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Some Representative Examples of Romano-British Sculpture Author(S): F
Some Representative Examples of Romano-British Sculpture Author(s): F. Haverfield and H. Stuart Jones Source: The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 2 (1912), pp. 121-152 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/295954 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 23:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Roman Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 23:47:48 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SOME REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES OF ROMANO-BRITISH SCULPTURE. (Plates IV-IX.) By PROFESSOR F. HAVERFIELD, LL.D. D.LITT. and H. STUART JONES, M.A. The collection of casts lately prepared by the Roman Society, and described in the following pages, was designed to include representative sculptures and architectural decorations of the Roman period in Britain. It had originally been hoped that these casts might find a place in the Archaeological Exhibition held in Rome in I9II and eloquently described by Mrs. -
The Northgate Reconstruction
131 7 THE NORTHGATE RECONSTRUCTION P Holder and J Walker INTRODUCTION have come from the supposedly ancient quarries at Collyhurst some few kilometres north-east of the The Unit was asked to provide advice and fort. As this source was not available, Hollington assistance to Manchester City Council so that the Red Sandstone from Staffordshire was used to form City could reconstruct the Roman fort wall and a wall of coursed facing blocks 200-320 mm long by defences at Manchester as they would have appeared 140-250 mm deep by 100-120 mm thick. York stone around the beginning of the 3rd century (Phase 4). was used for paving, steps and copings. A recipe for the right type of mortar, which consisted of This short report has been included in the volume three parts river sand, three parts building sand, in order that a record of the archaeological work two parts lime and one part white cement, was should be available for visitors to the site. obtained from Hampshire County Council. The Ditches and Roods The Wall and Rampart The Phase 4a (see Chapter 4, Area B) ditches were Only the foundations and part of the first course re-establised along their original line to form a of the wall survived (see Chapter 4, Phase 4, Area defensive circuit consisting of an outer V-shaped A). The underlying foundations consisted of ditch in front of a smaller inner ditch running interleaved layers of rammed clay and river close to the fort wall. cobble. On top of the foundations of the fort wall lay traces of a chamfered plinth (see Chapter 5g) There were three original roads; the main road made up of large red sandstone blocks, behind from the Northgate that ran up to Deansgate, the which was a rough rubble backing. -
Egyptian Units and the Reliability of the Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Oriens
Imperium and Officium Working Papers (IOWP) Egyptian Units and the reliability of the Notitia dignitatum, pars Oriens Version 01 April 2014 Anna Maria Kaiser (University of Vienna, Department of Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy) Abstract: This study argues for the reliability of the Egyptian military lists in the pars Oriens of the Notitia Dignitatum and opposes the views of some scho-lars, who see the Not.Dig. as a purely ideological composition unrelated to historical reality and without value as an historical source. Deniers of the Not.Dig.’s reliability generally ignore the documentary evidence. For Egypt, papyrological documentation verifies the Not.Dig.’s accuracy—a circumstance not so readily available for other parts of the Roman Empire—and, complemented by archaeological evidence, provides a strong argument for the completeness and reliability of at least the Egyptian sections. Thus the probability of the Not.Dig.’s accuracy for other sections of the pars Oriens is also corroborated. © Anna Maria Kaiser 2014 [email protected] 1 Anna Maria Kaiser Egyptian Units and the reliability of the Notitia Dignitatum, pars Oriens* This study argues for the reliability of the Egyptian military lists in the pars Oriens of the Notitia Dignitatum and opposes the views of some scholars, who see the Not.Dig. as a purely ideological composition unrelated to historical reality and without value as an historical source. Deniers of the Not.Dig.’s reliability generally ignore the documentary evidence. For Egypt, papyrological documentation verifies the Not.Dig.’s accuracy—a circumstance not so readily available for other parts of the Roman Empire—and, complemented by archaeological evidence, provides a strong argument for the completeness and reliability of at least the Egyptian sections. -
Siegfried Found: Decoding the Nibelungen Period
1 Gunnar Heinsohn (Gdańsk, February 2018) SIEGFRIED FOUND: DECODING THE NIBELUNGEN PERIOD CONTENTS I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? 2 II Siegfried the Dragon Slayer and the Dragon Legion of Victorinus 12 III Time of the Nibelungen. How many migration periods occurred in the 1st millennium? Who was Clovis, first King of France? 20 IV Results 34 V Bibliography 40 Acknowledgements 41 VICTORINUS (coin portrait) 2 I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? The mythical figure of Siegfried from Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana), the greatest hero of the Germanic and Nordic sagas, is based on the real Gallic emperor Victorinus (meaning “the victorious”), whose name can be translated into Siegfried (Sigurd etc.), which means “victorious” in German and the Scandinavian languages. The reign of Victorinus is conventionally dated 269-271 AD. He is one of the leaders of the so-called Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum; 260-274 AD), mostly known from Historia Augusta (Thayer 2018), Epitome de Caesaribus of Aurelius Victor (Banchich 2009), and the Breviarum of Eutropius (Watson 1886). The capital city of this empire was Cologne, 80 km south of Xanten. Trier and Lyon were additional administrative centers. This sub-kingdom tried to defend the western part of the Roman Empire against invaders who were taking advantage of the so-called Crisis of the Third Century, which mysteriously lasted exactly 50 years (234 to 284 AD). Yet, the Gallic Empire also had separatist tendencies and sought to become independent from Rome. The bold claim of Victorinus = Siegfried was put forward, in 1841, by A. -
