The Macintosh Design Team, February 1984, BYTE Magazine
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Steve Wozniak Was Born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, Both Attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California
Steve Wozniak was born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, both attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California, Wozniak dropped out of Berkeley, took a job at Hewlett-Packard as an engineer. They met at HP in 1971. Jobs was 16 and Wozniak 21. 1975 Wozniak and Jobs in their garage working on early computer technologies Together, they built and sold a device called a “blue box.” It could hack AT&T’s long-distance network so that phone calls could be made for free. Jobs went to Oregon’s Reed College in 1972, quit in 1974, and took a job at Atari designing video games. 1974 Wozniak invited Jobs to join the ‘Homebrew Computer Club’ in Palo Alto, a group of electronics-enthusiasts who met at Stanford 1974 they began work on what would become the Apple I, essentially a circuit board, in Jobs’ bedroom. 1976 chiefly by Wozniak’s hand, they had a small, easy-to-use computer – smaller than a portable typewriter. In technical terms, this was the first single-board, microprocessor-based microcomputer (CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips) shown at the Homebrew Computer Club. An Apple I computer with a custom-built wood housing with keyboard. They took their new computer to the companies they were familiar with, Hewlett-Packard and Atari, but neither saw much demand for a “personal” computer. Jobs proposed that he and Wozniak start their own company to sell the devices. They agreed to go for it and set up shop in the Jobs’ family garage. Apple I A main circuit board with a tape-interface sold separately, could use a TV as the display system, text only. -
Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox
Inf-GraphDraw: Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox Reinhard von Hanxleden [email protected] 1 [Wikipedia] • One of the first highly successful mass- produced microcomputer products • 5–6 millions produced from 1977 to 1993 • Designed to look like a home appliance • It’s success caused IBM to build the PC • Influenced by Breakout • Visicalc, earliest spreadsheet, first ran on Apple IIe 1981: Xerox Star • Officially named Xerox 8010 Information System • First commercial system to incorporate various technologies that have since become standard in personal computers: • Bitmapped display, window-based graphical user interface • Icons, folders, mouse (two-button) • Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and e- mail. • Sold with software based on Lisp (early functional/AI language) and Smalltalk (early OO language) [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Xerox Star Evolution of “Document” Icon Shape [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0] 1983: Apple Lisa [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr] Apple Lisa • One of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface (GUI) • In 1982, Steve Jobs (Cofounder of Apple, with Steve Wozniak) was forced out of Lisa project, moved on into existing Macintosh project, and redefined Mac as cheaper, more usable version of Lisa • Lisa was challenged by relatively high price, insufficient SW library, unreliable floppy disks, and immediate release of Macintosh • Sold just about 10,000 units in two years • Introduced several advanced features that would not reappear on Mac or PC for many years Lisa Office -
David T. Craig 941 Calle Mejia # 509, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 Home (505) 820-0358 Compuserve 71533,606
------------------------------------------------------- David T. Craig 941 Calle Mejia # 509, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 Home (505) 820-0358 CompuServe 71533,606 ------------------------------------------------------- Mr. Jef Raskin 8 Gypsy Hill Pacifica CA 94044 Re: Canon Cat and SwyftCard information Dear Mr. Raskin: Enclosed is a photocopy of the Canon Cat article that I wrote for the Historical Computer Society. The printed article is much better than the draft that you saw. Thanks for your help. Unfortunately, I was unable to obtain copies of all of your various articles concerning the Cat and Information Appliance. I did finally receive your LEAP paper from my local public library via inter-library loan, but the library could not locate your Venture Vulture paper. I received the LEAP paper after I had sent the final Cat paper for publication so was not able to correctly document LEAP's technology. In an e-mail to me from at least a month ago you said that if I sent you an envelope large enough for a SwyftCard and return postage that you would send me one. Please use the envelope that I've sent this letter in for this purpose. You should also find here self-sticking stamps for the postage and a mailing label with my mailing address. I would also very much like, if possible, to obtain a user's manual for the SwyftCard. From your comments in Microsoft's book Programmers at Work this manual seems to be very well written. There is no rush in returning this envelope so please take your time. I am slowly updating my Cat paper to add a correct description of LEAP and more information about the people behind the Cat and its hardware and software. -
