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Giấc Mơ Tây Tạng THÍCH THÁI HÒA GIẤC MƠ TÂY TẠNG NHÀ XUẤT BẢN PHƢƠNG ĐÔNG Chùa Phƣớc Duyên - Huế PL 2558 - TL 2014 MỤC LỤC NGỎ ............................................................................................... 9 CHƢƠNG I: TỔNG QUAN VỀ TÂY TẠNG .......................... 16 Vùng đất ....................................................................................... 16 Con người ..................................................................................... 19 Lịch sử .......................................................................................... 26 Tôn giáo ........................................................................................ 30 Văn hóa ......................................................................................... 38 Kinh tế .......................................................................................... 43 Chính trị ........................................................................................ 44 Xã hội ........................................................................................... 45 CHƢƠNG II: CÁC TRIỀU ĐẠI ............................................... 48 Từ khởi nguyên đến năm 313 trước Công Nguyên ...................... 48 Từ lâu đài Taksé (Stag-rtse) đến triều đại Namri Löntsän ........... 49 Triều đại Songtsàn Gampo(618-650) ........................................... 50 Triều đại Mangsong Mangtsen (650-676) .................................... 57 Triều đại 'Dus-rong Mang-po-rje (677-704) ................................. 57 Triều đại Mes-ag-tshoms (704-754) ............................................. 59 Triều đại Trisong Detsan (756-797 hay 804) ............................... 60 Triều đại Mune Tsenpo (kh. 797-799?) ........................................ 61 Triều đại Sadnalegs (799-815) ..................................................... 61 Triều đại Ralpacan (815-838) ....................................................... 62 Triều đại Langdarma (838-842) ................................................... 63 CHƢƠNG III: CÁC TRƢỜNG PHÁI PHẬT GIÁO .................. 67 Kim Cương Thừa hay Tantrayāna ................................................ 67 Ninh-mã phái hay Nyingmapa ...................................................... 75 Cách-lỗ phái hay Gelugpa ............................................................ 83 Tát-ca phái hay Sakya-pa ............................................................. 85 Ca-nhĩ-cư phái hay Kagyupa ........................................................ 88 CHƢƠNG IV: DANH LAM THẮNG TÍCH ........................... 93 Thủ phủ Lhasa .............................................................................. 93 Cung điện Potala .......................................................................... 95 Tu viện Jokhang ........................................................................... 98 Tu viện Sera ................................................................................ 102 Đèo Kampala .............................................................................. 105 Hồ Yamdrok ............................................................................... 105 Tu viện Palkhor .......................................................................... 109 Đỉnh núi tuyết vĩnh cửu Kalash .................................................. 112 Tu viện Tashilumpo .................................................................... 115 Cung điện Norbulingka ................................................................ 116 CHƢƠNG V: PHÁP BẢO TÂY TẠNG ................................. 119 Đại tạng kinh .............................................................................. 119 Tứ quy y ..................................................................................... 121 Kim cương giới ........................................................................... 123 Tám giới tướng thô ..................................................................... 128 Ngũ trí ......................................................................................... 130 Ngũ trí và ngũ Phật ..................................................................... 131 Ngũ Phật, Ngũ phương và Ngũ sắc ............................................ 137 Ý nghĩa chữ OṂ trong Mật tông................................................. 141 Thần chú Lục tự Đại minh .......................................................... 163 Thần chú Kim cang Thượng sư .................................................. 170 Chữ Vạn của Tây Tạng ............................................................... 180 CHƢƠNG VI: NHỮNG NHÀ TRUYỀN GIÁO VÀ CẢI CÁCH ........................................................................................ 195 Ngài „Santa-Rakṣ ita (Tịch Hộ 700-760) ................................... 