The Birth of String Theory
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Particles-Versus-Strings.Pdf
Particles vs. strings http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~siegel/vs.html In light of the huge amount of propaganda and confusion regarding string theory, it might be useful to consider the relative merits of the descriptions of the fundamental constituents of matter as particles or strings. (More-skeptical reviews can be found in my physics parodies.A more technical analysis can be found at "Warren Siegel's research".) Predictability The main problem in high energy theoretical physics today is predictions, especially for quantum gravity and confinement. An important part of predictability is calculability. There are various levels of calculations possible: 1. Existence: proofs of theorems, answers to yes/no questions 2. Qualitative: "hand-waving" results, answers to multiple choice questions 3. Order of magnitude: dimensional analysis arguments, 10? (but beware hidden numbers, like powers of 4π) 4. Constants: generally low-energy results, like ground-state energies 5. Functions: complete results, like scattering probabilities in terms of energy and angle Any but the last level eventually leads to rejection of the theory, although previous levels are acceptable at early stages, as long as progress is encouraging. It is easy to write down the most general theory consistent with special (and for gravity, general) relativity, quantum mechanics, and field theory, but it is too general: The spectrum of particles must be specified, and more coupling constants and varieties of interaction become available as energy increases. The solutions to this problem go by various names -- "unification", "renormalizability", "finiteness", "universality", etc. -- but they are all just different ways to realize the same goal of predictability. -
Supergravity and Its Legacy Prelude and the Play
Supergravity and its Legacy Prelude and the Play Sergio FERRARA (CERN – LNF INFN) Celebrating Supegravity at 40 CERN, June 24 2016 S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 1 Supergravity as carved on the Iconic Wall at the «Simons Center for Geometry and Physics», Stony Brook S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 2 Prelude S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 3 In the early 1970s I was a staff member at the Frascati National Laboratories of CNEN (then the National Nuclear Energy Agency), and with my colleagues Aurelio Grillo and Giorgio Parisi we were investigating, under the leadership of Raoul Gatto (later Professor at the University of Geneva) the consequences of the application of “Conformal Invariance” to Quantum Field Theory (QFT), stimulated by the ongoing Experiments at SLAC where an unexpected Bjorken Scaling was observed in inclusive electron- proton Cross sections, which was suggesting a larger space-time symmetry in processes dominated by short distance physics. In parallel with Alexander Polyakov, at the time in the Soviet Union, we formulated in those days Conformal invariant Operator Product Expansions (OPE) and proposed the “Conformal Bootstrap” as a non-perturbative approach to QFT. S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 4 Conformal Invariance, OPEs and Conformal Bootstrap has become again a fashionable subject in recent times, because of the introduction of efficient new methods to solve the “Bootstrap Equations” (Riccardo Rattazzi, Slava Rychkov, Erik Tonni, Alessandro Vichi), and mostly because of their role in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The latter, pioneered by Juan Maldacena, Edward Witten, Steve Gubser, Igor Klebanov and Polyakov, can be regarded, to some extent, as one of the great legacies of higher dimensional Supergravity. -
Steven Weinberg Cv Born
