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The Lhasa Jokhang – Is the World's Oldest Timber Frame Building in Tibet? André Alexander*
The Lhasa Jokhang – is the world's oldest timber frame building in Tibet? * André Alexander Abstract In questo articolo sono presentati i risultati di un’indagine condotta sul più antico tempio buddista del Tibet, il Lhasa Jokhang, fondato nel 639 (circa). L’edificio, nonostante l’iscrizione nella World Heritage List dell’UNESCO, ha subito diversi abusi a causa dei rifacimenti urbanistici degli ultimi anni. The Buddhist temple known to the Tibetans today as Lhasa Tsuklakhang, to the Chinese as Dajiao-si and to the English-speaking world as the Lhasa Jokhang, represents a key element in Tibetan history. Its foundation falls in the dynamic period of the first half of the seventh century AD that saw the consolidation of the Tibetan empire and the earliest documented formation of Tibetan culture and society, as expressed through the introduction of Buddhism, the creation of written script based on Indian scripts and the establishment of a law code. In the Tibetan cultural and religious tradition, the Jokhang temple's importance has been continuously celebrated soon after its foundation. The temple also gave name and raison d'etre to the city of Lhasa (“place of the Gods") The paper attempts to show that the seventh century core of the Lhasa Jokhang has survived virtually unaltered for 13 centuries. Furthermore, this core building assumes highly significant importance for the fact that it represents authentic pan-Indian temple construction technologies that have survived in Indian cultural regions only as archaeological remains or rock-carved copies. 1. Introduction – context of the archaeological research The research presented in this paper has been made possible under a cooperation between the Lhasa City Cultural Relics Bureau and the German NGO, Tibet Heritage Fund (THF). -
Recounting the Fifth Dalai Lama's Rebirth Lineage
Recounting the Fifth Dalai Lama’s Rebirth Lineage Nancy G. Lin1 (Vanderbilt University) Faced with something immensely large or unknown, of which we still do not know enough or of which we shall never know, the author proposes a list as a specimen, example, or indication, leaving the reader to imagine the rest. —Umberto Eco, The Infinity of Lists2 ncarnation lineages naming the past lives of eminent lamas have circulated since the twelfth century, that is, roughly I around the same time that the practice of identifying reincarnating Tibetan lamas, or tulkus (sprul sku), began.3 From the twelfth through eighteenth centuries it appears that incarnation or rebirth lineages (sku phreng, ’khrungs rabs, etc.) of eminent lamas rarely exceeded twenty members as presented in such sources as their auto/biographies, supplication prayers, and portraits; Dölpopa Sherab Gyeltsen (Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan, 1292–1361), one such exception, had thirty-two. Among other eminent lamas who traced their previous lives to the distant Indic past, the lineages of Nyangrel Nyima Özer (Nyang ral Nyi ma ’od zer, 1124–1192) had up 1 I thank the organizers and participants of the USF Symposium on The Tulku Institution in Tibetan Buddhism, where this paper originated, along with those of the Harvard Buddhist Studies Forum—especially José Cabezón, Jake Dalton, Michael Sheehy, and Nicole Willock for the feedback and resources they shared. I am further indebted to Tony K. Stewart, Anand Taneja, Bryan Lowe, Dianna Bell, and Rae Erin Dachille for comments on drafted materials. I thank the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange for their generous support during the final stages of revision. -
Giấc Mơ Tây Tạng
