DOCSLIB.ORG

ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ Ve KARİZMATİK LİDER İMGESİNİN MEDYADA İNŞASI

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ Ve KARİZMATİK LİDER İMGESİNİN MEDYADA İNŞASI Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İletişim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı TÜRKİYE’DE SEÇİM KAMPANYALARININ AMERİKANVARİLEŞMESİ: ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ ve KARİZMATİK LİDER İMGESİNİN MEDYADA İNŞASI Dicle Kavak Ekmekci Yüksek Lisans Ankara, 2017 TÜRKİYE’DE SEÇİM KAMPANYALARININ AMERİKANVARİLEŞMESİ: ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ ve KARİZMATİK LİDER İMGESİNİN MEDYADA İNŞASI Dicle Kavak Ekmekci Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İletişim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Ankara, 2017 v TEŞEKKÜR Tez çalışmam süresince desteğini gördüğüm pek çok kişiye teşekkür borçluyum. Yüksek lisans hayatımın başlangıcından itibaren bilgi ve deneyimleriyle desteklerini esirgemeyen, tez teslim sürecim boyunca her an yanımda olan değerli hocam sayın Prof. Dr. H. Simten Coşar’a yürekten teşekkür ediyorum. Lisans öğrenimimin ilk yıllarından itibaren yetişmemde emeği olan ve kariyerimi akademi yolunda ilerletmem konusunda ufkumu açan kıymetli hocam Prof. Dr. Çiler Dursun’a teşekkür ediyorum. Tezime katkılarından dolayı sayın jüri üyelerim Prof. Dr. Gamze Yücesan Özdemir’e, Prof. Dr. Suavi Aydın’a, Doç. Dr. Funda Gençoğlu Odabaşı ve Yrd. Doç. Dr. Emek Çaylı Rahte’ye teşekkürü borç bilirim. 2014 yılında çıkarttığı Politik İletişim Sözlüğü için daha lisans öğrencisi olmama rağmen bana güvenerek Amerikalı ve İngiliz profesörlerle çalışıp kitabı için çeviri yapmamı sağlayan Doç. Dr. Fatih Keskin’e teşekkür ederim. Tez konum için Siyasal İletişim alanını seçmemin en büyük sebebi, Politik İletişim Sözlüğü için hazırladığım 50 sayfalık bibliyografya bölümü süresince söz konusu literatüre olan ilgi ve bilgimin artmasıdır. Psikolojik danışmanlıktan kaynak tarama uzmanlığına kadar zorlu tez sürecimde her konuda en büyük yardımcım ve destekçim olan canım babam Adnan Kavak’a, çok sevgili annem ve kardeşlerime minnettarım. Son olarak amaçlarım doğrultusunda çıktığım bu yolda beni yüreklendiren ve destekleyen hayat arkadaşım Mustafa Cem Ekmekci’ye teşekkür ediyorum. Psikolojik danışmanlıktan kaynak tarama uzmanlığına kadar zorlu tez sürecimde her konuda en büyük yardımcım ve destekçim olan canım babam Adnan Kavak’a, çok sevgili annem ve kardeşlerime minnettarım. Son olarak amaçlarım doğrultusunda çıktığım bu yolda beni yüreklendiren ve destekleyen hayat arkadaşım Mustafa Cem Ekmekci’ye teşekkür ediyorum. vi ÖZET KAVAK EKMEKCİ, Dicle. Türkiye’de Seçim Kampanyalarının Amerikanvarileşmesi: Adalet Ve Kalkınma Partisi ve Karizmatik Lider İmgesinin Medyada İnşası, Yüksek Lisans, Ankara, 2017. Siyasal kampanyalar 1932 yılında ilk kez Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) başlamış ve günümüze kadar farklı tekniklerle devam ederek gelişmiştir. ABD’de 1950’li yıllardan itibaren kullanılan pazarlama, kitle iletişim araçları ve yüksek bütçeli imaj çalışmalarıyla yapılan seçim kampanyaları, 1960’lı ve 1970’li yıllardan itibaren Avrupa’da katılımı artırmak ve halkı siyasete dâhil etmek için kullanılmaya başlar. Böylece Amerikan seçim teknikleri ABD coğrafyası dışına yayılarak küreselleşme dönemine girer. Pazarlama tekniklerinin ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanıldığı, medyatikleşmenin yoğun bir biçimde yer aldığı, özellikle kararsız seçmeni yakalamak için hazırlanan kampanyaların üretildiği ve “karizmatik, güçlü lider” söylemi, Amerikanvarileşen kampanyaların en belirgin özellikleridir. Zamanla tüm dünyada kullanılan ve kendine özgü propaganda tekniklerini içinde barındıran Amerikanvarileşmenin bileşenlerinden “karizmatik lider” imgesi seçim kampanyalarında önemli olan ve başarılı uygulandığı takdirde ilgili partiyi iktidara getirebilecek bir stratejidir. Amerikanvarileşmeye özgü “Karizmatik Lider” olgusunun Türkiye’de nasıl işletildiği dikkate değer bir konudur. Amerikanvarileşme kavramı bağlamında “Karizmatik Lider” olgusu, Türkiye’de bir kitle partisi olarak konumlanan ve 2002 yılından bu yana iktidarda yer alan Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin (AKP) seçim kampanyalarında ön plandadır. Partinin 2002, 2007,2011 ve 2015 genel seçimlerinde inşa ettiği karizmatik lider imgesi, Türkiye’de Amerikanvarileşen seçim sistemin kavranabilmesi açısından önem arz eder. Anahtar Sözcükler Amerikanvarileşme, Karizmatik Lider, Seçim Kampanyası, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Siyasal İletişim vii ABSTRACT KAVAK EKMEKCİ, Dicle. Americanization of the Electoral Campaigns in Turkey: Justice and Development Party and the