CHERSONESUS MUSEUM M.I. ZOLOTAREV (Sevastopol) Abstract

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

CHERSONESUS MUSEUM M.I. ZOLOTAREV (Sevastopol) Abstract The first excavations of the ancient Greek and Byzatine city of Chersonesus in the Crimea occurred episodically after the 1820s, but in 1888 a full research program was initiated under the aegis of the Imperial Archaeological Commission. By the time after the Second World War much of the ancient city had been excavated, and investigation began of the Chersonesian chora and the Archaic settlement underlying the Doric city. In 1892 a small site museum was established which in 1924 took over apartments in the Monastery of Chersonesus and established the first exhibition of excavation finds. The Museum collections, some of which have now been published, contain over 120,000 items, including a unique collection of over 400 local grave monuments. The State Historico-Archaeological Preserve of Chersonesus in modern Sevastopol in the Crimea embraces the territory of the ancient Greek and Byzantine city of Chersonesus. The history of its archaeological investigation covers about one and a half centuries, the first excavations dating back to the first decades of the 19th century. Those were undertaken by several intellec- tuals from among the officers of the Black Sea navy. In 1827 by order of Admiral S. Greig, the commander of the Black Sea squadron, Lieutenant von Kruse excavated several Byzantine monuments in Chersonesus. That was done to commemorate the conversion of Russia to Christianity in 988. From then until 1888 all archaeological works carried out in Chersonesus were merely episodic. We should mention, however, the excavations of 1854 undertaken by Count A.S. Uvarov,l as well as some small-scale excavation work surveyed by the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities carried out in the 1870s at the request of the monastery of Chersonesus. In 1888 the direction of all excavations in Chersonesus was entrusted to the Imperial Archaeological Commission. From that time they were carried out regularly each year, according to a strict scientific program. One of the members of the Commission, K.K. Kostzushko-Valuzhinich, became the first surveyer of these works. After his death they were continued by R.Kh. Leper. Under his guidance considerable areas of the ancient city were uncovered. At the same time, besides architectural and archaeological monuments, such important sources as inscriptions (V.V. Latyshev), coins (A.V. Oreshnikov) and stamps on pottery (I. Makhov) were studied. 221 1. Portrait of a youth (wax-colours on limestone). 2. The main street of Chersonesus. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Abstracts-Booklet-Lamp-Symposium-1
Dokuz Eylül University – DEU The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Congressus internationales Smyrnenses XI Ancient terracotta lamps from Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean to Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond. Comparative lychnological studies in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire and peripheral areas. An international symposium May 16-17, 2019 / Izmir, Turkey ABSTRACTS Edited by Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin Laurent Chrzanovski Last update: 20/05/2019. Izmir, 2019 Websites: https://independent.academia.edu/TheLydiaSymposium https://www.researchgate.net/profile/The_Lydia_Symposium Logo illustration: An early Byzantine terracotta lamp from Alata in Cilicia; museum of Mersin (B. Gürler, 2004). 1 This symposium is dedicated to Professor Hugo Thoen (Ghent / Deinze) who contributed to Anatolian archaeology with his excavations in Pessinus. 2 Table of contents Ergün Laflı, An introduction to the ancient lychnological studies in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond: Editorial remarks to the abstract booklet of the symposium...................................6-12. Program of the international symposium on ancient lamps in Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, Dacia, the Black Sea and beyond..........................................................................................................................................12-15. Abstracts……………………………………...................................................................................16-67. Constantin
[Show full text]
Kron Food Production Docx
Supplementary Material 8 FOOD PRODUCTION (Expanded Version) Geoffrey Kron INTRODUCTION Although it would be attractive to offer a survey of agriculture throughout the ancient Mediterranean, the Near East, and those regions of temperate Europe, which were eventually incorporated into the Roman empire, I intend to concentrate primarily upon the best attested and most productive farming regime, that of Augustan Italy, 1 which was broadly comparable in its high level of intensification and agronomic sophistication with that of Greece, Western Asia Minor, North Africa, Baetica and Eastern Tarraconensis. Within the highly urbanized and affluent heartland of the Roman empire, our sources and archaeological evidence present a coherent picture of market-oriented intensive mixed farming, viticulture, arboriculture and market gardening, comparable, and often superior, in its productivity and agronomic expertise to the best agricultural practice of England, the Low Countries, France (wine), and Northern Italy in the mid 19th century. Greco- Roman farmers supplied a large urban population equal to, if not significantly greater than, that of early 19th century Italy and Greece, with a diet rich, not just in cereals, but in meat, wine, olive oil, fish, condiments, fresh fruit and vegetables. Anthropometric evidence of mean heights, derived from skeletal remains, reveal that protein and calorie malnutrition, caused by an insufficient diet based overwhelmingly on cereals, was very acute throughout 18th and 19th century Western Europe, and drove the mean