Publications Core Magazine, 2007 Read
CA PUBLICATIONo OF THE COMPUTERre HISTORY MUSEUM ⁄⁄ SPRINg–SUMMER 2007 REMARKABLE PEOPLE R E scuE d TREAsuREs A collection saved by SAP Focus on E x TRAORdinARy i MAGEs Computers through the Robert Noyce lens of Mark Richards PUBLISHER & Ed I t o R - I n - c hie f THE BEST WAY Karen M. Tucker E X E c U t I V E E d I t o R TO SEE THE FUTURE Leonard J. Shustek M A n A GI n G E d I t o R OF COMPUTING IS Robert S. Stetson A S S o c IA t E E d I t o R TO BROWSE ITS PAST. Kirsten Tashev t E c H n I c A L E d I t o R Dag Spicer E d I t o R Laurie Putnam c o n t RIBU t o RS Leslie Berlin Chris garcia Paula Jabloner Luanne Johnson Len Shustek Dag Spicer Kirsten Tashev d E S IG n Kerry Conboy P R o d U c t I o n ma n ager Robert S. Stetson W E BSI t E M A n AGER Bob Sanguedolce W E BSI t E d ESIG n The computer. In all of human history, rarely has one invention done Dana Chrisler so much to change the world in such a short time. Ton Luong The Computer History Museum is home to the world’s largest collection computerhistory.org/core of computing artifacts and offers a variety of exhibits, programs, and © 2007 Computer History Museum. -
Apple's Mac Team Gathers for Insanely Great Twiggy Mac Reunion
Apple's Mac team gathers for insanely great Twiggy Mac reunion SILICON BEAT By Mike Cassidy Mercury News Columnist ([email protected] / 408-920-5536 / Twitter.com/mikecassidy) POSTED: 09/12/2013 11:57:40 AM PDT MOUNTAIN VIEW -- In Silicon Valley, it's not a question of "What have you done for me lately?" -- the question is, "So, what are you going to do for me next?" And so, you have to wonder what it's like to be best known for something you did 30 years ago. Randy Wigginton, one of the freewheeling pirates who worked under Steve Jobs on Apple's (AAPL) dent-in-the-world, 1984 Macintosh, has an easy answer. "It's awesome," says Wigginton, who led the effort on the MacWrite word processor. "People don't get to change the world very often. How much luckier can a guy be? I've had a very blessed life." The blessings were very much on Wigginton's mind the other day as he and a long list of early Apple employees got together to check out the resurrection of a rare machine known as the Twiggy Mac. The prototype was a key chapter in the development of the original Mac, which of course was a key chapter in the development of the personal computer and by extension the personal music player, the smartphone, the smart tablet and a nearly ubiquitous digital lifestyle that has turned the world on its head. Some of the key players in that story, first immortalized in Steven Levy's "Insanely Great" and again in Walter Isaacson's "Steve Jobs" and most recently, docudrama fashion, in the movie "Jobs," gathered at the Computer History Museum to get a look at the Mac and at old friends who'd done so much together. -
Software Testing
Software testing PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Wed, 24 Aug 2011 09:57:44 UTC Contents Articles Introduction 1 Software testing 1 Black-box testing 16 Black-box testing 16 Exploratory testing 17 San Francisco depot 19 Session-based testing 20 Scenario testing 22 Equivalence partitioning 22 Boundary-value analysis 24 All-pairs testing 25 Fuzz testing 26 Cause-effect graph 30 Model-based testing 31 Web testing 35 Installation testing 37 White-box testing 38 White-box testing 38 Code coverage 39 Modified Condition/Decision Coverage 44 Fault injection 45 Bebugging 50 Mutation testing 51 Testing of non functional software aspects 55 Non-functional testing 55 Software performance testing 56 Stress testing 62 Load testing 63 Volume testing 67 Scalability testing 67 Compatibility testing 68 Portability testing 69 Security testing 69 Attack patterns 71 Localization testing 75 Pseudolocalization 76 Recovery testing 77 Soak testing 78 Characterization test 78 Unit testing 80 Unit testing 80 Self-testing code 85 Test fixture 86 Method stub 88 Mock object 89 Lazy systematic unit testing 92 Test Anything Protocol 93 xUnit 96 List of unit testing frameworks 98 SUnit 129 JUnit 130 CppUnit 132 Test::More 133 NUnit 134 NUnitAsp 136 csUnit 138 HtmlUnit 140 Test automation 141 Test automation 141 Test bench 145 Test execution engine 146 Test stubs 148 Testware 149 Test automation framework 150 Data-driven testing 151 Modularity-driven testing 152 Keyword-driven testing -
Hintz 1 DRAFT V1 – Please Do Not Cite Without Author's Permission. Susan