Construction of the Charismatic Leader Image in the Media, Yüksek Lisans, Ankara, 2017. Political campaigns date back to 1932 where the first ones were run in the United States of America. Since then, political campaigns evolved and shaped around various techniques and continued to be a part of politics. Political campaigns supported by marketing, mass communication and high budget image campaigns could be seen in the United States of America in 1950s. Later in 1960s and 1970s the very campaigns could be seen in Europe, aiming to attract masses into politics and increase political participation. Thus, American election techniques exceeds the borders of The United States of America and become a globalized practice. Marketing techniques, communication technologies, mediatization, political campaigns targeting undecided voters and a “charismatic, strong leader” discourse, were the prominent features of Americanized campaigns. With offering unique propaganda techniques by nature, the “charismatic leader” discourse is a prominent component of Americanization and has been adopted globally. When applied properly, it has a significant role in election campaigns in a sense that it could be the strategy that can be credited for the win of a political party. The practices of “The Charismatic Leader” phenomenon of Americanization in Turkey is a remarkable topic. The current ruling party in Turkey, The Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power since 2002 and the “Charismatic Leader” concept of Americanization has been prominent in their election campaigns. The charismatic leader image built by the party during the 2002, 2007, 2011 and 2015 general elections, has a significant importance in an overall understanding of the Americanization of the electoral system in Turkey. Key Words Americanization, Charismatic Leader, Election Campaign, Justice and Development Party, Political Communication viii İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY ........................................................................................................ i BİLDİRİM .................................................................................................................. ii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI ................................................... iii ETİK BEYAN.............................................................................................................. iv TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................. v ÖZET ........................................................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. vii İÇİNDEKİLER........................................................................................................... viii 1. BÖLÜM: GİRİŞ .................................................................................................... 1 1.1. AMAÇ VE KAPSAM ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Araştırmanın Sorunsalı ................................................................................ 6 1.1.2. Yöntem ve Örneklem .................................................................................. 7 1.2. VARSAYIMLAR ............................................................................................ 8 1.3. LİTERATÜR TARAMASI ................................................................................. 9 2. BÖLÜM: AMERİKANVARİLEŞME, KAVRAMLAR, PRATİKLER ............................... 12 2.1. SİYASAL KAMPANYALAR VE AMERİKANVARİLEŞME ................................... 12 2.1.1. Siyasal Kampanyaların Başlangıç Dönemi, ABD ........................................ 12 2.1.2. Amerikanvarileşme Kavramı ..................................................................... 14 2.1.2.1. Siyasal Pazarlama ............................................................................... 16 2.1.2.2. Siyasetin Medyatikleşmesi ................................................................. 18 2.1.2.3. Suskunluk Sarmalı .............................................................................. 21 2.1.2.4. Gösteri Toplumu ......................................................................................... 22 2.1.3. Amerikanvarileşen Siyasal Kampanyaların Tarihsel Süreci ................................. 23 ix 2.2. TÜRKİYE’DE SEÇİM KAMPANYALARININ AMERİKANVARİLEŞMESİ ........................ 27 2.2.1. Türkiye’de Seçim Kampanyalarının Amerikanvarileşmesi ve Siyasal Reklamın İlk Örnekleri 27 2.2.2. Türkiye’de Seçim Kampanyalarının Amerikanvarileşmesi ve Siyasal Reklamın Dönüşümü; 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999 Genel Seçimleri .............................................. 30 2.2.2.1. 1983 Yılı Genel Seçimleri ............................................................................. 30 2.2.2.2. 1987 Yılı Genel Seçimleri ............................................................................. 34 2.2.2.3. 1991 Yılı Genel Seçimleri ............................................................................. 40 2.2.2.4. 1995 Yılı Genel Seçimleri