[Show full text]
Landscape Change and Trade in Ancient Greece
LANDSCAPE CHANGE AND TRADE IN ANCIENT GREECE: EVIDENCE FROM POLLEN DATA ADAM IZDEBSKI TYMON SŁOCZYNSKI´ ANTON BONNIER GRZEGORZ KOLOCH KATERINA KOULI Abstract In this paper we use pollen data from six sites in southern Greece to study long-term vegetation change in this region from 1000 BCE to 600 CE. Based on insights from environmental history, we interpret our estimated trends in the regional presence of cereal, olive, and vine pollen as proxies for structural changes in agricultural production. We present evidence that there was a mar- ket economy in ancient Greece and a major trade expansion several centuries before the Roman conquest. Our results are consistent with auxiliary data on settlement dynamics, shipwrecks, and ancient oil and wine presses. JEL Classiﬁcation: C81, F14, N53, N73, Q17 Keywords: agricultural production, ancient Greece, environmental history, market integration, pollen data, trade Corresponding author: Tymon Słoczy´nski,Department of Economics & International Business School, Brandeis University, MS 021, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. Email: [email protected] This version: December 11, 2019. For helpful comments, we thank Hans-Joachim Voth (editor), three anonymous referees, Shameel Ahmad, Stephen Cecchetti, Alan Dye, Simon Fuchs, George Hall, Robert Hunt, Michael McCormick, John Murray, Aldo Musacchio, Steven Nafziger, ¸SevketPamuk, Davide Pet- tenuzzo, Pedro Sant’Anna, Peter Temin, Taco Terpstra, members of the PELOPS group, seminar participants at Brandeis, Harvard, LSE, and Northwestern, and conference participants at the ‘Human-Environment Dynamics in the Peloponnese and Beyond: Ideas–Methods–Results’ conference, American School of Clas- sical Studies at Athens, 2017; the EHES conference, University of Tübingen, 2017; the Liberal Arts Colleges Economic History Workshop, Mount Holyoke College, 2018; the NBER Summer Institute, 2018; the World Economic History Congress, Boston, 2018; and the AEA Annual Meeting, Atlanta, 2019.
[Show full text]
Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Ιστορική Περιοχή Chersonesus T
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Kovalenko Sergei (19/12/2007) Για παραπομπή : Kovalenko Sergei , "Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity)", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10741> Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity) Περίληψη : Chersonesos in the course of its history developed into one of the most important cities of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. It was also distinguished for being the only dorian colony in this area. The written testimony and unearthed epigraphies give information on the city's name, the date of its foundation as well as on population issues and its political organization. On the other hand, archaeological investigations have provided research with evidence concerning economy, religion and urban planning. Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Crimea, Ukraine. Ιστορική Περιοχή Heracleian Peninsula 1.1 Location The ancient city of Chersonesus is situated on the northern shore of Heracleian peninsula within the boundaries of the modern city of Sevastopol in the south‑western Crimea. It spread over the plateau between the modern bays of Karantinnaya and Pesochnaya. The square plateau is approximately 36 ha and its relief is formed by numerous dried ‑ up river‑beds. The Karantinnaya Bay served as the main harbor of Chersonesus. Its slightly sloping western shore was ideal for dockyards, particularly for repairing and drying up the ships. Chersonesusʹ location was a perfect choice from a military point of view. On the north and the east the city was defended by the sea and there were deep ravines separating Chersonesus from the mainland on the south and the west. Along the ridges of these very ravines the city fortification walls were constructed.
[Show full text]
A Note on the Terminology: I Use “Brick” to Refer to Flat Building Units
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05935-1 - Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire: 1st to 4th Centuries CE Lynne C. Lancaster Index More information INDEX A note on the terminology: I use “brick” to refer to ﬂat building units for walls and vaults, whereas I use “tile” to refer to items that have more complex forms, such as roof tiles and box-tiles (the distinction is not appropriate for all contexts, e.g. a “tile maker” can also make bricks). For place names, I have used the name that is most common, regardless of whether it is modern or ancient, but some cross references to alternative designations are provided. The monuments and places in the Web Catalogs and the Web Figures are not included in this index. Numbers in bold indicate pages with illustrations. ACoruna,˜ Spain, 175 Angmering, Britain (bath), 134, 136–37, Archimedes, 127, 181, 202 Aelius Aristides, 87 136, 137, 138, 142, 145 architect, 9, 10, 65, 110, 192 Aemilius Macer, 8 annona, 94, 112, 113, 196, 200 Amenhotep, son of Hapu, 49 Aeolian Islands (pumice), 31 annona militaris, 176 Menophilos, 11, 97 Aesica. See Great Chesters anthrocological (charcoal) studies, 197–98 Aretas IV, Nabatean king, 79 African Red Slip, 113, 127, 197. See also Antiochia in Pisidia, Turkey (bath), 34, Argos, Greece, 52, 69 pottery industry 35 “Serapeum”. See cult complex (Theater Agricola, 6 Antoninus Pius, 50 Baths) agricultural production, 127, 173, 176 Aphrodisias, Turkey agora drains, 52, 55 importance for construction technology, Flavian Basilica, 43 aqueducts, 52, 54, 210n66 112–13 individuals at Bath A.
