DOCSLIB.ORG

Page 1 Note: Within Nine Months of the Publication of the Mention Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Page 1 Note: Within Nine Months of the Publication of the Mention Of (19) & (11) EP 1 058 113 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: G01N 31/22 (2006.01) G01N 21/78 (2006.01) 18.03.2009 Bulletin 2009/12 (21) Application number: 00201783.8 (22) Date of filing: 19.05.2000 (54) Method for quantifying molybdate in absorption refrigeration system brines Verfahren zur Quantifizierung von Molybdaten in Salzlaugen für Absorptionskälteanlagen Procédé pour la quantification de molybdate dans les saumures de réfrigérateurs à absorption (84) Designated Contracting States: • Tang, Xia DE ES FR GB IT West Hartford, Connecticut 06119 (US) (30) Priority: 02.06.1999 US 324376 (74) Representative: Booth, Catherine Louise et al (43) Date of publication of application: Frank B. Dehn & Co. 06.12.2000 Bulletin 2000/49 St Bride’s House 10 Salisbury Square (73) Proprietor: CARRIER CORPORATION London Farmington, EC4Y 8JD (GB) Connecticut 06034-4015 (US) (56) References cited: (72) Inventors: US-A- 5 106 581 US-A- 5 744 365 • Condit, David A. Avon, • PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. Connecticut 06001 (US) 08, 30 August 1996 (1996-08-30) & JP 08 105835 • Jaworowski, Mark R. A (NIPPON CHEM IND CO LTD), 23 April 1996 Glastonbury, (1996-04-23) Connecticut 06033 (US) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 058 113 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 EP 1 058 113 B1 2 Description inhibiting performance of the fluids being superior to lith- ium chromate inhibitors. This improved system of corro- [0001] This invention relates generally to absorption sion inhibitors is described in greater detail in US Patent refrigeration systems. More particularly, the invention re- 5,547,660 for Absorption Refrigeration System working lates to diagnostics for absorption refrigeration systems. 5 Fluid with Molybdate, Borate, Silicate Inhibitor Blend by More particularly still, the invention relates to a method Downey and assigned to Carrier Corporation. Moreover, and apparatus for performing diagnostics on a corrosion this improved system of corrosion inhibitors is employed inhibitor present in absorption refrigeration systems. in the WB-1 inhibited LiBr absorption chillers manufac- [0002] There are a number of different pairs of refrig- tured and sold by Carrier Corporation. erants and absorbents that are used in absorption refrig- 10 [0006] The aforementioned WB-1 inhibited LiBr ab- eration systems. One such pair is water and a halogen sorption chiller of the Carrier Corporation uses an aque- salt of lithium, such as lithium bromide, lithium chloride ous solution of water and a lithium halide, specifically or lithium iodide mixed to form a concentrated aqueous lithium bromide (LiBr), as the working fluid (sometimes solution of the lithium salt. Another such pair is water and termed "brine"), and employ a further solution of lithium 15 ammonia. molybdate (Li2MoO4), lithium borate and lithium silicate [0003] Iron and iron alloys like steel and copper and as the corrosion inhibitor. Although the lithium borate and copper alloys are typical construction materials used in lithium silicate inhibitors remain in solution in the aqueous absorption refrigeration systems. Corrosion of these ma- working fluid in adequate quantities throughout the life terials can cause difficulties. Not only is metal loss of of the fluid system, the same may not be so with respect concern but also the oxidation of ferrous metal can be 20 to the molybdate inhibitor. The lithium molybdate is only accompanied by evolution of gaseous hydrogen. If not sparingly soluble in the LiBr brine, and must be main- purged, the hydrogen can interfere with the proper oper- tained in the 100-200 ppm range to assure the desired ation of the system. Corrosion is of particular concern in action as a corrosion inhibitor. However, during start-up systems that use halogen salts of lithium. And regardless and/or during other times of stress on the refrigeration of the refrigerant/absorbent pair used in a particular sys- 25 system, the molybdate inhibitor may become sufficiently tem, metal corrosion rates increase as system tempera- depleted as to take it below the preferred concentration tures increase. range and thus expose the system to corrosion problems. [0004] It is well known in the prior art that the addition [0007] To minimize