥ) o Lower-mid ܭܧ Low a Nonround Round In terms of the acoustic properties of vowels, the first two formants (F1 and F2) provide information that can be used to uniquely identify the vowels in Spanish versus Catalan (Hualde, 2005). -
Phonological Problems in Teaching French to American High School Students
PHONOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN TEACHING FRENCH TO AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS fi. MARJORIE MC LAUGHLIN A. B., Wichita State University, 1942 A MASTER'S REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE College of Education KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1968 Major Professor I /fV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Leo F. Engler, of the Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics, for his invaluable assistance in carrying out and reporting this study. Also, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. J. Harvey Littrell, my advisor, and to Dr. Richard E. Owens, of the College of Education, for their sugges- tions and constructive criticism during the preparation of this report. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTROirtJCTION 1 The Problem 2 Statement of the problem 2 Limitations and delimitations 2 Definitions of Terms Used 3 Review of the Literature 6 II. CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSONANTS OF FRENCH AND OF ENGLISH AND OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION ... 9 Contra stive Consonant Phoneme Inventory ... 9 Articulation of French Consonants 11 Stops /p,t,d,k/ 11 Fricatives /S,3,r,s,a/ 13 Lateral /l/ 16 Nasal consonants /n,n,m/ 16 Semi-vowels /H,w/ 18 Summary 19 III. CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VOWELS OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH 20 Manner of Classification of Vowels 20 Phonetic Description of the Vowel Phonemes of French and English 22 The twelve French oral vowels 22 The four French nasal vowel phonemes .... 23 iT CHAPTER PAGE The nine simple vowel phonemes of English 25 The twenty-seven complex syllabic nuclei of English 26 Contrast of French Vowels with Their Near- counterparts among the English Vowel Nuclei 27 French /£,3/ 27 French /i,e,u,o/ 29 The low vowels /a/ and /a/ 32 The rounded front vowels /y,(tf,ce/ 33 "Mute" or "fleeting" e 35 The French nasal vowels /a,0,£,ce/ 36 Summary 38 IV. -
What Is a Dialect?*
What is a Language? What is a Dialect?* Hizniye Isabella Boga Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen [email protected] The current study shows how to distinguish dialects from languages. This distinction was found with the help of the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with a weighted scorer system of PMI distances and the Levenshtein distance. The study focused on the Romance language family, especially languages of Italy. The means used in order to identify groupings in the data were mixture models and the k-means clustering. The results support the hypothesis of bearing two thresholds which divide language-language pairs, language-dialect pairs and dialect- dialect pairs into three distinct clusters. These clusters were found with the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm with normalised and divided (NWND) scores and an additional scorer system of PMI distances. Furthermore, I also used Levenshtein Distances Normalised and Divided (LDND) for comparative reasons. The suggested thresholds differentiated between the two methods. The threshold by the NWND method are 4.49 for distinguishing dialect-dialect pairs from language-dialect pairs and a threshold of 2.54 in order to distinguish dialect-language pairs from language- language pairs. For the LDND method the cut off-points are 0.37 to distinguish dialect-dialect pairs from dialect-language pairs, 0.58 to distinguish close dialect-language varieties from distant dialect- language varieties and 0.7 to distinguish distant dialect-language varieties from language-language pairs. 1. Introduction The question of what a dialect is in opposition, relation or contrast to a language has been answered many times in many different manners. -
Phonological Variation in French: Illustrations from Three Continents
960 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 89, NUMBER 4 (2013) sign language. Two points are made in this paper: first, that DGS ( Deutsche Gebärdensprache ‘German Sign Language’) uses prosodic levels comparable to those found in oral languages, showing that prosody is a crosslinguistic feature of language in general, and second, that prosody has meanings that are compositionally present, again comparable to what is found in oral lan - guages. Like many papers on sign languages, it introduces a lot of general knowledge on the lan - guage first, leaving only little space for the detailed analysis of prosody and meaning. As should have become clear from these summaries, in most of the articles the role of prosody is taken more seriously than the role of meaning. Only Truckenbrodt’s and Baumann and Ries- ter’s contributions use meaning as a point of departure and investigate how tunes express it, and in these two papers, the role of prosody is kept to a minimum. Most of the contributions use con - ventional information-structural categories and investigate how they are realized by prosody. Frota assumes that in European Portuguese a nuclear high tone is associated with narrow focus and a low tone with broad focus. Bishop is interested in the role of prominence in different focus contexts in American English. Surányi, Ishihara, and Schubö use a broad and narrow focus to in - vestigate prosody in Hungarian, as does D’Imperio for German and Michelas for French. Cal - houn and Schweitzer assume that meaning is associated with words in a one-to-one fashion and that it is a vain task to try to attribute meaning to tones independently of words. -
The Intergenerational Transmission of Catalan in Alghero Chessa, Enrico
Another case of language death? The intergenerational transmission of Catalan in Alghero Chessa, Enrico For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/2502 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] Another case of language death? The intergenerational transmission of Catalan in Alghero Enrico Chessa Thesis submitted for the qualification of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Queen Mary, University of London 2011 1 The work presented in this thesis is the candidate’s own. 2 for Fregenet 3 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 8 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 12 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................................................................