Xantener Berichte 23
XANTENER BERICHTE Band 23 XANTENER BERICHTE LEGIO XXX ULPIA VICTRIX Grabung – Forschung – Präsentation Ihre Geschichte, ihre Soldaten, ihre Denkmäler herausgegeben von Martin Müller Marcus Reuter E ine Veröffentlichung des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland LV R-Archäologischer Park Xanten / LVR-RömerMuseum VERLAG PHILIPP VoN ZABERN LEGIO XXX ULPIA VICTRIX Ihre Geschichte, ihre Soldaten, ihre Denkmäler Marcus Reuter VERLAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN Bibliografische Informationen der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-8053-4586-6 LVR-Archäologischer Park Xanten LVR-RömerMuseum Alle Rechte vorbehalten Copyright Landschaftsverband Rheinland LVR-Archäologischer Park Xanten / LVR-RömerMuseum 2012 Redaktion: Linden Soft Verlag e. K., Aichwald Satz: www.comlay.de Druck: B.o.s.s Druck und Medien, Goch Printed in Germany Print kompensiert Id-Nr. 1113222 www.bvdm-online.de VRE LAG PHILIPP VON ZABERN · DARMSTADT / MAINZ I nhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • VII Vorwort • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • IX Danksagung • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • X Einleitung – Die römischen Legionen und die legio XXX Ulpia victrix als Forschungsgegenstand • • 1 1 Geschichte • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 1.1 Die Gründung der Legion unter Traian -
A Note on the Terminology: I Use “Brick” to Refer to Flat Building Units
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05935-1 - Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire: 1st to 4th Centuries CE Lynne C. Lancaster Index More information INDEX A note on the terminology: I use “brick” to refer to flat building units for walls and vaults, whereas I use “tile” to refer to items that have more complex forms, such as roof tiles and box-tiles (the distinction is not appropriate for all contexts, e.g. a “tile maker” can also make bricks). For place names, I have used the name that is most common, regardless of whether it is modern or ancient, but some cross references to alternative designations are provided. The monuments and places in the Web Catalogs and the Web Figures are not included in this index. Numbers in bold indicate pages with illustrations. ACoruna,˜ Spain, 175 Angmering, Britain (bath), 134, 136–37, Archimedes, 127, 181, 202 Aelius Aristides, 87 136, 137, 138, 142, 145 architect, 9, 10, 65, 110, 192 Aemilius Macer, 8 annona, 94, 112, 113, 196, 200 Amenhotep, son of Hapu, 49 Aeolian Islands (pumice), 31 annona militaris, 176 Menophilos, 11, 97 Aesica. See Great Chesters anthrocological (charcoal) studies, 197–98 Aretas IV, Nabatean king, 79 African Red Slip, 113, 127, 197. See also Antiochia in Pisidia, Turkey (bath), 34, Argos, Greece, 52, 69 pottery industry 35 “Serapeum”. See cult complex (Theater Agricola, 6 Antoninus Pius, 50 Baths) agricultural production, 127, 173, 176 Aphrodisias, Turkey agora drains, 52, 55 importance for construction technology, Flavian Basilica, 43 aqueducts, 52, 54, 210n66 112–13 individuals at Bath A. -
A COMPANION to the ROMAN ARMY Edited By
ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page iii A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by Paul Erdkamp ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page i A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical lit- erature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Ancient History Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by Daniel C. Snell Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by David S. Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Elizabeth James A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin Literature and Culture Published A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to Classical Tradition A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Craig W. -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
Military Installations at Zeugma: an Overview of the Swiss Archaeological Investigations, 2001‒2003
. chapter ten . Military Installations at Zeugma: An Overview of the Swiss Archaeological Investigations, 2001‒2003 M. Hartmann and M. A. Speidel THE HISTORICAL AND surveying the Euphrates.9 Even so, the names and gar- GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT rison places of only a few units are known for this early period.10 In A.D. 19, legio X Fretensis had its winter quar- The Euphrates marked most of Rome’s eastern frontier, and ters at Cyrrhus, roughly halfway between the provincial it divided the empire’s territory from the spheres of influ- capital Antioch and Zeugma.11 In the years prior to A.D. ence of Rome’s most resourceful foes, the Parthians and 66, the same legion is known to have been safeguarding Persians (fig. 1).1 The river marked the border between the the Euphrates.12 Hence, legio X Fretensis may have been two foremost empires of the ancient world,2 and, for the moved closer to the river, perhaps to a new fortress at or many different peoples of this frontier zone, it made a true near Zeugma.13 difference on which side of the border they lived.3 At any rate, a temporary Roman military camp was set The defense of Rome’s eastern frontier was the task of up in A.D. 49 apud Zeugma, when the emperor Claudius soldiers. Their duties were of such proportions that the supported a friendly Parthian prince to seize the Parthian defense of this border consumed about one quarter of throne.14 The camp was set up for a Roman military escort, Rome’s entire military force. -
