Table of Contents More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19790-8 - The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli, Elena Castellani, Filippo Colomo and Paolo Di Vecchia Table of Contents More information

Contents

List of contributors page x Photographs of contributors xiv Preface xxi Abbreviations and acronyms xxiv Part I Overview 1 1 Introduction and synopsis 3 2 Rise and fall of the hadronic string 17 gabriele veneziano 3 Gravity, uniﬁcation, and the superstring 37 john h. schwarz 4 Early string theory as a challenging case study for philosophers 63 elena castellani EARLY STRING THEORY Part II The prehistory: the analytic S-matrix 81 5 Introduction to Part II 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Perturbative quantum ﬁeld theory 84 5.3 The hadron spectrum 88 5.4 S-matrix theory 91 5.5 The Veneziano amplitude 97 6 Particle theory in the Sixties: from current algebra to the Veneziano amplitude 100 marco ademollo 7 The path to the Veneziano model 116 hector r. rubinstein

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19790-8 - The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli, Elena Castellani, Filippo Colomo and Paolo Di Vecchia Table of Contents More information

vi Contents

8 Two-component duality and strings 122 peter g.o. freund 9 Note on the prehistory of string theory 129 murray gell-mann Part III The Dual Resonance Model 133 10 Introduction to Part III 135 10.1 Introduction 135 10.2 N-point dual scattering amplitudes 137 10.3 Conformal symmetry 145 10.4 Operator formalism 147 10.5 Physical states 150 10.6 The tachyon 153 11 From the S-matrix to string theory 156 paolo di vecchia 12 Reminiscence on the birth of string theory 179 joel a. shapiro 13 Personal recollections 191 daniele amati 14 Early string theory at Fermilab and Rutgers 193 louis clavelli 15 Dual amplitudes in higher dimensions: a personal view 198 claud lovelace 16 Personal recollections on dual models 202 renato musto 17 Remembering the ‘supergroup’ collaboration 208 francesco nicodemi 18 The ‘3-Reggeon vertex’ 214 stefano sciuto Part IV The string 219 19 Introduction to Part IV 221 19.1 Introduction 221 19.2 The vibrating string 223 19.3 The rotating rod 226 19.4 The relativistic point particle 228

Contents vii

19.5 The string action 230 19.6 The quantum theory of the string 231 20 From dual models to relativistic strings 236 peter goddard 21 The ﬁrst string theory: personal recollections 262 leonard susskind 22 The string picture of the Veneziano model 266 holger b. nielsen 23 From the S-matrix to string theory 275 yoichiro nambu 24 The analogue model for string amplitudes 283 david b. fairlie 25 Factorization in dual models and functional integration in string theory 294 stanley mandelstam 26 The hadronic origins of string theory 312 richard c. brower TOWARDS MODERN STRING THEORY Part V Beyond the bosonic string 329 27 Introduction to Part V 331 27.1 Introduction 331 27.2 Chan–Paton factors 333 27.3 The Lovelace–Shapiro amplitude 334 27.4 The Ramond model 335 27.5 The Neveu–Schwarz model 338 27.6 The Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz model 339 27.7 World-sheet supersymmetry 341 27.8 Afﬁne Lie algebras 344 28 From dual fermion to superstring 346 david i. olive 29 Dual model with fermions: memoirs of an early string theorist 361 pierre ramond 30 Personal recollections 373 andre´ neveu 31 Aspects of fermionic dual models 378 edward corrigan

viii Contents

32 The dual quark models 393 korkut bardakci and martin b. halpern 33 Remembering the dawn of relativistic strings 407 jean-loup gervais 34 Early string theory in Cambridge: personal recollections 414 claus montonen Part VI The superstring 419 35 Introduction to Part VI 421 35.1 Introduction 421 35.2 The field theory limit 423 35.3 Unification of all interactions 427 35.4 The QCD string 431 35.5 A detour on spinors 433 35.6 Spacetime supersymmetry 434 35.7 The GSO projection 437 35.8 The Kaluza–Klein reduction and supersymmetry breaking 439 35.9 The local supersymmetric action for the superstring 442 35.10 Supergravity 444 36 Supersymmetry in string theory 447 ferdinando gliozzi 37 Gravity from strings: personal reminiscences of early developments 459 tamiaki yoneya 38 From the Nambu–Goto to the σ -model action 474 lars brink 39 Locally supersymmetric action for the superstring 484 paolo di vecchia 40 Personal recollections 490 eugene` cremmer 41 The scientific contributions of Joel¨ Scherk 496 john h. schwarz Part VII Preparing the string renaissance 509 42 Introduction to Part VII 511 42.1 Introduction 511 42.2 Supergravity unification of all interactions 512 42.3 A novel light-cone formalism 514 42.4 Modern covariant quantization 518

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42.5 Anomaly cancellation 521 42.6 A new era starts or, maybe better, continues 525 43 From strings to superstrings: a personal perspective 527 michael b. green 44 Quarks, strings and beyond 544 alexander m. polyakov 45 The rise of superstring theory 552 andrea cappelli and filippo colomo

Appendix A Theoretical tools of the Sixties 569 Appendix B The Veneziano amplitude 579 Appendix C From the string action to the Dual Resonance Model 586 Appendix D World-sheet and target-space supersymmetry 604 Appendix E The ﬁeld theory limit 620 Index 626