THÍCH THÁI HÒA GIẤC MƠ TÂY TẠNG NHÀ XUẤT BẢN PHƢƠNG ĐÔNG Chùa Phƣớc Duyên - Huế PL 2558 - TL 2014 MỤC LỤC NGỎ ............................................................................................... 9 CHƢƠNG I: TỔNG QUAN VỀ TÂY TẠNG .......................... 16 Vùng đất ....................................................................................... 16 Con người ..................................................................................... 19 Lịch sử .......................................................................................... 26 Tôn giáo ........................................................................................ 30 Văn hóa ......................................................................................... 38 Kinh tế .......................................................................................... 43 Chính trị ........................................................................................ 44 Xã hội ........................................................................................... 45 CHƢƠNG II: CÁC TRIỀU ĐẠI ............................................... 48 Từ khởi nguyên đến năm 313 trước Công Nguyên ...................... 48 Từ lâu đài Taksé (Stag-rtse) đến triều đại Namri Löntsän ........... 49 Triều đại Songtsàn Gampo(618-650) ........................................... 50 Triều đại Mangsong Mangtsen (650-676) .................................... 57 Triều đại 'Dus-rong Mang-po-rje (677-704) ................................. 57 Triều đại Mes-ag-tshoms -
Buddhist Philosophy in Depth, Part 3
WISDOM ACADEMY Buddhist Philosophy in Depth, Part 3 JAY GARFIELD Lessons 6: The Transmission of Buddhism from India to Tibet, and the Shentong-Rangtong Debate Reading: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems "Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism," pages 71-75 "The Nyingma Tradition," pages 77-84 "The Kagyu Tradition," pages 117-124 "The Sakya Tradition," pages 169-175 "The Geluk Tradition," pages 215-225 CrystalMirror_Cover 2 4/7/17 10:28 AM Page 1 buddhism / tibetan THE LIBRARY OF $59.95US TIBETAN CLASSICS t h e l i b r a r y o f t i b e t a n c l a s s i c s T C! N (1737–1802) was L T C is a among the most cosmopolitan and prolific Tspecial series being developed by e Insti- Tibetan Buddhist masters of the late eighteenth C M P S, by Thuken Losang the crystal tute of Tibetan Classics to make key classical century. Hailing from the “melting pot” Tibetan Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), is arguably the widest-ranging account of religious Tibetan texts part of the global literary and intel- T mirror of region of Amdo, he was Mongol by heritage and philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet. Like most texts on philosophical systems, lectual heritage. Eventually comprising thirty-two educated in Geluk monasteries. roughout his this work covers the major schools of India, both non-Buddhist and Buddhist, but then philosophical large volumes, the collection will contain over two life, he traveled widely in east and inner Asia, goes on to discuss in detail the entire range of Tibetan traditions as well, with separate hundred distinct texts by more than a hundred of spending significant time in Central Tibet, chapters on the Nyingma, Kadam, Kagyü, Shijé, Sakya, Jonang, Geluk, and Bön schools. -
KHANDRO RINPOCHE PEMA DECHEN (1923-2006) Chorten
BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY 137 KHANDRO RINPOCHE PEMA DECHEN (1923-2006) TULKU THOGMED Chorten Monastery, Gangtok English translation by Tenzin Samphel and Carl Yamamoto Om Svasti! From the integral nature of the all-pervading primordial state, The Rupakaya of the uninterrupted unity of voidness and awareness, The mother of the spiritual activities of the lord of the three times, The widely manifested venerable Dakini—at her lotus feet, I do service. Lately, a number of people have been asking about the venerable Khandro Rinpoche and her spiritual activities. This obituary is a modest attempt at presenting some information about the late divine mother’s spiritual life. Khandro Rinpoche was born in Brula, in the province of Kongpo in Eastern Tibet, to the noble lawyer family of Dekyi Khangsar in the Water Female Pig year of the 15th 60-year cycle of the lunar calendar (1923). She was given the name Pema Dechen. From early childhood, she displayed noble signs of altruism such as mercy and compassion, together with an unshakable faith in Ogyen Rinpoche and the Vidhyadhara siddhas. Unlike the other children, when she played as a child, she would repeatedly assume the bare cross-legged posture and pretend to meditate, recite, make ritual offerings, etc., which awakened her divine predispositions. Around the age of six, she learnt from her father the arts of reading, writing, and memorizing texts. During this period, she helped her family and successfully carried out similar worldly responsibilities. At the age of 13, realizing that the answers to her prayers and aspirations had come, she became the consort of the great Dzogchen master Trulshik Rinpoche Pawo Dorjee (1897-1962) of Kham Minyak, Eastern Tibet. -
