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Coxstdtb 1\Egruz1i SCRIERILE LIII COXSTDTB 1\EGRUZ1I ....,,..............."....,,,,,,WO,M VOLUMUL I. .......W.W.1.......,....,,,,,,,,,,,,, PECATELE TINERETELORU ------------------------.---"*-C-(ca?D1,' 4.....t...-...-...---------------,..-.." BUCURESCE LIBRARIA SOCECU & COMPANIA 7. CALLEA MOG01310AIEI, 7. 1872 BUCURESCI NOUA TYPOGRAPHIA A JABORATORILOR ROMANI. 19. STRADA ACADEMIEI, 19. 1872 INTRODUCERE LA SCRIERILE LUI CONSTANTIN NEGRUZZI I Pentru a judeca 0 a prqul meritul unm autor; trebue a cunoasce bine tirnpiil in care el a scris, gradul de cuIura a limbei. in care el a fost in, demnat a scrie,i dificultatile de totoiul prin tare genitil sea §i-a facut drum pentru ca seasa la lumina. Sa yedem dar in ce epoca C. Negruzzi a creat le Aprodul Purice.i pa Alecsanclru La- pupleanu, acest cap &opera de stil energic §i de pictura dramatica, in co epoca el a tradus en atitta maestrie balaclele lui V. Hugo §i a compus acea olectie do Pecate ale tineretilor ce stint de naturit ,..-../...,,,,,,VI a pune pe C. Negruzzi in pleiada de frunte a lite- ratorilor romani. A sosl pe lame intio tail libera §i civilisata este o mare favoare a soartei; a gasi in acea tara o limbit culla §i avuta pentru a-§i esprimO, ideile. §i simtirile, este un avautagiu imens pentru acei chemati a culege lauri pe campul inflorit al lite- raturei: Un geniu musical are facilitatea de a pro- duce efecte admirabile de armonie atunci and el poseda instrumento perfectionate; un cultivator har- nic §i priceput are posibilitate a produce manoase recolte pe locuri deschise ce au fost nu de muIt a- coperite en paduri spinoase; ans6 daca meritele a- celui music §i ale acelui cultivator sunt demne de- lauda, nu se cuvine oare cununa de lauri acelui care a inventat §i perfectionat instrumentele ar- moniei, nu se cuvine un respect plin de recuno- Bch*, curagiosului pionier care a abatut padurile, selbaticeia pregatit pam6ntul pentru holdele, viitorului7 Demnul de mill regretare C. Negruzzi, afost unul din acei pionieri literari din Romania, care. a inzestrat patria lui ea produceri atat mai pre- tioase ca ele au fostu rodul unui timp contrara desvoltarii spiritului. Yu Eat& unu tablou fidel al timpului in care C. Ne- gruzzi a vietuit, aluptat, aprodus. El va pare, fabulos in ochii oamenilor tineri din generatia at- tuala, Ans6 multi sunt an0 in viata care il vor recunoasce 04 vor declara exact. AceI tablou arata societatea semi-orientala in care C. Negruzzi s'a gasit ratacit chiar la primi pa§i ai junetei sale, el ce avea o inima ferbinte §i un spirit luminat de razele soarelui occidental. II In capul guvernului un Domn qit din mon- struasa impreunare a suzeranitatei Turcesci cu protectorul Itusesc, un soiu de pa§1 purtAnd chi- vera moscaleasca, puternic,despoticu,despun6nd de profunda supunere a locuitorilor terii, incunju- rat de o temere respectuoasa, §i insu§i tremurand dinaintea unui firwan din Constaatinopoli, tremu- rand mai mult dinaintea unei simple note din Pe- tersburg, tremurand and §i mai mult dinaintea im- paratescului consul al MaiestAtei Sale Neculai Pa- vlovici. Acel Domn, de0 infaptpro forma in pelni- cile Reglementnlui Organicu, de§i fata cu o putere legiuitoare numita : Oyeasca obicinuild Adunare, VIII seingma cu un arbor mehanic