the risk of corrosion problems of a salt of chromium, such as lithium chromate, to the which may result from an insufficient concentration of the refrigerant/absorbent solution in an absorption refriger- 30 molybdate inhibitor, it has been the practice to obtain ation system, is effective in reducing metallic corrosion. samples of the LiBr brine in the field at the site of the The presence of the chromate compound promotes the absorption refrigeration system and to then send them formation of a protective layer of iron and chromium ox- to another location for analysis. That analysis is typically ides on the surfaces of the system that are in contact with performed by a non-portable, relatively expensive tech- the absorbent. With a decrease in iron oxidation, there 35 nique and equipment, such an inductively coupled plas- is also a corresponding decrease in the production of ma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). This proc- noncondensible hydrogen. There is some concern, how- ess occasions undesirable delays (measured in days) ever, about the health risks that chromium presents. At and significant monetary costs. Although various types least one government authority, the U.S. Environmental of on-site analyzers and analysis techniques have been Protection Agency, has identified chromium as a carcin- 40 employed for monitoring the level of chromate inhibitor ogen, and has prohibited the presence of chromium com- concentrations, including color comparators and spec- pounds in systems that are open to the atmosphere. Ab- trometers, those techniques as they presently exist are sorption refrigeration systems are, of course, closed sys- not suitable for determining molybdate concentrations. tems, but a certain amount of working fluid from the sys- Similarly, existing analytical processes for determining tem can become exposed to the atmosphere through the 45 concentrations of molybdate in refrigeration systems are taking of samples, the manufacturing process and spills operative if the working fluid is water, but not if it contains during handling and filling. And, at the end of the service a lithium halide brine, such as lithium bromide. Other prior life of a system, the system charge will necessarily re- art systems for measuring molybdate ions in a refrigerant quire disposal of the working fluid, including the chromi- are disclosed in JP 08105835, in which multiple steps um compounds that it contains. 50 are carried out including forming a turbid solution and [0005] To address the foregoing concern, there has using thioglycolic acid, and in US 5106581, in which the recently been developed a chromium-free aqueous so- use of test strips having dithiol or thyocyanate and tin lution, typically of a halogen salt of lithium, for use as a chloride in the presence of acid for detecting molybdate working fluid in an absorption refrigeration system. In ad- ions is discussed. dition, the solution also contains a compound containing 55 [0008] Accordingly, there is a need for determining mo- a molybdate, a compound containing a borate and per- lybdate inhibitor concentrations in lithium halide brines haps also, a compound containing a silicate. The added using a method and/or apparatus which facilitates on- constituents act as effective corrosion inhibitors, with the site analysis. The method and apparatus for making such 2 3 EP 1 058 113 B1 4 on-site analysis should be relatively portable and eco- tometer is field calibrated using a brine sample having a nomical, and provide rapid and accurate determination known concentration of molybdate inhibitor, typically ze- of molybdate inhibitor concentration. ro, to establish a reference. For a lithium bromide brine, [0009] The present invention provides a method and the selected reagent is stannous chloride in hydrochloric apparatus for making a rapid and accurate analysis of 5 acid, and the resulting characteristic color corresponds the concentration of molybdate inhibitor in a lithium halide to a wavelength in the range of 520-580 nm, typically brine at the site of a refrigeration system containing the pink with a maximum near 550-560 nm. brine. The analysis may be performed using relatively [0014] Fig. 1 is a spectral plot of the absorbance spec- standard, portable equipment in a non-complex manner. trum of a lithium bromide brine, treated with a reagent, [0010] In accordance with the present invention, there 10 for differing concentrations of included lithium molybdate is provided a method of quantatively analyzing molybdate inhibitor. inhibitor as claimed in claim 1. In its preferred embodi- [0015] Fig. 2 is a graphical plot of the spectral absorb- ments at least, there is provided a method for quantita- ance at 550 nm for different concentrations of lithium mo- tively analyzing molybdate inhibitor in a lithium bromide lybdate in lithium bromide brine, showing the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,358,747 B1 Condit Et Al