Mingyur Rinpoche – Detailed Biography
MINGYUR RINPOCHE – DETAILED BIOGRAPHY Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche was born in 1975 in a small Himalayan village near the border of Nepal and Tibet. Son of the renowned meditation master Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, Mingyur Rinpoche was drawn to a life of contemplation from an early age and would often run away to meditate in the caves that surrounded his village. In these early childhood years, however, he suffered from debilitating panic attacks that crippled his ability to interact with others and enjoy his idyllic surroundings. At the age of nine, Rinpoche left to study meditation with his father at Nagi Gonpa, a small hermitage on the outskirts of Kathmandu valley. For nearly three years, Tulku Urgyen guided him experientially through the profound Buddhist practices of Mahamudra and Dzogchen, teachings that are typically considered highly secret and only taught to advanced meditators. Throughout this time, his father would impart pithy instructions to his young son and then send him to meditate until he had achieved a direct experience of the teachings. When he was eleven years old, Mingyur Rinpoche was requested to reside at Sherab Ling Monastery in Northern India, the seat of Tai Situ Rinpoche and one of the most important monasteries in the Kagyu lineage. While there, he studied the teachings that had been brought to Tibet by the great translator Marpa, as well as the rituals of the Karma Kagyu lineage, with the retreat master of the monastery, Lama Tsultrim. He was formally enthroned as the 7th incarnation of Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche by Tai Situ Rinpoche when he was twelve years old. -
§¨ ¨ Úf' Ú 7 ºú9º Ú
Restricted text. Please do not distribute. §¨¨ÚFÚ7ºÚ9ºÚ º¬ Rangjung Peme Nyingtik His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche Restricted text. Please do not distribute. Introduction Ask anyone who ever met His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche about his qualities and you will probably get a similar description. He had a most unusual physical presence. His body was grand and stable like a mountain, yet a soft, yielding, and vibrant energy seemed to flow through him unobstructedly, like a river. Most striking was the unceasing quality of his teaching. There was no break in his speech: as he inhaled he taught and as he exhaled he taught. An unending stream of people came to see him each day, yet his compas- sionate activities and his longing to serve others never diminished. How does someone with so many people under his care generate such deep reservoirs of energy? For us to truly understand the wonder and mystery of his activity we will have to study and practice the Dharma. His Holiness, without a doubt, embodied all the great tradi- tions of the rime, or non-sectarian, movement and demonstrated this as a living experience, manifesting an example of enlightened activity for all to see. He has, with great kindness, passed many of these teachings on to us either directly or through our own teachers. Now is the time to put them to use. The prayers in this book have been compiled for the cenntenial celebrations of His Holiness’ birth in the United States. This year Rinpoche graciously returns to us as a promising young man of 17 years. -
The Future of the Dzog-Chen Community