de la care atitrnau toate ramurile administrative, financiare, judecgto-- resci §i chiar bisericesci, ramuri destinate a hrani trunchiul prin sucuI ce absorbeau din vinelo terii. El facea §i desfacea Mitropoliti i Episcopi dupg, euviinta sa; El numea functionarii Statului pe ter- men de trei ani in care ace§tia aveau tacit invoirea de a se imbogatl prin ati-ce mijloace, El da ulti- mul veto in materie de procesuri; El era censorul arbitrar a ori-co produceri intelectuale, a ofi ce.a- spirari liberale ; El prin urmare suspenda pentru eel mai mic pretest foile ce se incercan a respandl gustul literaturei, (presa politica fiind mgxginita numai in dare de sang, a balurilor de la curte §i a ceremoniilor din 4ioa Sf. Neculai). El in fine sta- vila sborul gandirii dupg, placul sou,§.i ades in- funda chiar pe gAnditori la o monastire, fara nici o forma de proces alta decal prin o simplg, porunca verbala data Agai de ora§. La picioarele tronuhti se in§ira treptat o boeri- me impgalitit in diferite clase. Clasa I, poreclitg, grecesce Protipenda, fiind-cg, era compusg, de cinci ranguri inalte:Logofeti mari, Yornici, Hatmani, Postelnici 0 Agi, care sin- guri aveau dreptul de a purta barbe. Ea forma o IX bogatg oligarchie de cgte-va familii Greco-Romgne co-0 atribuise de la sine calificarea de aristocra- tic), califieare ne bazatg, nici pe fapte gloriOse, nici pa mo§tenirea titlurilor ca la celelalte corpuri aristo- crate din Europa occidoutalg. Totu0 in acea chg. 0 numai in sinul ei Domnul alegea Consilierii sei 0 functionarii mari ai Statului. Astfel Mini§trii, Pre- §edintii Divanului Domnesc, Genera lii militiei,-etc., nu paean fi alti boori.decgt numai acei din Proti- penda,i chiar tiuerele odrasle din tulpina evghe- nista' papau triumfal poste toate treptele ierarhiei pentru ca deadreptul sA intro in posturile de Is- pravnici 0 do Vornici de Aprozi. 1 Clasa II, formatg, de ranguri secundare, precum : Spatari, Bani, Comi0, Paharnici,etc., era mult mai numeroasg, Anse totodatg §i mgrginitg, in aspi- rgrile ambitiei sale. Din corpul ei in adev6r e§eau diacii de Vistirie(1) cei mai iscusiti, cei mai cu bun condeiu, 1ns6 rare-ori, chiar dupg, multi ani de serviciu, un favorit al soartei parvenel a se furi§a in mandra Protipenda, 0 acolo sermanul era supus laupliciul lui Tantal. De0 acum era boeru cu barbl, de0 tolerat in ecpaeaoa privileghiaN (2), el (1) Functionarii Ministerului de Finn*. (2) Cuvgnt tureen ce insemneazil : patria. s tem zimbre priviqd cu jabla jilturile Ministe- riale, 'cad nu-i era permis sit aspire docat la mo- destul scaun de pf de masa sau celmalt _lascau- nul de Director de _Minister ! Clasa III, miluita Cu cinuri (ranguri) de Slu- geri,atrari, Medelniceri, Ftori-Vist, Ftori-Post, etc. era misina de Cinovnici, functionari subalterni, care umpleiu cancelariile si.inithjeau conturi groase de hartie vftntl cu docladuri, otnovnii, anaforale etc., scrise cu stove incalecate unele deasupra altora, cci pe atunce literele latine eran tot a§a de cono- scute in neamul latin a Romanilor cai hierogli- fele Egiptiane sau ca setnnele alfabetului Chinez. Clasa III, visa In splendoare!e boerilor claseiH, neput6nd inchipuirea ei sa se redice pana la inM- timea olimpica a clasei I,si isbutea din cand In cand a se acata de poalele antereilor boeresti. Dupa