    USOO6358747B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,358,747 B1 Condit et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 19, 2002 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR D. S. Gaibakyan etal, J. Anal. Chem. 1970, 25, 2056–2059.* QUANTIFYING MOLYBDATE IN BRINES A. M. Kiememeljet al, Anal. Chem. 1976, 48,575-578.* (75) Inventors: David A. Condit, Avon; Mark R. H. Llambias et al, Chem. Abstr. 1978, 88, abstract 53021f.* Jaworowski, Glastonbury; Xia Tang, West Hartford, all of CT (US) Lis et al., Journal of Alloys and Compounds 303-304, 132-136, 2000.* (73) ASSignee: sayier Corporation, Farmington, CT Water Analysis Handbood, HACH Company, Loveland, Colorado, “Molybdenum, Molybdate', pp. 636. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 * cited by examiner U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (21) Appl. No.: 09/324,376 Primary Examiner Arlen Soderquist y - - - 9 (22) Filed: Jun. 2, 1999 (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ G01N 33/20 Amethod and apparatus are provided for quantifying molyb (52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 436/83; 422/61; 436/73; date corrosion inhibitor concentrations in lithium halide 436/166 brines of absorption refrigeration Systems. This permits (58) Field of Search ............................ 436/73, 83, 166; monitoring and control of the inhibitor level. A reagent is 422/61 chosen for reacting with the molybdate in the brine to provide a readily identifiable characteristic color, the inten (56) References Cited sity of which is a function and measure of the molybdate U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS concentration. The reagent is an acidified reducing agent a which reacts to provide a significant characteristic color 5,106,581.
    [Show full text]
  • High Purity Inorganics
    High Purity Inorganics www.alfa.com INCLUDING: • Puratronic® High Purity Inorganics • Ultra Dry Anhydrous Materials • REacton® Rare Earth Products www.alfa.com Where Science Meets Service High Purity Inorganics from Alfa Aesar Known worldwide as a leading manufacturer of high purity inorganic compounds, Alfa Aesar produces thousands of distinct materials to exacting standards for research, development and production applications. Custom production and packaging services are part of our regular offering. Our brands are recognized for purity and quality and are backed up by technical and sales teams dedicated to providing the best service. This catalog contains only a selection of our wide range of high purity inorganic materials. Many more products from our full range of over 46,000 items are available in our main catalog or online at www.alfa.com. APPLICATION FOR INORGANICS High Purity Products for Crystal Growth Typically, materials are manufactured to 99.995+% purity levels (metals basis). All materials are manufactured to have suitably low chloride, nitrate, sulfate and water content. Products include: • Lutetium(III) oxide • Niobium(V) oxide • Potassium carbonate • Sodium fluoride • Thulium(III) oxide • Tungsten(VI) oxide About Us GLOBAL INVENTORY The majority of our high purity inorganic compounds and related products are available in research and development quantities from stock. We also supply most products from stock in semi-bulk or bulk quantities. Many are in regular production and are available in bulk for next day shipment. Our experience in manufacturing, sourcing and handling a wide range of products enables us to respond quickly and efficiently to your needs. CUSTOM SYNTHESIS We offer flexible custom manufacturing services with the assurance of quality and confidentiality.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • Table 4: Protective Action Criteria (PAC) Rev. 29 Based on Applicable
