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Human Systems Integration Is Worth the Money and Effort! the Argument for the Implementation of Human Systems Integration Processes in Defence Capability Acquisition

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Human Systems Integration Is Worth the Money and Effort! the Argument for the Implementation of Human Systems Integration Processes in Defence Capability Acquisition Human Systems Integration is worth the money and effort! The argument for the implementation of Human Systems Integration processes in Defence capability acquisition Defence Intranet ohsc.defence.gov.au/ Defence Internet www.defence.gov.au/dpe/ohsc PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Human Systems Integration is worth the money and effort! The argument for the implementation of Human Systems iii Integration processes in Defence capability acquisition Prepared for: Human Systems Integration Framework, Occupational Health & Safety Branch People Strategies and Policy Group, Department of Defence Canberra, ACT, 2600 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Burgess-Limerick, Robin. Title: Human Systems Integration is worth the money and effort! The argument for the implementation of Human Systems Integration processes in Defence capability acquisition [electronic resource] / prepared by Robin Burgess-Limerick, Cristina Cotea, Eva Pietrzak. ISBN: 9780642297327 (pdf) Subjects: Australia. Dept. of Defence. Human engineering. Systems engineering. Automation–Human factors. Other Authors/Contributors: Cotea, Cristina. Pietrzak, Eva. Defence Occupational Health and Safety Branch (Australia). Dewey Number: 620.8 iv Conditions of Release and Disposal © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Department of Defence. Announcement statement—may be announced to the public. Secondary release—may be released to the public. All Defence information, whether classified or not, is protected from unauthorised disclosure under the Crimes Act 1914. Defence information may only be released in accordance with the Defence Protective Security Manual (SECMAN 4) and/or Defence Instruction (General) OPS 13–4—Release of Classified Defence Information to Other Countries, as appropriate. Requests and inquiries should be addressed to the Director General, Occupational Health and Safety Branch, People Strategies and Policy Group, BP35–5–50, Department of Defence, CANBERRA ACT 2600. HUMAN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE HUMAN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION FOREWORD Welcome to Defence’s Human Systems Integration Framework Literature Review. This work, entitled Human Systems Integration is worth the money and effort! The argument for the implementation of Human Systems Integration processes in Defence capability acquisition makes the case for human systems integration (HSI) as an important consideration in Defence capability acquisitions, both small and large. HSI is significant because Defence people are a fundamental input to capability. The development of capability is nothing without people, and its operational use must not only be effective and efficient, but also safe from foreseeable mishap, harm and long term injury to our people. The work, prepared by a team of academics from the University of Queensland as part of a Defence Occupational Health and Safety Committee (DOHSC) funded program, will inform the scope and nature of further work envisaged by Defence in the area of human systems integration. There is a cogent argument for addressing the development of HSI plans and implementation of HSI programs early in the acquisition process. Moreover, there is evidence for a conclusion that investment in HSI implementation has a positive and probably large return on investment for Defence and its people. In 2006, the DOHSC directed OHS Branch, to assess where Defence was in regard to the application of “Safe Design” principles within the Defence Capability Lifecycle (DCL). A Gap v Analysis Report, concluded that there was significant scope for improving the systematic application of Safe Design in all phases of the DCL. The DOHSC endorsed a phased implementation of a Human Systems Integration Framework (HSIF), aiming to achieve not only the intent of Safe Design, but also extending beyond this by improving whole-of-capability performance through ensuring that people capabilities and needs are appropriately considered and incorporated into system design and development from the outset. The HSIF Project is being progressed by OHS Branch to deliver policy, guidance material and reports. The review of contemporary national and international literature was identified as an early guide for the project. Military operations are inherently hazardous: the likelihood of mistakes is elevated and the consequences increasingly serious. The challenge is to learn and incorporate those lessons from operational use and to avoid the mistakes of the past. A literature review ensures those outcomes are shared. Of particular interest is the evidence in relation to a number of key research