STEVEN WEINBERG CV BORN: May 3, 1933, in New York, N.Y. EDUCATION: Cornell University, 1950–1954 (A.B., 1954) Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics, 1954–1955 Princeton University, 1955–1957 (Ph.D.,1957). HONORARY DEGREES: Harvard University, A.M., 1973 Knox College, D.Sc., 1978 University of Chicago, Sc.D., 1978 University of Rochester, Sc.D., l979 Yale University, Sc.D., 1979 City University of New York,Sc.D., 1980 Clark University, Sc.D., 1982 Dartmouth College, Sc.D., 1984 Weizmann Institute, Ph.D. Hon.Caus., 1985 Washington College, D.Litt., 1985 Columbia University, Sc.D., 1990 University of Salamanca, Sc.D., 1992 University of Padua, Ph.D. Hon.Caus., 1992 University of Barcelona, Sc.D., 1996 Bates College, Sc. D., 2002 McGill University, Sc. D., 2003 University of Waterloo, Sc. D., 2004 Renssalear Polytechnic Institue, Sc. D., 2016 Rockefeller University, Sc. D., 2017 PRESENT POSITION: Josey Regental Professor of Science, University of Texas, 1982– PAST POSITIONS: Columbia University, 1957–1959 Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1959–1960 University of California, Berkeley, 1960–1969 On leave, Imperial College, London, 1961–1962 Steven Weinberg 2 Became full professor, 1964 On leave, Harvard University, 1966–1967 On leave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1967–1969 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1969–1973, Professor of Physics Harvard University, 1973–1983, Higgins Professor of Physics On leave 1976–1977, as Visiting Professor of Physics, Stanford University Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 1973-1983, Senior -
2018 BAM Next Wave Festival #Bamnextwave
2018 BAM Next Wave Festival #BAMNextWave Brooklyn Academy of Music Adam E. Max, Katy Clark, Chairman of the Board President William I. Campbell, Joseph V. Melillo, Vice Chairman of the Board Executive Producer Place BAM Harvey Theater Oct 11—13 at 7:30pm; Oct 13 at 2pm Running time: approx. one hour 15 minutes, no intermission Created by Ted Hearne, Patricia McGregor, and Saul Williams Music by Ted Hearne Libretto by Saul Williams and Ted Hearne Directed by Patricia McGregor Conducted by Ted Hearne Scenic design by Tim Brown and Sanford Biggers Video design by Tim Brown Lighting design by Pablo Santiago Costume design by Rachel Myers and E.B. Brooks Sound design by Jody Elff Assistant director Jennifer Newman Co-produced by Beth Morrison Projects and LA Phil Season Sponsor: Leadership support for music programs at BAM provided by the Baisley Powell Elebash Fund Major support for Place provided by Agnes Gund Place FEATURING Steven Bradshaw Sophia Byrd Josephine Lee Isaiah Robinson Sol Ruiz Ayanna Woods INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE Rachel Drehmann French Horn Diana Wade Viola Jacob Garchik Trombone Nathan Schram Viola Matt Wright Trombone Erin Wight Viola Clara Warnaar Percussion Ashley Bathgate Cello Ron Wiltrout Drum Set Melody Giron Cello Taylor Levine Electric Guitar John Popham Cello Braylon Lacy Electric Bass Eileen Mack Bass Clarinet/Clarinet RC Williams Keyboard Christa Van Alstine Bass Clarinet/Contrabass Philip White Electronics Clarinet James Johnston Rehearsal pianist Gareth Flowers Trumpet ADDITIONAL PRODUCTION CREDITS Carolina Ortiz Herrera Lighting Associate Lindsey Turteltaub Stage Manager Shayna Penn Assistant Stage Manager Co-commissioned by the Los Angeles Phil, Beth Morrison Projects, Barbican Centre, Lynn Loacker and Elizabeth & Justus Schlichting with additional commissioning support from Sue Bienkowski, Nancy & Barry Sanders, and the Francis Goelet Charitable Lead Trusts. -
Curriculum Vitæ
Curriculum Vitæ Nome : Laura Maria Andrianopoli Nazionalit`a: Italiana Data e luogo di nascita : 8 Gennaio 1969, Torino (Italia) Lingue parlate : Italiano, Inglese, Francese Posizione attuale : dal 01/11/2007 Ricercatrice Universitaria presso il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino Indirizzo: C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 I-10129 Torino, Italia Indirizzo e-mail : [email protected] Formazione accademica • 1994 - 1997: corso di Dottorato in Fisica presso l'Universit`adi Genova. Rela- tore: Prof. C. Imbimbo; Co-relatore: Prof. R. D'Auria Titolo della Tesi di Dottorato: \U-duality in supergravity theories and extremal black holes", discussa