[Show full text]
Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective.
[Show full text]
Apoikia in the Black Sea: the History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods
University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2018 Apoikia in the Black Sea: The History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods Austin M. Wojkiewicz University of Central Florida Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the European History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Wojkiewicz, Austin M., "Apoikia in the Black Sea: The History of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios in the Archaic and Classical Periods" (2018). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 324. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/324 APOIKIA IN THE BLACK SEA: THE HISTORY OF HERACLEA PONTICA, SINOPE, AND TIOS IN THE ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL PERIODS by AUSTIN M. WOJKIEWICZ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in History in the College of Arts & Humanities and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, FL Spring Term, 2018 Thesis Chair: Edward Dandrow ABSTRACT This study examines the influence of local and dominant Network Systems on the socio- economic development of the southern Black Sea colonies: Heraclea Pontica, Sinope, and Tios during the Archaic and Classical Period. I argue that archeological and literary evidence indicate that local (populations such as the Mariandynoi, Syrians, Caucones, Paphlagonians, and Tibarenians) and dominant external (including: Miletus, Megara/Boeotia, Athens, and Persia) socio-economic Network systems developed and shaped these three colonies, and helped explain their role in the overarching Black Sea Network.
[Show full text]
Warlords ALEXANDER
Warlords of ALEXANDER Epic Roleplaying Amid the Ruins of Alexander's Empire ~ For Chaosium's Basic Roleplaying Game ~ 2 ZOZER Game Designs Text © Paul Elliott 2004 Contributions by Tom Syvertsen (Alexander the Great), Romeo Reyes (Ptolemy I & II), Maximillian Cairduff and Kelley L. Ross (Antigonid History). Illustrations by Jonny Hodgson, Paul Elliott, David Hamilton 2004 2 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I ALEXANDER THE GREAT THE SUCCESSOR KINGDOMS DAILY LIFE CALENDAR PART II CREATING CHARACTERS GAME SYSTEM GODS, PHILOSOPHERS & MAGIC BUILDING A CAMPAIGN APPENDIX i - Names APPENDIX ii - References 3 4 INTRODUCTION “It is my belief that there was in those days no nation, no city, no individual beyond the reach of Alexander’s name; never in all the world was there another like him ...” Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander Centaur, dryad, griffin, gorgon - creatures like these litter the pages of most fantasy roleplaying games. Creatures from Greek myth. Of course, there are plenty of other entries that would fit nicely into a Greek campaign with a suitable name change: giants, passion spirits and so on. The great pull of roleplaying the ancient Greeks, however, is not the 'fit' of many monsters or races, but the unique and atmospheric society of the day. Nodding horse-hair crests, long-shadowed spears, many-columned temples of marble, triremes surging across turquoise seas guided by painted eyes on the prow, phalanxes of grim hoplites, unconformist philosophers debating science under shady colonnades ... classical Greece. WARLORDS OF ALEXANDER is a fantasy setting for Chaosium Inc.'s Basic Roleplaying Game. A gamemaster need only have a copy of Call of Cthulhu, Stormbringer, or Elric! to play.
[Show full text]
The Character of Greek Colonisation.1 Three
THE CHARACTER OF GREEK COLONISATION.1 THREE movements of expansion can be distinguished in what we know of. the history of the Greeks. The first, that of the so-called Dorian, and Ionian migrations, left them in possession of the Greek mainland, the principal islands of the Aegean, and the western seaboard of Asia Minor. The second, that of Greek colonisation properly so-called, extended the Greek world to the limits familiar to us in the history of Greece during the fifth and fourth centuries. The third, in which. Macedonian kings act as leaders, began with the conquests of Alexander, and resulted in that Hellenisation of the East which was the permanent achievement of his successors. The general character of the second of these movements forms the subject of this essay. Much has still to be done before a detailed history of Greek colonisation can be given to the world. Sites must be excavated, and the main lines of Greek commercial history established, before it can even be attempted. But we know enough already to judge with fair accuracy of that tremendous outburst of activity, which left the Greeks almost undisputed masters of Mediterranean commerce. Here and there the course of develop- ment is still uncertain, and almost everywhere we are ignorant of details that would inevitably be instructive; but, since recent historians of Greece aim rather at narrating the story of individual colonies than at presenting general conclusions, it may prove worth while to give here a survey of the whole field. Perhaps the clearest way of presenting such a survey will be to discuss first the causes of Greek colonisation; secondly, the political and social conditions under which it developed; and lastly, the relations which resulted between each colony and its mother-state.2 I.—The Causes of Greek Colonisation.
