A Note on the Terminology: I Use “Brick” to Refer to Flat Building Units
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CHERSONESUS MUSEUM M.I. ZOLOTAREV (Sevastopol) Abstract
CHERSONESUS MUSEUM M.I. ZOLOTAREV (Sevastopol) Abstract The first excavations of the ancient Greek and Byzatine city of Chersonesus in the Crimea occurred episodically after the 1820s, but in 1888 a full research program was initiated under the aegis of the Imperial Archaeological Commission. By the time after the Second World War much of the ancient city had been excavated, and investigation began of the Chersonesian chora and the Archaic settlement underlying the Doric city. In 1892 a small site museum was established which in 1924 took over apartments in the Monastery of Chersonesus and establish- ed the first exhibition of excavation finds. The Museum collections, some of which have now been published, contain over 120,000 items, including a unique collection of over 400 local grave monuments. The State Historico-Archaeological Preserve of Chersonesus in modern Sevastopol in the Crimea embraces the territory of the ancient Greek and Byzantine city of Chersonesus. The history of its archaeological investigation covers about one and a half centuries, the first excavations dating back to the first decades of the 19th century. Those were undertaken by several intellec- tuals from among the officers of the Black Sea navy. In 1827 by order of Admiral S. Greig, the commander of the Black Sea squadron, Lieutenant von Kruse excavated several Byzantine monuments in Chersonesus. That was done to commemorate the conversion of Russia to Christianity in 988. From then until 1888 all archaeological works carried out in Chersonesus were merely episodic. We should mention, however, the excavations of 1854 under- taken by Count A.S. -
Abstracts-Booklet-Lamp-Symposium-1
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses XI Ancient terracotta lamps from Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean to Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond. Comparative lychnological studies in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire and peripheral areas. An international symposium May 16-17, 2019 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Laurent Chrzanovski Last update: 20/05/2019. Izmir, 2019 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium Logo illustration: An early Byzantine terracotta lamp from Alata in Cilicia; museum of Mersin (B. Gürler, 2004). 1 This symposium is dedicated to Professor Hugo Thoen (Ghent / Deinze) who contributed to Anatolian archaeology with his excavations in Pessinus. 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to the ancient lychnological studies in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the symposium...................................6-12. Program of the international symposium on ancient lamps in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond..........................................................................................................................................12-15. Abstracts……………………………………...................................................................................16-67. Constantin -
Kron Food Production Docx
Supplementary Material 8 FOOD PRODUCTION (Expanded Version) Geoffrey Kron INTRODUCTION Although it would be attractive to offer a survey of agriculture throughout the ancient Mediterranean, the Near East, and those regions of temperate Europe, which were eventually incorporated into the Roman empire, I intend to concentrate primarily upon the best attested and most productive farming regime, that of Augustan Italy, 1 which was broadly comparable in its high level of intensification and agronomic sophistication with that of Greece, Western Asia Minor, North Africa, Baetica and Eastern Tarraconensis. Within the highly urbanized and affluent heartland of the Roman empire, our sources and archaeological evidence present a coherent picture of market-oriented intensive mixed farming, viticulture, arboriculture and market gardening, comparable, and often superior, in its productivity and agronomic expertise to the best agricultural practice of England, the Low Countries, France (wine), and Northern Italy in the mid 19th century. Greco- Roman farmers supplied a large urban population equal to, if not significantly greater than, that of early 19th century Italy and Greece, with a diet rich, not just in cereals, but in meat, wine, olive oil, fish, condiments, fresh fruit and vegetables. Anthropometric evidence of mean heights, derived from skeletal remains, reveal that protein and calorie malnutrition, caused by an insufficient diet based overwhelmingly on cereals, was very acute throughout 18th and 19th century Western Europe, and drove the mean -
Landscape Change and Trade in Ancient Greece