195 Ngài Padmasaṃbhava (Liên-Hoa-Sanh ?-?) .............................. 196 Ngài Kamalaśīla (Liên-Hoa-Giới 740 - 795 ) ............................. 204 Ngài Atīśa (A-để-sa 982 - 1054) ................................................ 206 Atīśa với tác phẩm Bồ-đề-đạo-đăng luận ................................... 211 Ngài Tsongkhapa (Tông-Khách-Ba 1357 - 1419) ...................... 212 Tông chỉ tu tập và hành đạo của Tsong-kha-pa .......................... 217 Con đường canh tân Phật giáo Tây Tạng của Tsong-kha-pa ...... 223 Truyền thống hóa thân của Phật giáo Tây Tạng .............................. 227 CHƢƠNG VII: ĐẠT-LAI-LẠT-MA VÀ BAN THIỀN LẠT- MA ............................................................................................. 232 Vị thứ nhất: Dge-gdun-grub (Đạt-lai-căn-đôn-châu-ba 1391-1474). .................................................................................................... 232 Vị thứ hai: Dge `dun rgya mtsho (Căn-đôn-gia-mục-thố 1475- 1542). .......................................................................................... 235 Vị thứ ba: Bsod-nams-rgya-mtsho (Đạt-lai-tỏa-lãng-gia-mục-thố 1543-1588). ................................................................................ 237 Vị thứ tư: Ngài Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho (Vinh-đan-gia-mục-thố 1589- 1617). .......................................................................................... 240 Vị thứ năm: Đức Nag-dban blo-bzan-rgya-mtsho (A-vượng-la- bốc-gia-mục-thố 1617-1682). ..................................................... 242 Vị thứ sáu: Đức Tshans-dbyans-rgya-mtsho (Đạt-lai-thương-ương- gia-mục-thố 1682-1706). ............................................................ 245 Vị thứ bảy: Đức Skal-bzan-rgya-mtsho (Cách-tang- gia-mục-thố 1708-1757). ................................................................................ 247 Vị thứ tám: Đức Hjam-dpal-rgya-mtsho, (Khương-bạch-gia-mục- thố 1758-1804). .......................................................................... 248 Vị thứ chín: Đức Lun-stogs-rgya-mtsho (Long-đa-gia-mục-thố 1805-1815). ................................................................................ 250 Vị thứ mười: Đức Tshul-khrim-rgya-mtsho (Đạt-lai-sở-xưng-gia- mục-thố 1816-1837). .................................................................. 250 Vị thứ mười một: Đức Mkhas-sgrub-rgya-mtsho, (Khải-châu-gia- mục- thố 1838-1856). ................................................................. 251 Vị thứ mười hai: Đức Sprin-Las-rgya-mtsho (Xưng-lặc-gia-mục- thố 1856-1875). .......................................................................... 252 Vị thứ mười ba: Đức Thuh-bstan-rgya-mtsho (Thổ-đan-gia-mục- thố 1876-1933). .......................................................................... 254 Vị thứ mười bốn: Đức Nag-dban-blo-bzan-bstan-hdsin-rtgya- mtsho (Đạt-lai-lạt-ma hiện nay là Lạp-mộc-đăng-châu 1935-… ). .................................................................................................... 258 Mười một vị Ban thiền Lạt-ma ................................................... 266 CHƢƠNG VIII: TỬ THƢ TÂY TẠNG ................................. 272 Bardo hay Trung hữu .................................................................. 273 Cận tử nghiệp và phương pháp chuyển hóa................................ 288 Cách hộ trì cho người sau khi đã qua đời ................................... 305 NHỮNG VẦN THƠ TÂY TẠNG ........................................... 312 HÌNH ẢNH TƢ LIỆU .............................................................. 314 THƢ MỤC THAM KHẢO ...................................................... 321 Thích Thái Hòa Trang 8 Giấc mơ Tây Tạng NGỎ Trong chuyến hành hương các Phật địa tại Trung Quốc vào tháng 4 năm 2013, khi đến Nga Mi Sơn đảnh lễ và chiêm bái trú xứ của Bồ tát Phổ Hiền, tôi thấy trú xứ hành đạo của Ngài nơi đây lồng lộng giữa trời xanh mây trắng, lòng tôi chợt nghĩ, thế thì trú xứ của các vị Bồ tát đang hành đạo ở nơi dãy Hy-mã- lạp-sơn, cao nguyên Tây Tạng, có núi Kailash quanh năm tuyết phủ, có hồ thiêng Yamdrok, có cung điện Potala, thủ phủ Lhasa, có huyền thoại về chùa Jokhang và nhiều huyền thoại khác nữa thì thế nào? Ước gì mình được đến đó để tận mắt một lần chiêm ngưỡng, chứng kiến. Sau khi xuống núi về tại thành phố Thành Đô, tỉnh Tứ Xuyên, tôi nói với anh Nguyễn Trung Toàn, hướng dẫn viên quốc tế của đoàn: “Thầy muốn đi Tây Tạng”. Anh Toàn nói với tôi: “Tây Tạng rất khó đi, khí hậu khắc nghiệt, an ninh nghiêm ngặt, nhưng thầy Trang 9 Thích Thái Hòa muốn đi thì con sẽ nghiên cứu và tìm cách tổ chức để cho thầy đi”. Không bao lâu sau, vào tháng 7 năm 2013, chị Nhuận Pháp Nguyên gọi điện báo cho tôi, xin Thầy và Quý thầy, cô ở Huế, gửi hộ chiếu vào cho con, để con chuyển cho anh Toàn làm thủ tục
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