Hintz 1 Susan Kare: Design Icon by Eric S. Hintz, PhD Historian, Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution [email protected] SHOT SIGCIS – Works in Progress Session Albuquerque, NM October 11, 2015 DEAR COLLEAGUES: Thanks for reading this work-in-progress! I’m a SIGCIS rookie and relatively new to the history of computing. Thus, in terms of feedback, I’d appreciate a) some sense of whether this proposed article would have any traction within the scholarly/SIGCIS community and b) some help situating the story within the relevant secondary literature and historiography. Finally, given the largely non-archival sources I had to work with, I wrote this up more like a magazine feature (vs. scholarly article) so I’d also appreciate c) any suggestions for appropriate journals and publication venues. P.S. This article is ripe for lots of colorful images. Thanks! ESH Graphic designer Susan Kare has been called the “the Betsy Ross of the personal computer,” the “Queen of Look and Feel,” the “Matisse of computer icons,” and the “mother of the Mac trash can.”1 Indeed, Kare is best known for designing most of the distinctive icons, typefaces, and other graphic elements that gave the Apple Macintosh its characteristic—and widely emulated—look and feel. Since her work on the Mac during the early 1980s, Kare has spent the last three decades designing user interface elements for many of the leading software and Internet firms, from Microsoft and Oracle to Facebook and Paypal. Kare’s work is omnipresent in the digital realm; if you have clicked on an icon to save a file, switched the fonts in a document from Geneva to Monaco, or tapped your smart phone screen to launch a mobile app, then you have benefited from her designs. -
Jerry Manock Collection of Apple History Ephemera M1880
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c82j6dzf No online items Guide to the Jerry Manock Collection of Apple History ephemera M1880 Finding aid prepared by Olin Laster Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Stanford University Libraries. 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, California, 94305 Email: [email protected] 2012-4-16 Guide to the Jerry Manock M1880 1 Collection of Apple History ephemera M1880 Title: Jerry Manock Collection of Apple History ephemera Identifier/Call Number: M1880 Contributing Institution: Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 15.0 Linear feet(6 manuscript boxes, 5 record storage boxes, 3 flat boxes, 7 map folders; 1 optical disk and 4 cassettes.) Date (inclusive): 1966-2007 Physical Location: Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website: http://library.stanford.edu/depts/spc/spc.html. Abstract: This collection contains many blueprints, artifacts, and documentation of Manock's time both at Stanford University as an engineering student and at Apple as a product designer. Biography Jerrold Clifford Manock (born February 21, 1944) is an American industrial designer. He worked for Apple Computer from 1977 to 1984, contributing to housing designs for the Apple II, Apple III, and earlier compact Apple Macintosh computers. Manock is widely regarded as the "father" of the Apple Industrial Design Group. Since 1976 he is the president and principal designer of Manock Comprehensive Design, Inc., with offices in Palo Alto, California, and, after 1985, in Burlington, Vermont. -
Apple Inc. This Article Is About the Technology Company
Apple Inc. This article is about the technology company. For other companies named "Apple", see Apple (disambiguation). Apple Inc. Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: AAPL NASDAQ-100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Computer hardware Computer software Consumer electronics Digital distribution Founded April 1, 1976 (incorporated January 3, 1977 as Apple Computer, Inc.) Founder(s) Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak Ronald Wayne[1] Headquarters Apple Campus, 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, U.S. Number of 357 retail stores(as of October 2011) locations Area served Worldwide Key people Tim Cook (CEO) Arthur Levinson (Chairman)[2] Sir Jonathan Ive (SVP, Industrial Design) Steve Jobs (Chairman, 1976-1985/2011; CEO, 1997– 2011) Products Products list[show] Services Services list[show] [3] Revenue US$ 108.249 billion (FY 2011) [3] Operating income US$ 33.790 billion (FY 2011) [3] Profit US$ 25.922 billion (FY 2011) [3] Total assets US$ 116.371 billion (FY 2011) [3] Total equity US$ 76.615 billion (FY 2011) Employees 60,400 (2011)[4] Subsidiaries Braeburn Capital FileMaker Inc. Anobit Website Apple.com Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL ; formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sellsconsumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products are the Macintoshline of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Its software includes the Mac OS X operating system; the iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWork suite of productivity software; Aperture, a professional photography package; Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products; Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; the Safari web browser; and iOS, a mobile operating system. -
101 Ways to Save Apple by James Daly