    Table 4: Protective Action Criteria (PAC) Rev. 29a based on applicable 60-minute AEGLs, ERPGs, or TEELs. The chemicals are 3 listed in alphabetical order and the values are presented in mg/m . June 2018 Table 4 is an alphabetical list of the chemical substances and their corresponding PAC values in mass per unit volume (mg/m3). The conversion of ppm to mg/m3 was carried out assuming normal temperature and pressure, 25°C and 760 mm Hg. The columns presented in Table 4 provide the following information: Heading Definition No. The ordered numbering of the chemicals as they appear in this alphabetical listing Chemical Name The name of the chemical substance submitted to the PAC development team CASRN The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number1 for this chemical PAC-1 Based on the applicable AEGL-1, ERPG-1, or TEEL-1 value PAC-2 Based on the applicable AEGL-2, ERPG-2, or TEEL-2 value PAC-3 Based on the applicable AEGL-3, ERPG-3, or TEEL-3 value Chemicals for which AEGLs are available have their chemical name, CASRN, and AEGL values displayed in a bolded and larger font. Chemicals for which ERPGs are available, but not AEGLs, have their chemical name, CASRN, and ERPG values displayed in a bolded font. Chemicals for which TEELs are available, but no AEGLs or ERPGs, have their chemical name, CASRN, and values displayed using a regular font. Additional information on PAC values and TEEL values and links to other sources of information is provided on the Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA) webpage at http://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/default.htm.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Waste Management Guidebook
    Hazardous Waste Management Guidebook FOR UNIVERSTIY AT BUFFALO CAMPUS LABORATORIES Prepared By Environment, Health & Safety Services 220 Winspear Avenue Buffalo, NY 14215 Phone: 716-829-3301 Web: www.ehs.buffalo.edu UB EH&S Hazardous Waste Management Guidebook Table of Contents 1.0 PURPOSE ........................................................................................... 3 2.0 SCOPE ............................................................................................... 4 3.0 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................... 4 4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................... 5 4.1 EH&S ................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Faculty, Staff, and Students ............................................................. 5 5.0 PROCEDURES ....................................................................................... 6 5.1 Hazardous Waste Determination ................................................... 6 5.1.1 Characteristic Hazardous Wastes .......................................... 7 5.1.2 Listed Hazardous Wastes ........................................................ 9 5.2 Satellite Accumulation of Hazardous Waste ............................ 9 5.2.1 Accumulation Areas ............................................................. 10 5.2.2 Requirements for Hazardous Waste Containers ................ 10 5.2.3 Segregation of Hazardous Wastes .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 33 / No. 1-4 / 2012
    The Journal of Gemmology2012 / Volume 33 / Nos. 1/4 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain The Journal of Gemmology / 2012 / Volume 33 / No. 1–4 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain 27 Greville Street, London EC1N 8TN, UK T: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 E: [email protected] W: www.gem-a.com Registered Charity No. 1109555 Registered office: Palladium House, 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD President: H. Levy Vice-Presidents: D. J. Callaghan, A. T. Collins, N. W. Deeks, E. A. Jobbins, M. J. O’Donoghue Honorary Life Members: A. J. Allnutt, H. Bank, T. M. J. Davidson, P. R. Dwyer-Hickey, G. M. Green, R. R. Harding, J. S. Harris, J. A. W. Hodgkinson, J. I. Koivula, C. M. Ou Yang, E. Stern, I. Thomson, V. P. Watson, C. H. Winter Chief Executive Officer: J. H. Riley Council: C. J. E. Oldershaw – Chairman, M. A. Burland, S. J. C. Collins, P. F. Greer, N. B. Israel, B. Jackson, A. H. Rankin, R. M. Slater, M. E. J. Wells, S. Whittaker, J. F. Williams Branch Chairmen: Midlands – P. Phillips, North East – M. Houghton, South East – V. Wetten, South West – R. M. Slater The Journal of Gemmology Acting Editor: Dr R. R. Harding Assistant Editor: M. J. O’Donoghue Associate Editors: Dr A. J. Allnutt (Chislehurst), Dr C. E. S. Arps (Leiden), Prof. A. T. Collins (London), J. Finlayson (Stoke-on-Trent), Dr J. W. Harris (Glasgow), E. A. Jobbins (Caterham), Dr J. M. Ogden (London), Prof. A. H. Rankin (Kingston upon Thames), Dr K.