a Roma il giorno 8 Maggio 1998 • Luglio 1994: Laurea in Fisica Teorica presso l'Universit`adi Torino con votazione finale di 110/110 e Lode. Relatore: Prof. Ferdinando Gliozzi; Co-relatore: Prof. Riccardo D'Auria Titolo della Tesi : \Una nuova rappresentazione per l'accoppiamento dei campi scalari alla supergravit`a Attivit`adi Ricerca Borse Post-Dottorato: • 1 Novembre 2004 - 31 Ottobre 2007: Grant da parte del Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, per svolgere ricerche presso la Di- visione Teorica del CERN di Ginevra e il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino. • 1 Novembre 2002 - 31 Ottobre 2004: Posizione di Fellow presso la Divisione Teorica del CERN, Ginevra • 1 Settembre 2000 - 31 Ottobre 2002: Posizione di Assegnista di Ricerca presso il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino • 1 Ottobre 1998 - 31 Agosto 2000: Posizione di Post-Dottorato presso la Divi- sione Teorica dell'Universit`aK.U.Leuven, in Belgio, nell'ambito del progetto: TMR ERBFMRXCT96-0045 • 15 Febbraio 1998 - 30 Settembre 1998: Posizione di borsista presso la Divisione Teorica del CERN, Ginevra grazie al contributo della borsa Angelo Della Riccia • Conferimento della prima posizione nella graduatoria di merito del Concorso INFN a n. -
The Center for Theoretical Physics: the First 50 Years
CTP50 The Center for Theoretical Physics: The First 50 Years Saturday, March 24, 2018 50 SPEAKERS Andrew Childs, Co-Director of the Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer CTPScience and Professor of Computer Science, University of Maryland Will Detmold, Associate Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics Henriette Elvang, Professor of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Alan Guth, Victor Weisskopf Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics Daniel Harlow, Assistant Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics Aram Harrow, Associate Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics David Kaiser, Germeshausen Professor of the History of Science and Professor of Physics Chung-Pei Ma, J. C. Webb Professor of Astronomy and Physics, University of California, Berkeley Lisa Randall, Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science, Harvard University Sanjay Reddy, Professor of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington Tracy Slatyer, Jerrold Zacharias CD Assistant Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics Dam Son, University Professor, University of Chicago Jesse Thaler, Associate Professor, Center for Theoretical Physics David Tong, Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, England and Trinity College Fellow Frank Wilczek, Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics and 2004 Nobel Laureate The Center for Theoretical Physics: The First 50 Years 3 50 SCHEDULE 9:00 Introductions and Welcomes: Michael Sipser, Dean of Science; CTP Peter -
Henry Moore Institute Online Papers and Proceedings
Jürgen Partenheimer Carola Giedion Welcker at Doldertal – A personal encounter between literature and art 9 June 2006 Source: Henry Moore Institute Online Papers and Proceedings www.henry-moore.org/hmi This article has been downloaded from the Henry Moore Institute’s collection of Online Papers and Proceedings, an online publishing facility bringing you the most recent developments in sculpture studies from both inside and outside the Institute. Here you'll find proceedings from many of the Institute's international conferences as well as the latest research from both up-and-coming and established scholars. Copyright remains with the author. Any reproduction must be authorised by the author. Contact: [email protected] The Henry Moore Institute is a world-recognised centre for the study of sculpture in the heart of Leeds. An award-winning exhibitions venue, research centre, library and sculpture archive, the Institute hosts a year-round programme of exhibitions, conferences and lectures, as well as developing research and publications, to expand the understanding and scholarship of historical and contemporary sculpture. The Institute is a part of The Henry Moore Foundation, which was set up by Moore in 1977 to encourage appreciation of the visual arts, especially sculpture. To subscribe our newsletter email: [email protected] www.twitter.com/HMILeeds 1 Jürgen Partenheimer Carola Giedion Welcker at Doldertal – A personal encounter between literature and art A glimpse rather than a profile. I Let me begin this short article with a quote from a letter, which Carola Giedion-Welcker wrote to me from Zurich on the 7th of October 1975: ‘Just now I have received Les Lauriers sont coupe’ by E. -