questions, including s¬ (OW¬HAS¬(3)¬BEEN¬IMPLEMENTED¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ $OES¬(3)¬IMPROVE¬SAFETY¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ $OES¬(3)¬IMPROVE¬PRODUCTIVITY ¬EFFECTIVENESS¬OR¬EFlCIENCY¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ (OW¬HAS¬THE¬COSTnBENElT¬OF¬(3)¬BEEN¬ASSESSED¬FOR¬$EFENCE¬PRODUCTS¬MATERIÏL ¬$EFENCE¬ INFRASTRUCTURE¬OR¬IN¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES¬ s¬ )S¬(3)¬COST EFFECTIVE¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES HSIF Project staff have witnessed a growing interest in HSI amongst the Defence acquisition community and HSI influence on a number of policy and major program outcomes, including SEA 1000, Land 121 and 400 Project activities. The People Imperative in Defence document “People in Defence” and the Strategic Reform Program 2009, “Delivering Force 2030” and their attendant reforms also accommodate the argument for investment in HSI. Analysis of local and international literature affirms that implementing HSI processes reduces the probability of adverse safety and health outcomes, reduces the chance of program failure, improves equipment effectiveness and reduces overall costs. The pursuit of cumulative risk reduction across projects provides corresponding reductions in acquisition and through-life costs, and these outcomes impact on how we do business now and into the future. This literature review offers HSI/Domain practitioners, scientists, project staff and desk officers an improved understanding of why HSI is important as well as access to a robust examination of existing HSI considerations including case studies, research on the application of safety design and human factors on equipment, platforms and systems, and a searchable EndNote® database. This database facilitates access to a range of tools, techniques and guidance materials. It will be a useful resource to support Defence HSI activities. We would like to acknowledge a small group of dedicated personnel, all of whom worked with much enthusiasm and commitment over the course of this work including the three authors Associate Professor Robin Burgess-Limerick PhD CPE, Ms Cristina Cotea BSc (Hons) and Ms Eva Pietrzak PhD from the University of Queensland, and Mr PJ Fleming, HSI Framework Project Manager and Mr Anthony Jonkergouw, Project Officer, OHS Branch. vi The challenge as we move forward is to encourage senior managers, scientists, capability desk officers and project staff to harness this resource to protect Defence people, improve productivity, effectiveness and efficiency, procure better equipment and capability, and reduce the probability of acquisition program failure. We commend this document to you and encourage your continued discussion and utilisation of the HSI capability. Craig Orme Lindsay Kranz Major General (J1 ADF) Director General Head People Capability Occupational Health and Safety Branch People Strategies and Policy Group November 2010 HUMAN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE HUMAN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of this review is to inform Department of Defence activities in the area of Human Systems Integration (HSI). Evidence is collated to address the following questions: s¬ (OW¬HAS¬(3)¬BEEN¬IMPLEMENTED¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ $OES¬(3)¬IMPROVE¬SAFETY¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ $OES¬(3)¬IMPROVE¬PRODUCTIVITY ¬EFFECTIVENESS ¬OR¬EFlCIENCY¬IN¬$EFENCE¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ (OW¬HAS¬THE¬COSTnBENElT¬OF¬(3)¬BEEN¬ASSESSED¬FOR¬$EFENCE¬PRODUCTS¬MATÏRIEL ¬$EFENCE¬ INFRASTRUCTURE¬OR¬IN¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES s¬ )S¬(3)¬COST EFFECTIVE¬IN¬$EFENCE ¬OR¬OTHER¬INDUSTRIES Three independent search strategies were employed to ensure the comprehensive identification of RELEVANT¬LITERATURE¬I ¬DATABASE¬SEARCHES¬II ¬AN¬ITERATIVE¬MANUAL¬IDENTIlCATION¬OF¬REFERENCES¬CITED¬IN¬ RECENT¬REVIEW¬PAPERS¬AND¬III ¬IDENTIlCATION¬OF¬DOCUMENTS¬WHICH¬CITE¬SEMINAL¬WORKS¬IN¬THE¬AREA¬ Formal HSI implementation programs have been established within the United States Department of Defense (DOD), and more recently in the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (MOD), as well as civilian agencies such as the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and vii the US Federal Aviation Authority (FAA). Program managers within these agencies are required to develop and implement a HSI Plan in order to optimize total system performance, minimize total ownership costs, and ensure that the system is built to accommodate the characteristics of the user population that will operate, maintain, and support the system (DOD Instruction 5000.02 enclosure 8). A large range of HSI methods and tools are available, and extensive direction, guidance and advisory documentation is provided by these agencies, and others such as the United Kingdom Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre and the European Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation. A searchable
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