[Show full text]
Becoming Macedonian: Name Mapping and Ethnic Identity. the Case of Hephaistion*
Karanos 3, 2020 11-37 Becoming Macedonian: Name Mapping and Ethnic Identity. The Case of Hephaistion* by Jeanne Reames University of Nebraska at Omaha [email protected] With the Digital Assistance of Jason Heppler and Cory Starman ABSTRACT An epigraphical survey (with digital mapping component) of Greece and Magna Graecia reveals a pattern as to where Hephais-based names appear, up through the second century BCE. Spelled with an /eta/, these names are almost exclusively Attic-Ionian, while Haphēs-based names, spelled with an alpha, are Doric-Aeolian, and much fewer in number. There is virtually no overlap, except at the Panhellenic site of Delphi, and in a few colonies around the Black Sea. Furthermore, cult for the god Hephaistos –long recognized as a non-Greek borrowing– was popular primarily in Attic-Ionian and “Pelasgian” regions, precisely the same areas where we find Hephais-root names. The only area where Haphēs-based names appear in any quantity, Boeotia, also had an important cult related to the god. Otherwise, Hephaistos was not a terribly important deity in Doric-Aeolian populations. This epigraphic (and religious) record calls into question the assumed Macedonian ethnicity of the king’s best friend and alter-ego, Hephaistion. According to Tataki, Macedonian naming patterns followed distinctively non-Attic patterns, and cult for the god Hephaistos is absent in Macedonia (outside Samothrace). A recently published 4th century curse tablet from Pydna could, however, provide a clue as to why a Macedonian Companion had such a uniquely Attic-Ionian name. If Hephaistion’s ancestry was not, in fact, ethnically Macedonian, this may offer us an interesting insight into fluidity of Macedonian identity under the monarchy, and thereby, to ancient conceptualizations of ethnicity more broadly.
[Show full text]
The Spread of Coins in the Hellenistic World
The Spread of Coins in the Hellenistic World Andrew Meadows Although coinage was first ‘invented’ in the archaic Greek period, and spread to a sig- nificant part of the Mediterranean world during the classical period, it remained a mar- ginal element within the economy. At very few cities or mints were coins produced regularly, and the issues of a vast majority of mints were sporadic, small and of coins ill- suited to daily transactions.1 Moreover there existed in the nature of early coinage inher- ent impediments to international use. Thus, while coinage can be said to be a financial innovation of the archaic and classical Greek world, it did not radically change eco- nomic behaviour. Significant changes in the nature and scale of coinage occurred only in the wake of Alexander’s world conquest, during the Hellenistic period. The Hellenistic period runs, as usually defined, from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the Battle of Actium by which Roman superiority over the Greek world was finally established on 2nd September 31 BC. The period is defined by the world conquest of Alexander the Great, and the consequences of the division of his empire upon his death. The name ‘Hellenistic’ derives from the German term for the period, coined by J.G. Droysen in the 1830s in his Geschichte des Hellenismus (First edition, Hamburg 1836–1843). For Droysen, who had previously written a seminal study of Alexander the Great, the period of Hellenismus, was characterised by the Hellenisation of the world that Alexander had conquered. This world had largely been encompassed by the Achaemenid Persian Empire, but had comprised many different cultures in Asia Minor, the Near East, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Iran and beyond.2 1 On scale, see further below, section “Spread and Scale”.
[Show full text]
Excursion on the Euxine
University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons History Faculty Publications Department of History 1996 Excursion On The Euxine Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Prousis, Theophilus C., "Excursion On The Euxine" (1996). History Faculty Publications. 19. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub/19 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 1996 All Rights Reserved EXCURSION ON THE EUXINE by Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida Neal Ascherson, Black Sea (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995), ix, 306 pp. $23.00. The Black Sea, known as Pontus Euxinus or hospitable sea in ancient times, connects Europe to Asia and laps the shoreline of seven countries, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, and Abkhazia. Settlers and traders from east, west, north, and south have been drawn to the Black Sea re- gion throughout history for its wealth of fish, grain, timber, fur, slaves, gold, and silver. Fed by six rivers, the Kuban, Don, Dnieper, Southern Bug, Dniester, and Danube, the Black Sea today comprises the world's largest body of lifeless sea water, the result of both natural and man-made causes, and extends "some 630 miles across from east to west and 330 miles from north to south--except at its 'waist', where the projecting peninsula of Crimea reduces the north-south dis- tance between the Crimean shore and Turkey to only 144 miles" (3).
[Show full text]