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Military, the Parties, and Globalization, 1980–2003
    7 The Military, the Parties, and Globalization, 1980–2003 RESTRUCTURING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM Few people were aware of the intentions of the generals when they captured power; they claimed that they had intervened in order to save the state and its people from social division, economic breakdown, and the anarchy and violence for which the parties and politicians were responsible. They promised to restore the authority of the state in an impartial manner. To do that, the generals set up the National Security Council (NSC) headed by Kenan Evren, who was chief of staff, and composed of army, navy, air force, and gendarmerie commanders. The NSC was merely a front for other senior officers of the armed forces, who were divided as to the course of action they should take. As is often the case, there were moderates and hardliners, the latter in charge of martial law an d restoration of law and order. General Necdet Uru , commander of the First Army and martial law, was a hard- liner who was able to impose his will on his fiefdom. But these factional differences never emerged into the open because the generals abided by the well-established hierarchical principle: they all agreed to be committed to Kemalism which, since the death of Atatürk in 1938, still carried the symbolic significance of avowed loyalty to the original ideals of the republic. The hardliners won the internal debate and the NUC agreed to reconstruct the entire 149 150 TURKEY : THE QUEST FOR IDENTITY political system on new foundations by composing a new consti- tution, disqualifying former politicians and introducing new ones, and even establishing the military’s own political party to contest elections.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Promotion in the Politic Arena “A Historical Analysis on Turkey from 1950’S Till 2000’S”
    The Political Promotion in the Politic Arena “A Historical Analysis on Turkey from 1950’s till 2000’s” Assoc. Prof. Müge ELDEN∗ Rest. Assist. Dr. Belma GÜNERİ FIRLAR∗∗ Abstract: Today is nothing similar to yesterday, at our time.In this respect, when we examine especially advertising sector, we see that there are some forces shaping our world and these forces are very different from the forces in the past. We also witness rapid changes occuring in a day within minutes. In this respect, the condition of advertising sector in Turkey is similar to that in other countries. When we examine political advertising campaigns held in Turkey and the researches made about them, we see that the necessary archiving has not been done and this subject has not been dealt with according the political science so far. We encounter with “Advertising” that has an increasingly popularity when we analyse some concepts on political promotion amd marketing recently. As a consequence, the changes in the world conjuncture and differing position of political promotion shaped this work and brought it to the agenda. According to the mentioned determiners, of a different research subject from the previous ones is diffened due to different approach on communicvation science and corresponding promotion discipline. Beside, the concept of this work is determined according to; political promotion, perception abd practices in Turkey, promotion from the perspectives of Turkish politicians, the political panaroma of Tırkey and the analysis of historical development of political promotion. Regarding the table resulting from the general evaluation, the limits of research are completed with the evaluation of the political promotion campaigns done in pre-elections in Turkey between 1950- 2002, the changes and effescts of slogan, target mass and vote preferences and the evaluation of their effects in quality and quantity.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS OCCURRED IN TURKEY BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1980-2000 EDITORS ASSOCIATE PROF. DR. OZKAN AKMAN ASSOCIATE PROF. DR. TAHIR GUR 2020 Social, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey between the Years of 1980-2000 Editors Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ozkan AKMAN Asst.Prof.Dr. Tahir GUR Layout - Cover Design Davut Alan This book was typeset in 10/12 pt. Calibri, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic. Copyright © 2020 by ISRES Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Social, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey between the Years of 1980 - 2000 Published by ISRES Publishing, International Society for Research in Education and Science (ISRES). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-605-69854-9-2 Date of Issue December, 2020 E-mail [email protected] Address Istanbul C. Cengaver S. No 2 Karatay/Konya/TURKEY www.isres.org PROEM The third part of the book was studied under seven main headings with the 1980 period, which is considered to be the recent period of Turkish history, but on which only scattered and anecdotal information was available. In this section, both the ideological orientation of the coup and the ideological institutions it created are analyzed in detail. The establishment of a new economic order in accordance with the economic framework determined by the January 24 decisions is analyzed simultaneously with the formation of a political structure under the direction of the National Security Council.
    [Show full text]
  • LEGACY of TURGUT ÖZAL and the SUSTAİNABLE TRANSFORMATİON of TURKEY with AK PARTY GOVERNMENTS
    3rd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, May 31 - June 01 2012, Sarajevo LEGACY of TURGUT ÖZAL and THE SUSTAİNABLE TRANSFORMATİON of TURKEY with AK PARTY GOVERNMENTS Erdoğan Selami, Acar Eray Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey, E-mails: [email protected],[email protected] Abstract Turgut Özal is one of the most important actors in the Turkish Political life. He made fundamental changes in Turkey between 1983-1993 as a Prime Minister or President of Turkish Republic. He not only tried to liberate Turkish economy but also political sphere. Özal, especially focused on freedom of speech, freedom of belief and freedom of enterprise. At the same time, the latest refers to the free market economy. Until Özal's period Turkish political leaders applied the model of mixed economy, not free market economy, that is, the structure of Turkish economy wasn't entegrate with global markets. İnitially, Özal changed it and he started to set up export-oriented economic model, free interest rates, privatization, etc... and then, made political reforms; like freedom of speaking the Kurdish language, dissolution of 141, 142 and 163. articles of Turkish Ciriminal Code, application for full membership to the European Union. Unfortunately, his succesors could not able to sustain his revolutionary political and economic vision. İn this respect, 1990s can be considered as lost years for the Turkey. Until AK Parti governments Turkey encountered deep economic and political crises such as April 1994 and 28 February 1997. After from this miserable period, with the AK Parti government Turkey returned to the Özal's reformist politics both politically and economically.
    [Show full text]
  • Tezkere Oylaması ‘Kördüğümle’ Sonuçlandı
    TWO PATHS OF MODERNIZATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY AND EGYPT Yunus Akçalı Tese de Doutoramento Departamento de História e de Estudos Políticos e Internacionais 2014 iii To my father and mother… iv v Abstract Turkey and Egypt’s modernization process dates back to the 17th century. The modernization and westernization processes continued in the aftermath of Egyptian independence (1922) and the declaration of the Republic (1923) in Turkey. One of the main outcomes of modernization in Turkey and Egypt was the secular policies, which were positioned in the center of state-religion relations. After 1980, liberal political and economic developments triggered the social, economic and political transformation in Turkey and Egypt, which are two close allies of the Western countries in the Middle East. However, Turkey and Egypt’s modernization processes gave different outcomes within three decades in term of democratization. By 2010, Turkey enjoyed the rise of democratic values while the military, one of the most prominent symbols of the secular regime, was losing its dominance in politics. A series of public demonstrations, known as “the Arab Spring”, shook Egypt in late 2010, and caused the fall of the Mubarak regime. Therefore, this dissertation aims to compare the modernization processes of Turkey and Egypt and their responses to change. I outline this study in two parts. First I analyze the social, economic and political developments of the two countries through their main political actors and institutions in a comparative perspective. Later, in case study part, I analyze the political actors that played a significant role in modernization and democratization: the Muslim Brotherhood, the Milli Görüş Movement and the AK Party.