Iuppiter Dolichenus
Orientalische Religionen in der Antike Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient Oriental Religions in Antiquity Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (ORA) Herausgegeben von / Edited by Angelika Berlejung (Leipzig) Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Annette Zgoll (Göttingen) 8 Iuppiter Dolichenus Vom Lokalkult zur Reichsreligion Herausgegeben von Michael Blömer und Engelbert Winter Mohr Siebeck Michael Blömer, geboren 1975; Studium der Klassischen Archäologie, Alten Geschichte und Latei- nischen Philologie; 2009 Promotion; wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Exzellenzcluster „Religion und Politik“ der Universität Münster. Engelbert Winter, geboren 1959; 1987 Promotion; 1995 Habilitation; seit 2001 apl. Prof. für Alte Geschichte und wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Forschungsstelle Asia Minor im Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster; seit 2007 Leiter der Ausgrabun- gen im Zentralheiligtum des Iuppiter Dolichenus in Doliche. ISBN 978-3-16-151797-6 / eISBN 978-3-16-160597-0 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2021 ISSN 1869-0513 (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbiblio- graphie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2012 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwer tung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, -
Cults and Religious Integration in the Roman Cities of the Drava Valley (Southern Pannonia)
CULTS AND RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN THE ROMAN CITIES OF THE DRAVA VALLEY (SOUTHERN PANNONIA) BY BLANKA MIŠIĆ A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS AND PHILOSOPHY ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON JANUARY 2013 1 DECLARATION OF AUTORSHIP I, Blanka Mišić, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Signed: ______________________ Dated: _______________________ 2 For my dearest parents. 3 ABSTRACT This work is a detailed examination of pagan cults and deities in three settlements along the Pannonian section of the Drava river (Aquae Iasae – modern Varaždinske Toplice; Iovia- Botivo – modern Ludbreg; and Mursa – modern Osijek) situated within the present-day territory of Croatia. The evidence examined consists primarily of inscribed votive dedications in stone, dating from the Roman conquest of Pannonia to the late third century A.D. Evidence is examined within the theoretical framework of cultural change, taking into account recent theoretical developments in the concepts of “Romanisation”, acculturation, identity- expression and syncretisation in order to determine the extent of cultural and religious integration along the Drava. A thorough examination of evidence reveals the emergence of differing and flexible religious identities specific to each settlement although united by the larger prevailing trend of nature-divinity worship. Our Drava evidence also reveals that economic, social, political and geographic factors all produced an impact on the process and extent of cultural and religious integration, thus helping to form local, regional, provincial and imperial expressions of identity(ies). 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS………………………………………......07 2. -
And the Material Culture of the Late 3Rd Century
The theory of ‘Limesfall’ and the material culture of the late 3rd century By Stijn Heeren Keywords: Late Roman period / fall of the Limes / Lower Rhine / Obergermanisch-Raeti- scher limes / Niederbieber horizon / pottery / brooches Schlagwörter: spätrömische Zeit / Limesfall / Niederrhein / Obergermanisch-Raetischer Limes / Niederbieber-Horizont / Keramik / Fibeln Mots-clés : époque romaine tardive / chute du limes / Bas-Rhin / Obergermanisch-Raeti- scher limes / horizon Niederbieber / céramique / fibules Introduction In many historical and archaeological studies concerning the decline of Roman power in the 3rd century, the ‘Limesfall’ is addressed, either explicitly or implicitly. With the term ‘Limesfall’ the destruction of limes forts by barbarian raiders between AD 259/260 and 275 and the subsequent abandonment of settlements in the hinterland of the limes is meant. The traditional opinion is that most of the forts and cities were never inhabited again. This idea has shaped the basic chronology of provincial-Roman archaeology: the transition of the Middle to the Late Roman period is set at ca. 260 and many items of material culture in the so-called Niederbieber horizon are dated to the period 190−260. New archaeological analysis shows that this presentation of past events is an oversimpli- fication: for several stretches of the limes there is no proof for destruction and subsequent abandonment at all, and evidence to the contrary, a continued occupation of several cas- tella, is available. This has far-reaching consequences for the chronology of the material culture of the late 3rd century and our dating of the Middle to Late Roman transition. In this article it will be argued that a ‘Limesfall’ never took place along the Lower Rhine and only partially at the Obergermanisch-Raetische limes.