STORYTELLER SUPREME Maeve Binchy - a Literary Life
UCD_OFC.qxd 15/05/2007 10:50 Page 1 UCD ISSUE 12, 2007 CONNECTIONS THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN ALUMNI ENVIRONMENT Frank McDonald on Urban Sprawl VIEW FROM HOME Anne Heraty on Business Success STORYTELLER SUPREME Maeve Binchy - A Literary Life PLUS: EARLSFORT CELEBRATES * RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS * FUTURE FUELS * CLASS NOTES UCD_2-3.qxd 15/05/2007 10:54 Page 3 WELCOME WELCOME TO UCD CONNECTIONS Welcome to this year’s edition of UCD Connections. This magazine contains lots of news about our graduates, where they are and what they are doing. It also aims to keep you informed on developments at your university. In October 2006, the university launched the Gateway Project – a major international architecture competition involving the redevelopment of some 10 hectares around the main entrance of the Belfield campus. The project challenged architects to create a defining structural feature for UCD to serve both as an internationally recognisable landmark and also meet extensive functional requirements. It is to comprise academic, cultural, leisure and business facilities and it marks the start of a 15-year Development Plan for a sustainable, healthy and living campus. Against this backdrop, another important episode of UCD history is playing out. Earlsfort Terrace has been sold to the State to facilitate the redevelopment of the National Concert Hall. UCD can now complete the move to Belfield and deliver on the vision set out by Michael Tierney, President of the university in the 1960s. As we say farewell to Earlsfort Terrace, I am reminded of the origins of that building, which for 124 years played such a central role in UCD life. -
STRING THEORY in the TWENTIETH CENTURY John H
STRING THEORY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY John H. Schwarz Strings 2016 { August 1, 2016 ABSTRACT String theory has been described as 21st century sci- ence, which was discovered in the 20th century. Most of you are too young to have experienced what happened. Therefore, I think it makes sense to summarize some of the highlights in this opening lecture. Since I only have 25 minutes, this cannot be a com- prehensive history. Important omitted topics include 2d CFT, string field theory, topological string theory, string phenomenology, and contributions to pure mathematics. Even so, I probably have too many slides. 1 1960 { 68: The analytic S matrix The goal was to construct the S matrix that describes hadronic scattering amplitudes by assuming • Unitarity and analyticity of the S matrix • Analyticity in angular momentum and Regge Pole The- ory • The bootstrap conjecture, which developed into Dual- ity (e.g., between s-channel and t-channel resonances) 2 The dual resonance model In 1968 Veneziano found an explicit realization of duality and Regge behavior in the narrow resonance approxima- tion: Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t)) A(s; t) = g2 ; Γ(−α(s) − α(t)) 0 α(s) = α(0) + α s: The motivation was phenomenological. Incredibly, this turned out to be a tree amplitude in a string theory! 3 Soon thereafter Virasoro proposed, as an alternative, g2 Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t))Γ(−α(u)) T = 2 2 2 ; −α(t)+α(u) −α(s)+α(u) −α(s)+α(t) Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 ) which has similar virtues. -
Physics and Mathematics : a Happily Evolving Marriage ?
