75 Fonologi Isolek Non-Austronesia Di Pulau

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75 Fonologi Isolek Non-Austronesia Di Pulau Cerpen Indonesia 8 (Edisi Khusus FONOLOGI ISOLEK NON-AUSTRONESIA DI PULAU MOROTAI Kongres Cerpen). Jakarta: Yayasan Akar. Danandjaja, James. 1994. Folklor Indonesia: THE PHONOLOGY OF NON-AUSTRONESIAN ISOLECT IN Ilmu Gosip, Dongeng, dan lain-lain. MOROTAI ISLAND Jakarta: Grafiti. Danardana, Agus Sri (Ed.). 2011. Ensiklopedia Marwia Hi. Ibrahim Sastra Riau. Pekanbaru: Palagan Press. Dosen Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ternate Effendy,Tenas. 2004. Tunjuk Ajar Melayu: Ponsel: 085228842947, Pos-el: [email protected] Butir-butir Budaya Melayu Riau. Yogyakarta: Balai Kajian dan Abstrak Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. Penduduk di bagian selatan Pulau Morotai menuturkan isolek yang mirip dengan bahasa Galela, Fitriana, Yulita, dkk. 2013. Folklor Suku dan sebagian lainnya di bagian utara pulau ini berbahasa Tobelo, di samping itu Desa Pilowo dan Bonai. Pekanbaru: Palagan Press. Waringin berbahasa Gorap, sebagian kecil lainnya berbahasa Sangir. Penelitian ini bertujuan Madjid, Bakhtiar. 2009. “Revitalisasi Tradisi untuk menjelaskan (1) deskripsi fonologi isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai. (2) Proses Lisan Dola Bololo dalam Masyarakat morfofonemik isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai. Terdapat tiga desa yang dijadikan titik Kesultanan Ternate: Sebuah Kajian pengamatan, yaitu Desa Daeo di Kecamatan Morotai Selatan, Desa Sangowo dan Desa Mira di Budaya” (Tesis). Bali: Program Studi Kecamatan Morotai Timur. Setiap titik pengamatan terdiri atas tiga informan. Penjaringan data Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana. kebahasaan digunakan Daftar Swadesh. Penyediaan data digunakan metode cakap dan metode Pilliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang simak beserta teknik-tekniknya, seperti teknik cakap semuka, teknik catat dan teknik rekam, juga Dilipat: Tamasya Melampaui Batas- teknik sadap. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode padan intralingual. Hasil penelitian batas Kebudayaan, Bandung: Jalasutra. ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai memiliki lima bunyi vokal: Pora, Syahyunan. 2014. “Tinjauan Filosofis /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, dan /u/; 15 bunyi diftong /ia/, /ao/, /uo/, /ou/, /eo/, /ae/, /oi/, /au/, /io/, /oa/, /ue/, /iu/, Kearifan Lokal Sastra Lisan Ternate”. /ai/, /ui/, dan /ua/; dan 21 bunyi konsonan: /p/, /t/, /k/, /Ɂ/, /b/, /ʤ/, /d/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /r/, /f/, Dalam Jurnal Uniera Volume 3 Nomor 1, /s/, /j/, /h/, /ʧ/, /l/, /w/, /y/. (2) Proses morfofonemik pada isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau ISSN 2086-0404. Morotai terjadi karena adanya proses afiksasi. Wardhana, Wisnoe. 1990. Pendidikan Seni Tari. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Kata kunci: fonologi, morfofonemik, isolek non-Austronesia, Pulau Morotai Nasional. Zaidan, Abdul Razak dan Anita K. Rustapa. Abstract 1994. Kamus Istilah Sastra. Jakarta: PT The people in the southern part of Morotai Island speak a similar isolect with Galela language, Balai Pustaka. and the others in the northern part of the island speak Tobelo language. In addition, the people of Pilowo and Waringin Village speak Gorap language, while the small member of people use Sangir language. This research aims to explain (1) a description of non-Austronesian isolect in Morotai Island. (2) The morphophonemic process of non-Austronesian isolect in Morotai Island. In this research, there are three villages selected as observation points, i.e. Daeo Village in the District of South Morotai, Sangowo and Mira Village in the District of East Morotai. In each point of observation consists of three informants. The elicitation of linguistic data were used Swadesh wordlist. The provision of data were used interview and comprehension methods through face to face interview, note taking, and recording as well as intercepting technique. The data were analyzed by applying intralingual correspondence method. The results of this study suggest that (1) The non-Austronesian isolect in Morotai Island has five vowel sounds: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/; 15 diphtong sounds: /ia/, /ao/, /uo/, /ou/, /eo/, /ae/, /oi/, /au/, /io/, /oa/, /ue/, /iu/, /ai/, /ui/, and /ua/; and 21 consonant sounds: /p/, /t/, /k/, /Ɂ/, /b/, /ʤ/, /d/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /r/, /f/, /s/, /j/, /h/, /ʧ/, /l/, /w/, and /y/. (2) The morpho-phonemic processes of the non-Austronesian isolect in Morotai Island occur due to affixation process. Keywords: phonology, morpho-phonemic, non-Austronesia isolect, Morotai Island Marwia Hi. Ibrahim, Fonologi Isolek Non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai 74 7575 1. Pendahuluan misalnya Jawa dan lain-lain, maka mereka Morotai adalah sebuah pulau yang terdiri dari akan berusaha menggunakan bahasa Indonesia lima Kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Morotai sebagai