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Home , Chris Espinosa, Kaleida Labs, Larry Tesler, Taligent

Inf-GraphDraw: Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15

Early HCI @Apple/Xerox

Reinhard von Hanxleden [email protected]

1 [Wikipedia] • One of the first highly successful mass- produced microcomputer products

• 5–6 millions produced from 1977 to 1993

• Designed to look like a home appliance

• It’s success caused IBM to build the PC

• Influenced by Breakout

• Visicalc, earliest spreadsheet, first ran on Apple IIe 1981: Xerox Star

• Officially named Xerox 8010 Information System

• First commercial system to incorporate various technologies that have since become standard in personal computers:

• Bitmapped display, window-based

• Icons, folders, mouse (two-button)

• Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and e- mail.

• Sold with based on Lisp (early functional/AI language) and (early OO language) [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Xerox Star Evolution of “Document” Icon Shape

[Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0] 1983:

[Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr] Apple Lisa

• One of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface (GUI)

• In 1982, (Cofounder of Apple, with ) was forced out of Lisa project, moved on into existing project, and redefined Mac as cheaper, more usable version of Lisa

• Lisa was challenged by relatively high price, insufficient SW library, unreliable floppy disks, and immediate release of Macintosh

• Sold just about 10,000 units in two years

• Introduced several advanced features that would not reappear on Mac or PC for many years Lisa Office System

[Wikipedia, Fair Use] Speaker Intro: Larry Tesler

• Born 1945, works on HCI

• Has worked at Xerox Parc, Apple, , Yahoo!

• Strong preference for modeless software; [By Yahoo! Blog from Sunnyvale, CA, USA - while at Apple, had license Larry Tesler Smiles at Whisper, CC BY 2.0] plate “NO MODES”

• Also worked with on OO extensions to Pascal Speaker Intro:

• Born 1961

• In 1976, aged 14, joined Apple as employee #8; now Apple’s longest serving employee

• Contributed to the classic Mac OS, A/UX, HyperCard, , , AppleScript, [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0] and macOS Lecture: Origins of the Apple Human Interface

• Presented by Larry Tesler and Chris Espinosa at in Mountain View, , on October 28, 1997

• Focuses on HCI for Apple Lisa and Apple II/IIe

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW-atKrg0T4