THE MIRROR The International Newspaper of the Dzog-chen Community Issue 12, November 1991 USA The Future of the Dzog-chen Community The Dalai Lama expresses intention to visit Tibet Our Community is based on the during talk in New York teaching and the spirit of the page 4 teaching, it's not just an ordinary organisation. This Community exists within a society which is New York hosts the always moving ahead and changing. Kalachakra Initiation The teaching tells us how to work page 6 with circumstances and that is why we always try to improve and to integrate as much as possible in Tsegyalgar appeals society. revoked building permits I've heard many people say that the page7 Community is getting too oganised, it's not like it used to be once. Certainly you may feel that it was USSR more simple and natural but you The city of Ulan Ude in have to understand that we are going Buryatia welcomes the ahead in society, we are not going backwards. Going back to the Dalai Lama beginning means cancelling page 5 everything. If one person thinks only about themselves and refuses to accept France society, I'm not saying that couldn't A tribute to the great be a solution. But I can say for sure master Dilgo Khyenlse that this is not a solution for society Rinpoche who passed away or for the maj ority of people. Rather recently we have to consider what the condition of society is and how to page 5 integrate the teaching in society. -
The Dalai Lama
THE INSTITUTION OF THE DALAI LAMA 1 THE DALAI LAMAS 1st Dalai Lama: Gendun Drub 8th Dalai Lama: Jampel Gyatso b. 1391 – d. 1474 b. 1758 – d. 1804 Enthroned: 1762 f. Gonpo Dorje – m. Jomo Namkyi f. Sonam Dargye - m. Phuntsok Wangmo Birth Place: Sakya, Tsang, Tibet Birth Place: Lhari Gang, Tsang 2nd Dalai Lama: Gendun Gyatso 9th Dalai Lama: Lungtok Gyatso b. 1476 – d. 1542 b. 1805 – d. 1815 Enthroned: 1487 Enthroned: 1810 f. Kunga Gyaltsen - m. Kunga Palmo f. Tenzin Choekyong Birth Place: Tsang Tanak, Tibet m. Dhondup Dolma Birth Place: Dan Chokhor, Kham 3rd Dalai Lama: Sonam Gyatso b. 1543 – d. 1588 10th Dalai Lama: Tsultrim Gyatso Enthroned: 1546 b. 1816 – d. 1837 f. Namgyal Drakpa – m. Pelzom Bhuti Enthroned: 1822 Birth Place: Tolung, Central Tibet f. Lobsang Drakpa – m. Namgyal Bhuti Birth Place: Lithang, Kham 4th Dalai Lama: Yonten Gyatso b. 1589 – d. 1617 11th Dalai Lama: Khedrub Gyatso Enthroned: 1601 b. 1838– d. 1855 f. Sumbur Secen Cugukur Enthroned 1842 m. Bighcogh Bikiji f. Tseten Dhondup – m. Yungdrung Bhuti Birth Place: Mongolia Birth Place: Gathar, Kham 5th Dalai Lama: 12th Dalai Lama: Trinley Gyatso Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso b. 1856 – d. 1875 b. 1617 – d. 1682 Enthroned: 1860 Enthroned: 1638 f. Phuntsok Tsewang – m. Tsering Yudon f. Dudul Rapten – m. Kunga Lhadze Birth Place: Lhoka Birth Place: Lhoka, Central Tibet 13th Dalai Lama: Thupten Gyatso 6th Dalai Lama: Tseyang Gyatso b. 1876 – d. 1933 b. 1683 – d. 1706 Enthroned: 1879 Enthroned: 1697 f. Kunga Rinchen – m. Lobsang Dolma f. Tashi Tenzin – m. Tsewang Lhamo Birth Place: Langdun, Central Tibet Birth Place: Mon Tawang, India 14th Dalai Lama: Tenzin Gyatso 7th Dalai Lama: Kalsang Gyatso b. -
Tulku Thadral Rinpoche
Tulku Thadral Rinpoche Tulku Thadral was born in India in 1970 – the son of Drolma and Dondrub, a yogi from the Sang- ngak Choling Monastery. At the age of four Tulku Thadral was recognized by HH Dudjom Rinpoche as the reincarnation of Lama Thadral Dorje, a student of the Dudjom Lingpa lineage. He received refuge vows from Nyoshul Khenpo Jamyang Rinpoche and Bodhicitta vows from His Holiness the Dalai Lama and Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche, Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, followed by novice vows and full ordination from Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche and Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche. Tulku Thadral received the Vajrayana vows as well as the Kama and Terma transmissions from HH Dudjom Rinpoche, HH Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, HH Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Kyabje Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche and Kyabje Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. Since childhood Tulku Thadral has lived and studied at the Nyingmapa Wishfulfilling Center for Study and Practice, the Shedra established by HH Dudjom Rinpoche. At a young age he progressed through his studies with astonishing speed. Regarding the Vajrayana, Rinpoche completed his preliminary practices in the Dudjom Tersar cycle following instructions received from Kyabje Thinley Norbu Rinpoche, and in the Longchen Nyingthik under Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche, his root teacher. He