bahasa perantara. Di sekolah atau di Selatan, Morotai Utara, Morotai Timur, kantor-kantor pemerintahan mereka berusaha Morotai Selatan Barat dan Morotai Jaya. mengunakan bahasa Indonesia yang benar, Kelima Kecamatan ini sebelumnya berada namun jika diamati masih terpengaruh bahasa dalam wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, Melayu atau bahasa daerah setempat. dan sekarang telah dimekarkan menjadi Di desa-desa yang jauh dari kota, selain Kabupaten Morotai. orang dewasa, anak-anak juga menggunakan Masyarakat yang mendiami Pulau Morotai bahasa daerahnya, walaupun diselingi dengan termasuk masyarakat multilingual, di mana kata-kata Melayu/Indonesia, begitu pula mereka menggunakan bahasa Galela, bahasa sebaliknya, jika ada orang asing yang datang Tobelo (salah satu bahasa non Austronesia mereka akan berbahasa Melayu/Indonesia, yang ada di Halmahera Utara) dan bahasa tetapi selalu juga diselingi dengan kosa kata Gorap (bahasa Austronesia yang ada di daerahnya. Kita akan kesulitan untuk Halmahera Timur) yang dituturkan di Desa menemukan orang-orang yang hanya Pilowo dan Desa Waringin, berbahasa Ternate menguasai bahasa daerahnya saja. Orang yang dengan intonasi seperti bahasa Tobelo paling tua umurnya pun menguasai bahasa digunakan di Pulau Kolorai, berbahasa Sangir Melayu/Indonesia di samping bahasa di Pulau Rau dan Darame, dan berbahasa Bugis daerahnya. Khususnya di Daruba, generasi di Desa Cocomare. Sedangkan bahasa Melayu mudanya jarang yang berbahasa daerah, Pasar digunakan sebagai lingua franca dalam kebanyakan berbahasa Melayu atau Indonesia. berinteraksi antar penutur yang berlainan Ada pula kosakata-kosakat tertentu yang sudah bahasa. tidak digunakan atau juga tidak dipahami oleh Dalam kondisi masyarakat yang mereka, misalnya mereka lebih memahami multilingual ini, penduduk Morotai tidak kata sosakahi ‘tempat memasak/dapur’dari menyebut bahasanya dengan “Bahasa pada kata hito ‘dapur’. Morotai”, tetapi tetap menyebutnya bahasa Keadaan multilingual atau bilingual terjadi Galela, Tobelo atau Gorap. Namun seperti di seluruh Maluku Utara, khususnya di pulau yang dikemukakan oleh Voorhoeve (1983:17), Morotai ini. Hal ini terjadi, mungkin karena tidak mungkin jika tidak terdapat perbedaan daerah Maluku Utara berpenduduk multietnis, variasi, apalagi secara geografis Morotai dan sehingga setiap orang tidak akan menggunakan Galela adalah dua wilayah yang berjauhan bahasa ibunya ketika berhubungan dengan yang dibatasi oleh lautan. orang dari etnis yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu Sebagian besar penduduk di bagian setiap orang yang ditemui akan menguasai selatan pulau ini menuturkan isolek yang mirip minimal tiga bahasa, yaitu bahasa ibunya, dengan bahasa Galela, dan sebagian lainnya di bahasa Melayu sehari-hari dan bahasa bagian utara pulau ini berbahasa Tobelo, di Indonesia. Ada juga orang yang menguasai samping itu desa Pilowo dan Waringin bahasa daerah lainnya seperti bahasa Ternate, berbahasa Gorap, sebagian kecil lainnya Tidore, Makian, atau yang lainnya. Ada pula berbahasa Sangir. Sehari-hari ketika anak-anak yang tidak menguasai bahasa berkomunikasi dengan keluarga atau dengan daerahnya dan hanya menuturkan bahasa orang lain mereka berbicara dengan bahasa Melayu atau Indonesia saja, karena orang tua daerah yang mereka pahami bersama. Jika mereka dari etnis yang berbeda. bukan dari penututr yang sama tetapi masih Kebanyakan penduduk di Morotai dan dari wilyah Maluku Utara mereka akan Galela pada khususnya dan Maluku Utara menggunakan bahasa Melayu umumnya adalah bilingual dan ada yang Ternate/Halmahera. Sedangkan bila lawan multilingual, misalnya setiap orang di samping tuturnya di samping dari bahasa yang berbeda menggunakan bahasa ibunya, dia juga tetapi berasal dari luar daerah Maluku Utara, menggunakan bahasa Melayu Maluku Utara Gramatika, Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari—Juni 2017 7676 1. Pendahuluan misalnya Jawa dan lain-lain, maka mereka dengan orang berbeda suku (khusus untuk suku Moro tesebut dari Portugis, tetapi jika bahasa Morotai adalah sebuah pulau yang terdiri dari akan berusaha menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang berada di Maluku Utara), hal ini Moro dibandingkan dengan bahasa Portugis, lima Kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Morotai sebagai bahasa perantara. Di sekolah atau di dikarenakan banyaknya bahasa daerah di sekilas boleh dikatakan tidak sama, dan apabila Selatan, Morotai Utara, Morotai Timur, kantor-kantor pemerintahan mereka berusaha Maluku Utara, dan mereka akan berusaha dihubungkan dengan pendapat bahwa orang Morotai Selatan Barat dan Morotai Jaya. mengunakan bahasa Indonesia yang benar, berbahasa Indonesia yang benar dengan orang Moro berasal dari Jailolo, maka bahasa Moro Kelima Kecamatan ini sebelumnya berada namun jika diamati masih terpengaruh bahasa dari luar Maluku Utara (misalnya Jawa dll). yang kami peroleh itupun harus dibandingkan dalam wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, Melayu atau bahasa daerah setempat. Hal ini kemudian, terjadi
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