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.06/apple_pr.html 101 Ways to Save Apple By James Daly An assessment of what can be done to fix a once-great company. Dear Apple, In the movie Independence Day, a PowerBook saves the earth from destruction. Now it's time to return the favor. Unfortunately, even devoted Mac addicts must admit that you look a little beleaguered these days: a confusing product line, little inspiration from the top, software developers fleeing. But who wants to live in a world without you? Not us. So we surveyed a cross section of hardcore Mac fans and came up with 101 ways to get you back on the path to salvation. We chose not to resort to time travel or regurgitate the same old shoulda/coulda/wouldas (you shoulda licensed your OS in 1987, for instance, or coulda upped your price/performance in 1993). We don't believe Apple is rotten to the core. Chrysler nearly went under in the late 1970s and came back to lead its industry. Here's a fresh assessment of what can be done to fix your once-great company using the material at hand. Don't wait for a miracle. You have the power to save the world - and yourself. Edited by James Daly 1. Admit it. You're out of the hardware game. Outsource your hardware production, or scrap it entirely, to compete more directly with Microsoft without the liability of manufacturing boxes. 2. License the Apple name/technology to appliance manufacturers and build GUIs for every possible device - from washing machines to telephones to WebTV. -
Apple Computer, Inc. Records M1007
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4t1nb0n3 No online items Guide to the Apple Computer, Inc. Records M1007 Department of Special Collections and University Archives 1998 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Guide to the Apple Computer, Inc. M1007 1 Records M1007 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Apple Computer, Inc. Records creator: Apple Computer, Inc. Identifier/Call Number: M1007 Physical Description: 600 Linear Feet Date (inclusive): 1977-1998 Abstract: Collection contains organizational charts, annual reports, company directories, internal communications, engineering reports, design materials, press releases, manuals, public relations materials, human resource information, videotapes, audiotapes, software, hardware, and corporate memorabilia. Also includes information regarding the Board of Directors and their decisions. Physical Description: ca. 600 linear ft. Access Open for research; material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use. As per legal agreement, copies of audio-visual material are only available in the Special Collections reading room unless explicit written permission from the copyright holder is obtained. The Hardware Series is unavailable until processed. For further details please contact Stanford Special Collections ([email protected]). Conditions Governing Use While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns. -
A Cabeça De Steve Jobs Leander Kahney Tradução Maria Helena Lyra Carlos Irineu Da Costa 4ª Reimpressão
A cabeça de Steve Jobs Leander Kahney Tradução Maria Helena Lyra Carlos Irineu da Costa 4ª reimpressão Título original Inside Steves Brain Copyright da tradução © 2008, Agir Editora Copyright © 2008, Leander Kahney Publicado em concordância com o Portfolio, selo do Penguin Group (USA) Inc. Capa e projeto gráfico Tita Nigrí Foto de capa Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Preparação de originais e revisão técnica Carlos Irineu da Costa Revisão Tais Monteiro Produção editorial Maíra Alves CIP-Brasil. Catalogação-na-fonte. Sindicato Nacional dos Editores de Livros, RJ. K18c Kahney, Leander, 1965- A cabeça de Steve Jobs / Leander Kahney; [tradução Maria Helena Lyra]. - Rio de aneiro: Agir, 2008. Tradução de: Inside Steve's brain Inclui índice ISBN 978-85-220-0977-0 1. Jobs, Steven, 1955-. 2. Apple Computer, Inc. - Administração. 3. Computadores Indústria - Estados Unidos. 4. Homens de negócios - Estados Unidos - Biografia. I. Título. CDD: 923.3 8-3911 CDU: 929:330 Todos os direitos reservados à AGIR EDITORA LTDA. - Uma empresa Ediouro Publicações S.A. Rua Nova Jerusalém, 345 - CEP 21042-235 - Bonsucesso - Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel: (21) 3882-8200 fax: (21) 3882-8212/8313 Escaneado por [email protected] Para meus filhos, Nadine, Milo, Olin e Lyle; minha esposa, Traci; minha mãe, Pauline; e meus irmãos, Alex e Chris, E para Hank, meu querido velho pai, que foi um grande fã de Steve Jobs. Sumário Introdução Capítulo 1 Foco - Como dizer “não” salvou a Apple Capítulo 2 Despotismo - O grupo de foco de um só homem da Apple Capítulo 3 Perfeccionismo - Design de produtos e a busca da excelência Capítulo 4 Elitismo - Contrate apenas atores nota 10, demita os idiotas Capítulo 5 Paixão - Deixando uma marquinha no universo Capítulo 6 Espírito inventivo - De onde vem a inovação? Capítulo 7 Estudo de caso - Todas as coisas reunidas para criar o iPod Capítulo 8 Controle total - A coisa toda Agradecimentos Notas Índice remissivo “A Apple tem alguns ativos extraordinários, mas acredito que sem um pouco de atenção a companhia poderia..