LANDSCAPE CHANGE AND TRADE IN ANCIENT GREECE: EVIDENCE FROM POLLEN DATA ADAM IZDEBSKI TYMON SŁOCZYNSKI´ ANTON BONNIER GRZEGORZ KOLOCH KATERINA KOULI Abstract In this paper we use pollen data from six sites in southern Greece to study long-term vegetation change in this region from 1000 BCE to 600 CE. Based on insights from environmental history, we interpret our estimated trends in the regional presence of cereal, olive, and vine pollen as proxies for structural changes in agricultural production. We present evidence that there was a mar- ket economy in ancient Greece and a major trade expansion several centuries before the Roman conquest. Our results are consistent with auxiliary data on settlement dynamics, shipwrecks, and ancient oil and wine presses. JEL Classification: C81, F14, N53, N73, Q17 Keywords: agricultural production, ancient Greece, environmental history, market integration, pollen data, trade Corresponding author: Tymon Słoczy´nski,Department of Economics & International Business School, Brandeis University, MS 021, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Email: [email protected] This version: December 11, 2019. For helpful comments, we thank Hans-Joachim Voth (editor), three anonymous referees, Shameel Ahmad, Stephen Cecchetti, Alan Dye, Simon Fuchs, George Hall, Robert Hunt, Michael McCormick, John Murray, Aldo Musacchio, Steven Nafziger, ¸SevketPamuk, Davide Pet- tenuzzo, Pedro Sant’Anna, Peter Temin, Taco Terpstra, members of the PELOPS group, seminar participants at Brandeis, Harvard, LSE, and Northwestern, and conference participants at the ‘Human-Environment Dynamics in the Peloponnese and Beyond: Ideas–Methods–Results’ conference, American School of Clas- sical Studies at Athens, 2017; the EHES conference, University of Tübingen, 2017; the Liberal Arts Colleges Economic History Workshop, Mount Holyoke College, 2018; the NBER Summer Institute, 2018; the World Economic History Congress, Boston, 2018; and the AEA Annual Meeting, Atlanta, 2019. -
Siegfried Found: Decoding the Nibelungen Period
1 Gunnar Heinsohn (Gdańsk, February 2018) SIEGFRIED FOUND: DECODING THE NIBELUNGEN PERIOD CONTENTS I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? 2 II Siegfried the Dragon Slayer and the Dragon Legion of Victorinus 12 III Time of the Nibelungen. How many migration periods occurred in the 1st millennium? Who was Clovis, first King of France? 20 IV Results 34 V Bibliography 40 Acknowledgements 41 VICTORINUS (coin portrait) 2 I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? The mythical figure of Siegfried from Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana), the greatest hero of the Germanic and Nordic sagas, is based on the real Gallic emperor Victorinus (meaning “the victorious”), whose name can be translated into Siegfried (Sigurd etc.), which means “victorious” in German and the Scandinavian languages. The reign of Victorinus is conventionally dated 269-271 AD. He is one of the leaders of the so-called Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum; 260-274 AD), mostly known from Historia Augusta (Thayer 2018), Epitome de Caesaribus of Aurelius Victor (Banchich 2009), and the Breviarum of Eutropius (Watson 1886). The capital city of this empire was Cologne, 80 km south of Xanten. Trier and Lyon were additional administrative centers. This sub-kingdom tried to defend the western part of the Roman Empire against invaders who were taking advantage of the so-called Crisis of the Third Century, which mysteriously lasted exactly 50 years (234 to 284 AD). Yet, the Gallic Empire also had separatist tendencies and sought to become independent from Rome. The bold claim of Victorinus = Siegfried was put forward, in 1841, by A. -
Xantener Berichte 23
XANTENER BERICHTE Band 23 XANTENER BERICHTE LEGIO XXX ULPIA VICTRIX Grabung – Forschung – Präsentation Ihre Geschichte, ihre Soldaten, ihre Denkmäler herausgegeben von Martin Müller Marcus Reuter E ine Veröffentlichung des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland LV R-Archäologischer Park Xanten / LVR-RömerMuseum VERLAG PHILIPP VoN ZABERN LEGIO XXX ULPIA VICTRIX Ihre Geschichte, ihre Soldaten, ihre Denkmäler Marcus Reuter VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN Bibliografische Informationen der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-8053-4586-6 LVR-Archäologischer Park Xanten LVR-RömerMuseum Alle Rechte vorbehalten Copyright Landschaftsverband Rheinland LVR-Archäologischer Park Xanten / LVR-RömerMuseum 2012 Redaktion: Linden Soft Verlag e. K., Aichwald Satz: www.comlay.de Druck: B.o.s.s Druck und Medien, Goch Printed in Germany Print kompensiert Id-Nr. 1113222 www.bvdm-online.de VRE LAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN · DARMSTADT / MAINZ I nhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • VII Vorwort • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • IX Danksagung • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • X Einleitung – Die römischen Legionen und die legio XXX Ulpia victrix als Forschungsgegenstand • • 1 1 Geschichte • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 1.1 Die Gründung der Legion unter Traian -
Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Ιστορική Περιοχή Chersonesus T
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Kovalenko Sergei (19/12/2007) Για παραπομπή : Kovalenko Sergei , "Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity)", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10741> Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity) Περίληψη : Chersonesos in the course of its history developed into one of the most important cities of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. It was also distinguished for being the only dorian colony in this area. The written testimony and unearthed epigraphies give information on the city's name, the date of its foundation as well as on population issues and its political organization. On the other hand, archaeological investigations have provided research with evidence concerning economy, religion and urban planning. Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Crimea, Ukraine. Ιστορική Περιοχή Heracleian Peninsula 1.1 Location The ancient city of Chersonesus is situated on the northern shore of Heracleian peninsula within the boundaries of the modern city of Sevastopol in the south‑western Crimea. It spread over the plateau between the modern bays of Karantinnaya and Pesochnaya. The square plateau is approximately 36 ha and its relief is formed by numerous dried ‑ up river‑beds. The Karantinnaya Bay served as the main harbor of Chersonesus. Its slightly sloping western shore was ideal for dockyards, particularly for repairing and drying up the ships. Chersonesusʹ location was a perfect choice from a military point of view. On the north and the east the city was defended by the sea and there were deep ravines separating Chersonesus from the mainland on the south and the west. Along the ridges of these very ravines the city fortification walls were constructed. -
Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective. -
Apoikia in the Black Sea: the History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods
University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2018 Apoikia in the Black Sea: The History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods Austin M. Wojkiewicz University of Central Florida Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the European History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Wojkiewicz, Austin M., "Apoikia in the Black Sea: The History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods" (2018). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 324. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/324 APOIKIA IN THE BLACK SEA: THE HISTORY OF HERACLEA PONTICA, SINOPE, AND TIOS IN THE ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL PERIODS by AUSTIN M. WOJKIEWICZ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in History in the College of Arts & Humanities and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, FL Spring Term, 2018 Thesis Chair: Edward Dandrow ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of local and dominant Network Systems on the socio- economic development of the southern Black Sea colonies: Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios during the Archaic and Classical Period. I argue that archeological and literary evidence indicate that local (populations such as the Mariandynoi, Syrians, Caucones, Paphlagonians, and Tibarenians) and dominant external (including: Miletus, Megara/Boeotia, Athens, and Persia) socio-economic Network systems developed and shaped these three colonies, and helped explain their role in the overarching Black Sea Network. -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The version of the following full text has not yet been defined or was untraceable and may differ from the publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/26435 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-06 and may be subject to change. ROMEINSE TROEPEN IN NIJMEGEN DOOR J.K. HAALEBOS De militaire geschiedenis van Nijmegen in de eerste twee eeuwen na Chr. is gecom pliceerd. De functie en de sterkte van de daar gelegerde troepen hebben gewisseld. In de midden-Augusteïsche tijd speelde de Hunerberg een rol in het offensief van Drusus (12-9 voor Chr.). Later zijn op het Kops Plateau en bij het Trajanusplein kleinere garnizoenen gelegerd die slechts beperkte taken kunnen hebben vervuld. Na de opstand der Bataven werd weer een legioen op de Hunerberg gestationeerd ter bewaking van de opnieuw onder Romeins gezag gebrachte bewoners van het Neder-Rijn-gebied. Het terrein bleef tot in de tweede helft van de 2e eeuw door kleinere afdelingen Romeinse troepen bezet. Sinds de stimulerende in 1967 verschenen studie van J.E. Bogaers over dit onderwerp is de samenstelling van de Nijmeegse garnizoenen niet meer uitvoerig besproken.1 Nieuwe epigrafische gegevens, gewijzigde inzichten in de structuur en het functioneren van het Romeinse leger en de toegenoinen kennis van de archeo logische overblijfselen maken een nieuw overzicht van de in Nijmegen gelegerde troepen gewenst. De voor-Flavische troepen Inleiding Onze kennis over de troepen die in de Julisch-Claudische tijd in Nijmegen gelegerd zijn geweest, is beperkt. -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
Warlords ALEXANDER
Warlords of ALEXANDER Epic Roleplaying Amid the Ruins of Alexander's Empire ~ For Chaosium's Basic Roleplaying Game ~ 2 ZOZER Game Designs Text © Paul Elliott 2004 Contributions by Tom Syvertsen (Alexander the Great), Romeo Reyes (Ptolemy I & II), Maximillian Cairduff and Kelley L. Ross (Antigonid History). Illustrations by Jonny Hodgson, Paul Elliott, David Hamilton 2004 2 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I ALEXANDER THE GREAT THE SUCCESSOR KINGDOMS DAILY LIFE CALENDAR PART II CREATING CHARACTERS GAME SYSTEM GODS, PHILOSOPHERS & MAGIC BUILDING A CAMPAIGN APPENDIX i - Names APPENDIX ii - References 3 4 INTRODUCTION “It is my belief that there was in those days no nation, no city, no individual beyond the reach of Alexander’s name; never in all the world was there another like him ...” Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander Centaur, dryad, griffin, gorgon - creatures like these litter the pages of most fantasy roleplaying games. Creatures from Greek myth. Of course, there are plenty of other entries that would fit nicely into a Greek campaign with a suitable name change: giants, passion spirits and so on. The great pull of roleplaying the ancient Greeks, however, is not the 'fit' of many monsters or races, but the unique and atmospheric society of the day. Nodding horse-hair crests, long-shadowed spears, many-columned temples of marble, triremes surging across turquoise seas guided by painted eyes on the prow, phalanxes of grim hoplites, unconformist philosophers debating science under shady colonnades ... classical Greece. WARLORDS OF ALEXANDER is a fantasy setting for Chaosium Inc.'s Basic Roleplaying Game. A gamemaster need only have a copy of Call of Cthulhu, Stormbringer, or Elric! to play.