    [Show full text]
  • Database Full Listing
    16-Nov-06 OLI Data Base Listings for ESP version 7.0.46, Analyzers 2.0.46 and all current alliance products Data Base OLI Tag (ESP) Name IUPAC Name Formula CAS Registry Number Molecular Weight ALLOY AL2U 2-Aluminum uranium Al2U 291.98999 ALLOY AL3TH 3-Aluminum thorium Al3Th 312.982727 ALLOY AL3TI 3-Aluminum titanium Al3Ti 128.824615 ALLOY AL3U 3-Aluminum uranium Al3U 318.971527 ALLOY AL4U 4-Aluminum uranium Al4U 345.953064 ALLOY ALSB Aluminum antimony AlSb 148.731537 ALLOY ALTI Aluminum titanium AlTi 74.861542 ALLOY ALTI3 Aluminum 3-titanium AlTi3 170.621536 ALLOY AUCD Gold cadmium AuCd 309.376495 ALLOY AUCU Gold copper AuCu 260.512512 ALLOY AUCU3 Gold 3-copper AuCu3 387.604492 ALLOY AUSN Gold tin AuSn 315.676514 ALLOY AUSN2 Gold 2-tin AuSn2 434.386505 ALLOY AUSN4 Gold 4-tin AuSn4 671.806519 ALLOY BA2SN 2-Barium tin Ba2Sn 393.369995 ALLOY BI2U 2-Bismuth uranium Bi2U 655.987671 ALLOY BI4U3 4-Bismuth 3-uranium Bi4U3 1550.002319 ALLOY BIU Bismuth uranium BiU 447.007294 ALLOY CA2PB 2-Calcium lead Ca2Pb 287.355988 ALLOY CA2SI 2-Calcium silicon Ca2Si 108.241501 ALLOY CA2SN 2-Calcium tin Ca2Sn 198.865997 ALLOY CA3SB2 3-Calcium 2-antimony Ca3Sb2 363.734009 ALLOY CAMG2 Calcium 2-magnesium CaMg2 88.688004 ALLOY CAPB Calcium lead CaPb 247.278 ALLOY CASI Calcium silicon CaSi 68.163498 ALLOY CASI2 Calcium 2-silicon CaSi2 96.249001 ALLOY CASN Calcium tin CaSn 158.787994 ALLOY CAZN Calcium zinc CaZn 105.468002 ALLOY CAZN2 Calcium 2-zinc CaZn2 170.858002 ALLOY CD11U 11-Cadmium uranium Cd11U 1474.536865 ALLOY CD3AS2 3-Cadmium 2-arsenic As2Cd3 487.073212
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,430,942 B1 Cummins (45) Date of Patent: Aug
    USOO6430942B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,430,942 B1 Cummins (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 13, 2002 (54) INHIBITOR REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM 5,846,450 A 12/1998 Atkinson ..................... 252/69 6,004,475 A 12/1999 Verma et al. ................. 252/69 (75) Inventor: Charles G. Cummins, Canastota, NY 6,033,595 A * 3/2000 Verma et al. ... ... 252/69 (US) 6,083,416 A * 7/2000 Verma et al. ... ... 252/69 6,177,025 B1 * 1/2001 Ring et al. ...... ... 252/69 (73) ASSignee: style Corporation, Syracuse, NY 6.279,3426,267,908 B1 * 8/20017/2001 MabuchiVerma et etal. al. ....... .............. ... 62/476252/69 * cited by examiner (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this - - - - patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Primary Examiner William C. Doerrler U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. ASSistant Examiner Mark Shulman (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Wall Marjama & Bilinski (21) Appl. No.: 09/703,116 LLP (22) Filed: Oct. 31, 2000 (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl." ................................................. F25B 15/00 An on line corrosion replenishment System for use in an (52) ... 62/112; 62/476 absorption cooling unit which includes an evaporator means, (58) Field of Search 62/476, 112 an absorber means, a generator means and a condenser - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s means which are interconnected to provide an absorption (56) References Cited cycle in which a lithium bromide solution is circulated through Said unit through a Series of interconnected flow U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS lines and pumps. A Source of time release corrosion inhibitor is connected to one of Said flow lines to Selectively release 5,186,009 A : 2/1993 Rockerfeller ...............