boerime, veneau breslele negustorilori a meseriasilor, lipsite de ori ce drept municipal, Ans6 foarte esploatate de functionarii Agieii Eforiei. Singura prerogativa ce le mai remasese cousista intru a presenta Domnului la anul nou o pane maze pisare. Aceste bresle au disparutu sub v6lu1 na- valitor al Jidovilor alungati din Itosia si din Au- stria. XI In fine se perdea in umbra, in parasire, in ig- noranta poporul!...popprul prbit boerescului, poporul pe capul carui toti erau stapani., toti: va- tavi, arendni, proprietari, slujitori, cengeri, tir- covnici, revisori, same§i, ispravnici, judecatori, Di- rectori, Mini§tri, Domn, Sultan §i ImOrat!... poporul supus la beilicuri, supus la biruri, supus la dare de fiecai la oasto, supus la batae cu biciul, supus la supliciul fumului prin temnite, .mus la toate capriciile crude a soartei, la toate miseriile morale §i fisice, plecat la toti, fie indigeni sau stn. ini, sAracit, injosit, coprins de groaza din copilitrie piing la moarte, §i neaparat de lege nici macar in contra crimelor ! Ear dupa acel popor Roman, in fundul tabloului rittacea un neam de origina strainl, cl4ut In ro- bie, gol, nomad, batjocorit, despretuit: Tiganiinu- mera0 pe suflete, proprietate monstruoasa a statu-, lui, a boerilori cbiar a sfintei Biserici, ingenun- chiati sub biciul plumbuit al Nazirului, v6nduti la mezatu ca pc) vite, despartiti cu violinta de pa- rintiii de copii kr, schingiuiti crunt de unii pro- prietari ce se intitulau cre§tini cu frica lui Dum- naleu, pu§i in obezi, in sgarde de fer cu coarne purtand zurgahti!. ..Tiganii asupra carora pu, "XII .....".."...-----......,.., ternicii 4ilei esercitau dreptul arbitrar de viata kti de moarte; Tiganii care representau spectacolul in- fiorator al schtviei negre, precum teranii Romani representau §erbirea alba! §i intro clasele privilegiate §i intru acele des- mo§tenite un cler ignorant, superstitios, ingrapt tu mama averilor monastire§ti, aplecat mai mult la placerile lume0i decat la smerenia apostoleasca; un der care in loc de'a Ulla sit apropie turmele in- tre ele prin. cuvinte de fratie, in loc de a exercita un sacerdotiu sacru §i mangaitor, conform moralei lui Cristos, prefacuse sfantul potir in cupa de plit- core3.1. talgerul de nafora in disc de parale. A§a dar, in v6rfu1 scarii seiciale un Domn cu to- puzul in mana §i cu legea sub picioare; pe treptele acelei sari o boerime ghiftuita do privilegiuri, bu- curandu-se de toate drepturile, pana §i de ilegali- tati §i scutita de ori-ce indatorire cake tara; ala- ture en acea boerime im cler (1) a caruiefl, ye- niti de la Fanar §i din bizuniile muntelui Athos, se desfatau intr'o viata de lux trandava §i scanda- loasa; ear jos, in pulbere, o gloat!, cu cerbicea ple- (1) Vom detaqa din acest trist tablon itnagina Angereascit a Mitropolitului Veniamin, care a fost espresia cea mai pins& §1 vea mai fidelg a moralei crepine§ti. XIII cata sub toate sarcinile! sus, puterea egoista, jos. §erbireai miseria fad protectie,i totul mi§can- du-se intio a tmosfora neguroasit de ignoranta, de superstitii, de pretentii, de lacomie 0 de frid. Ill Dupa aceasta rapide ochire asupra intregului ta- blou, sa examinam acum, unele parti in detaiupi st studiam tara in privirea morala, socialai into- lectualit.
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