PUBLICATIONS MATHÉMATIQUES DE L’I.H.É.S. GABRIELE VENEZIANO Physics and mathematics : a happily evolving marriage ? Publications mathématiques de l’I.H.É.S., tome S88 (1998), p. 183-189 <http://www.numdam.org/item?id=PMIHES_1998__S88__183_0> © Publications mathématiques de l’I.H.É.S., 1998, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Publications mathématiques de l’I.H.É.S. » (http:// www.ihes.fr/IHES/Publications/Publications.html) implique l’accord avec les conditions géné- rales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou im- pression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright. Article numérisé dans le cadre du programme Numérisation de documents anciens mathématiques http://www.numdam.org/ PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS: A HAPPILY EVOLVING MARRIAGE? by GABRIELE VENEZIANO Abstract. - The interplay of physics and mathematics started affecting my student life some forty years ago, and has remained a personal struggle since. 1. High School Days Forty years ago, when the IHÉS was created, I was in my third year as a high school student in Florence. 1 was doing well in most subjects, typically through hard work, and, with almost no effort, 1 was doing particularly well in maths and physics. These two subjects were taught, in Italian high schools, by the same Professor. Very luckily, my class had been assigned to an excellent teacher whose name 1 still remember: Prof. Liverani. 1 recall very well how he gave me the feeling he loved those two subjects and how he could transmit this love to (some of) us. -
The Birth of String Theory
The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli INFN, Florence Elena Castellani Department of Philosophy, University of Florence Filippo Colomo INFN, Florence Paolo Di Vecchia The Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen and Nordita, Stockholm Contents Contributors page vii Preface xi Contents of Editors' Chapters xiv Abbreviations and acronyms xviii Photographs of contributors xxi Part I Overview 1 1 Introduction and synopsis 3 2 Rise and fall of the hadronic string Gabriele Veneziano 19 3 Gravity, unification, and the superstring John H. Schwarz 41 4 Early string theory as a challenging case study for philo- sophers Elena Castellani 71 EARLY STRING THEORY 91 Part II The prehistory: the analytic S-matrix 93 5 Introduction to Part II 95 6 Particle theory in the Sixties: from current algebra to the Veneziano amplitude Marco Ademollo 115 7 The path to the Veneziano model Hector R. Rubinstein 134 iii iv Contents 8 Two-component duality and strings Peter G.O. Freund 141 9 Note on the prehistory of string theory Murray Gell-Mann 148 Part III The Dual Resonance Model 151 10 Introduction to Part III 153 11 From the S-matrix to string theory Paolo Di Vecchia 178 12 Reminiscence on the birth of string theory Joel A. Shapiro 204 13 Personal recollections Daniele Amati 219 14 Early string theory at Fermilab and Rutgers Louis Clavelli 221 15 Dual amplitudes in higher dimensions: a personal view Claud Lovelace 227 16 Personal recollections on dual models Renato Musto 232 17 Remembering the `supergroup' collaboration Francesco Nicodemi 239 18 The `3-Reggeon vertex' Stefano Sciuto 246 Part IV The string 251 19 Introduction to Part IV 253 20 From dual models to relativistic strings Peter Goddard 270 21 The first string theory: personal recollections Leonard Susskind 301 22 The string picture of the Veneziano model Holger B. -
Pos(HRMS)078 ∗ [email protected] Speaker
Two unforgettable years with Hector PoS(HRMS)078 Gabriele Veneziano∗ Collège de France, Paris, France and Theory Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] .......................... ........................... Quarks, Strings and the Cosmos - Hector Rubinstein Memorial Symposium August 09-11, 2010 AlbaNova (Stockholm) Sweden ∗Speaker. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ Two unforgettable years Gabriele Veneziano 1. Another lucky coincidence As a high school student in Florence I had the luck of being taught by some excellent teachers: Professor Tebaldo Liverani, in particular, was the one who initiated me to loving maths and physics. His preference, he once confessed, went to the former. However, after some hesitation, mine went to the latter as I entered the local University in 1960. Three years later I had to make another choice, this time about which branch of physics to go for. I was about to be "recruited" by the local high-energy experimental group when, just in time, Professor Raoul Gatto moved from Cagliari to Florence and "rescued" me to theoretical physics. PoS(HRMS)078 At the end of 1965 I received my "Laurea" in physics defending a thesis on some applications of the group SU(6)W . Only later I learned that the W in there apparently stood for Weizmann . Working in Florence as one of Gatto’s "gattini" was very stimulating. However, having always lived at home in my family in Florence, I felt the need to enlarge my horizons, both in physics and in life in general.