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Geological Survey Program on Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination: Proceedings of the Third Technical Meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987
    U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROGRAM ON TOXIC WASTE GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD TECHNICAL MEETING, PENSACOLA, FLORIDA, MARCH 23-27, 1987 By Bernard J. Franks, Editor U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 87-109 Tallahassee, Florida 1987 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: Coordinator, Toxic Waste U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Contamination Books and Open-File Reports Section Program Federal Center U.S. Geological Survey Box 25425 410 National Center Denver, Colorado 80225 Reston, Virginia 22092 FOREWORD This is the third technical meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program since the program's incep­ tion in fiscal year 1982. Over these years the meetings (in Tucson, Ariz., in March 1984; in Cape Cod, Mass., in October 1985; and now here in Pensacola, Fla., in 1987) serve to mirror the development of the program as a technical strategy for studying the effect of human activity on the Nation's ground-water resources. It was perceived at the beginning of the program that no single scien­ tific discipline or approach would succeed in the study of the interaction between mixtures of manmade organic and inorganic chemicals and the multi­ phase and multicomponent systems found in nature. The strategy that was formulated to address so complex an issue was to provide the opportunity for researchers from a variety of scientific disciplines to work at field sites where ground-water contamination had occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 1: Chemicals of Concern and Associated Chemical Information
    Table 1: Chemicals of Concern and Associated Chemical Information. PACs Rev. 29a, June 2018 Table 1 is an alphabetical list of the chemical substances, their Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers (CASRNs)1, and pertinent physical constants. Future reviews will result in continuous updates to these data. There are also columns that provide the date of the original derivation of the PAC values, the date of the last technical review of the data used for deriving the PAC values, and the date of the last revision of the data used to derive the PAC values. The information presented in this table is derived from various sources including: . The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Lide, D. R. (Ed.) (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CD Rom (90th Edition-2010 Version). Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) The HSDB is “comprehensive, peer-reviewed toxicology data for about 5,000 chemicals” and it is accessible online at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB. The Merck Index O’Neil, M. J. (Ed.) (2006). Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (14th edition). Merck Research Laboratories. Whitehouse Station, NJ. SAX Lewis, R. J., Sr. (2012). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (12th Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Sometimes data on physicochemical properties vary among sources. As the physical constants presented in this table are obtained from published sources, users are advised to consult trusted references to verify the accuracy of the information. Information on PAC values and Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) and links to other sources of information are provided on the Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA) webpage at http://orise.orau.gov/emi/scapa/default.htm provided in Table 1 is described below; it covers two pages.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium in Nature, Application, Methods of Extraction (Review)
    Journal “Scientific Israel- Technological Advantages" Vol.18, № 3, 2016 LITHIUM IN NATURE, APPLICATION, METHODS OF EXTRACTION (REVIEW) P. Kudryavtsev Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel [email protected] ABSTRACT The present review is dedicated to the world's lithium resources, and application areas of lithium and its compounds in everyday life and technology. Lithium is the lightest representative in the group of alkali metals. In its geochemical properties lithium refers to a group of lithophilic elements. Lithium is found in more than 150 minerals, although only 28 lithium minerals per se are known. Many of them are extremely rare. The main lithium minerals are the following: amblygonite, lepidolite, petalite, spodumene, zinnwaldite and Jadar. A review of the world's largest lithium deposits, made the analysis of its global production and reserves. Deposits of lithium are known in Chile, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, United States, Argentina, Congo, Lake Chabyer in China, Brazil, Serbia, and Australia. The estimates of reserves were made on the basis of information received from government and industry sources. Separately was presented analysis of the resources and reserves of lithium in the associated petroleum waters of Russia. It also shows that a large source of lithium is the Dead Sea in Israel. Due to the market development of lithium power sources, the most promising lithium resource is secondary resources. The necessity of creation of processes for recycling of spent lithium power sources. In connection with rapid growth in lithium consumption, it is very urgent task of lithium extracting, and receive it in the form of salts, and metal.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report for the Substantial Modification Rule for 62-730, F.A.C
    Technical Report for the Substantial Modification Rule for 62-730, F.A.C. Prepared for the Hazardous Waste Regulation Section Florida Department of Environmental Protection By Kendra F. Goff, Ph. D. Stephen M. Roberts, Ph.D. Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology University of Florida Gainesville, Florida August 1, 2008 During an adverse event, such as a fire or explosion, hazardous materials from a storage or transfer facility may be released into the atmosphere. The potential human health impacts of such a release are assessed through air modeling coupled with chemical-specific inhalation criteria for short-term exposures. With this approach, distances from the facility over which differing levels of health effects from inhalation of airborne hazardous materials are expected can be predicted. Because the movement in air and toxic potency varies among chemicals, the potential impact area for a facility is dependent upon the chemicals present and their quantities. The impact area can be calculated for a facility under current and possible future conditions. This information can be used to determine whether proposed changes in storage conditions or the nature and quantities of chemicals handled would result in a substantial difference in the area of potential impact. The following sections provide technical guidance on how impact areas for facilities handling hazardous materials under Chapter 62-730, F.A.C. should be determined. Air modeling. Any model used for the purposes of demonstration must be capable of producing results in accordance with worst-case scenario provisions of Program 3 of the Accidental Release Prevention Program of s. 112(r)(7) of the Clean Air Act.
    [Show full text]