Inf-GraphDraw: Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox Reinhard von Hanxleden [email protected] 1 [Wikipedia] • One of the first highly successful mass- produced microcomputer products • 5–6 millions produced from 1977 to 1993 • Designed to look like a home appliance • It’s success caused IBM to build the PC • Influenced by Breakout • Visicalc, earliest spreadsheet, first ran on Apple IIe 1981: Xerox Star • Officially named Xerox 8010 Information System • First commercial system to incorporate various technologies that have since become standard in personal computers: • Bitmapped display, window-based graphical user interface • Icons, folders, mouse (two-button) • Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and e- mail. • Sold with software based on Lisp (early functional/AI language) and Smalltalk (early OO language) [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Xerox Star Evolution of “Document” Icon Shape [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0] 1983: Apple Lisa [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr] Apple Lisa • One of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface (GUI) • In 1982, Steve Jobs (Cofounder of Apple, with Steve Wozniak) was forced out of Lisa project, moved on into existing Macintosh project, and redefined Mac as cheaper, more usable version of Lisa • Lisa was challenged by relatively high price, insufficient SW library, unreliable floppy disks, and immediate release of Macintosh • Sold just about 10,000 units in two years • Introduced several advanced features that would not reappear on Mac or PC for many years Lisa Office System [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Speaker Intro: Larry Tesler • Born 1945, works on HCI • Has worked at Xerox Parc, Apple, Amazon, Yahoo! • Strong preference for modeless software; [By Yahoo! BloG from Sunnyvale, CA, USA - while at Apple, had license Larry Tesler Smiles at Whisper, CC BY 2.0] plate “NO MODES” • Also worked with Niklaus Wirth on OO extensions to Pascal Speaker Intro: Chris Espinosa • Born 1961 • In 1976, aged 14, joined Apple as employee #8; now Apple’s longest serving employee • Contributed to the classic Mac OS, A/UX, HyperCard, Taligent, Kaleida Labs, AppleScript, [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0] Xcode and macOS Lecture: Origins of the Apple Human Interface • Presented by Larry Tesler and Chris Espinosa at Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, on October 28, 1997 • Focuses on HCI for Apple Lisa and Apple II/IIe • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW-atKrg0T4.