focused his studies and practice in the Dudjom Tersar Three Roots and received teachings on philosophy, meditation and ritual training from Khenpo Thubten, Pema Tsewang Lhundrup, Khenpo Tsewang Rigdzin, Khenpo Gelek Tenzin and Lama Chimed Rinpoche. He balanced his studies with private retreat whenever he had the time. In early 1998, after graduating from his studies of sutra and tantra, Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche and Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche enthroned Rinpoche as Khentrul Thadral Rinpoche, “Khentrul” being the title bestowed on one with a Khenpo degree, also recognized as a tulku, and possessing a high level of realization. -
Cultural Genocide in Tibet a Report
Cultural Genocide in Tibet A Report The Tibet Policy Institute The Department of Information and International Relations Central Tibetan Administration Published by the Tibet Policy Institute Printed at Narthang Press, Department of Information and International Relations of the Central Tibet Administration, 2017 Drafting Committee: Thubten Samphel, Bhuchung D. Sonam, Dr. Rinzin Dorjee and Dr. Tenzin Desal Contents Abbreviation Foreword .............................................................................................i Executive Summary ...........................................................................iv Introduction ........................................................................................vi PART ONE A CULTURE OF COMPASSION The Land .............................................................................................4 Language and Literature....................................................................4 Bonism .................................................................................................6 Buddhism ............................................................................................6 Sciences ................................................................................................8 Environmental Protection ................................................................9 The Origin and Evolution of Tibetan Culture ..............................10 The Emergence of the Yarlung Dynasty .......................................11 Songtsen Gampo and the Unification -
18.05.17 Utkast 2 Til Masteroppgaven
Lærer-elev relasjonen i tibetansk buddhisme: En komparativ analyse av Nyingma- og Kagyu-biografier Eva-Britt Larsen REL 4990 Masteroppgave i religionshistorie 60 studiepoeng, våren 2017 Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk Universitetet i Oslo 2 3 SAMMENDRAG Oppgavens tittel er: Lærer-elev relasjonen i tibetansk buddhisme. En komparativ analyse av Nyingma-og Kagyu-biografier. Oppgaven undersøker hva som motiverer tibetaneres religiøse søken og gjør at de inngår i forpliktende forhold som lærer-elev (guru-disippel eller lama-elev). Med utgangspunkt i fire religiøse selv-/biografier i Nyingma- og Kagyu-tradisjonene forsøker jeg å gi noen svar ved å belyse relasjonen mellom lama og elev, både når eleven er en mann og når eleven er en kvinne. Hellige biografier (tib. rnam pa thar pa, “fullstendig frigjøring” eller “fullstendig frigjøringshistorie”) i tibetansk tradisjon har som sitt fokus en fremstilling av veien mot frigjøring (nirvana). Jeg har valgt selvbiografiene til Ani Lochen eller Jetsun Lochen Rinpoche (1865-1991) som beskriver relasjonene og læreprosessen hun gjennomgikk under veiledning av sine lamaer Pema Gyatso og Thrulshig Rinpoche og Sera Khandros (1892- 1940) selvbiografi, hvor hun skriver om forholdet til sin læremester og senere tantriske partner og kjæreste Drimé Özer. I oppgaven bruker jeg biografiene til de to mannlige lamaene Milarepa (1052-1135) og Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (1910-1991) komparativt for å vise likheter og forskjeller mellom kjønnene i tibetanske mester-elev forhold. Jeg er opptatt av om det er noen særtrekk ved de kvinnelige mestrenes biografier som vi ikke finner i livene til de mannlige mestrene. Videre antar jeg at sosial og økonomisk bakgrunn spiller en rolle for mestrenes livsløp, og i tillegg diskuterer jeg innvirkning fra deres personlige karisma og/ eller om de er født inn i en religiøs kontekst, om de er en reinkarnasjon (tib.