    [Show full text]
  • The Generational and Social Class Bases of Pro-Democratic Culture in Turkey: a Quantitative Analysis with WVS Data
    The Generational and Social Class Bases of Pro-Democratic Culture in Turkey: A Quantitative Analysis with WVS Data Murat İnan A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Department of Politics 16.06.2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Working as a PhD student at the University of Sheffield, was an interesting and challenging experience for me. This is a brief but sincere acknowledgement to all those who supported me in this part of my life. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family; my mother, Naciye İnan and my father, Osman İnan. Without their support since I was born, I would not be where I am today. I take special pleasure in acknowledging my first supervisor Dr Maria Grasso, who contributed immensely to my academic development. Although my PhD project was her first ‘First Supervision’, she was visionary, supportive and understanding. Her enthusiasm and energy for research have been particularly motivational for me. Without her support over the last few years, it would have hardly been possible for me to finalize my doctoral work. I will always be grateful for having the opportunity to work with her. I would also like to acknowledge Dr Alistair McMillan for accepting my Ph.D. proposal and for being my First Supervisor in the first year of my studies and since then my Second Supervisor. I also would like to thank him for reading my final draft thesis and making several important suggestions for this work. I am also very grateful to Mrs Sarah Cooke, who has always been there for me to help and provide guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CASE of the 1980 MILITARY INTERVENTION the Institute
    THE STATE ELITES AND SECULARISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MILITARY: THE CASE OF THE 1980 MILITARY INTERVENTION The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by MEHMET YILMAZ In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION in THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA February, 2002 I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ergun Özbudun Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. _________________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ümit Cizre Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. _________________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Özcan Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration. _________________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss Examining Committee Member ii I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Public Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Open FINAL Thesis Sarp Yanki Kalfa.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE TURKEY AT CROSSROADS: CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY SARP YANKI KALFA SPRING 2016 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in International Politics with honors in International Politics Reviewed and approved* by the following: Gretchen Casper Associate Professor of Political Science Thesis Supervisor Matthew Golder Associate Professor of Political Science Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT Turkey’s political history is vast and multifaceted. My research aims to explore only a tiny fraction of this great nation’s history. Herein, I explore the most recent trends in Turkish politics. I aim to inform my reader by providing the relevant historical context of the Ottoman Empire and those governments that followed, by explaining how today’s major political parties and processes came to be, and by providing comprehensive research on today’s state of affairs and the challenges Turkey must face moving forward. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... v Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Promotion in the Politic Arena “A Historical Analysis on Turkey from 1950’S Till 2000’S”
    The Political Promotion in the Politic Arena “A Historical Analysis on Turkey from 1950’s till 2000’s” Assoc. Prof. Müge ELDEN∗ Rest. Assist. Dr. Belma GÜNERİ FIRLAR∗∗ Abstract: Today is nothing similar to yesterday, at our time.In this respect, when we examine especially advertising sector, we see that there are some forces shaping our world and these forces are very different from the forces in the past. We also witness rapid changes occuring in a day within minutes. In this respect, the condition of advertising sector in Turkey is similar to that in other countries. When we examine political advertising campaigns held in Turkey and the researches made about them, we see that the necessary archiving has not been done and this subject has not been dealt with according the political science so far. We encounter with “Advertising” that has an increasingly popularity when we analyse some concepts on political promotion amd marketing recently. As a consequence, the changes in the world conjuncture and differing position of political promotion shaped this work and brought it to the agenda. According to the mentioned determiners, of a different research subject from the previous ones is diffened due to different approach on communicvation science and corresponding promotion discipline. Beside, the concept of this work is determined according to; political promotion, perception abd practices in Turkey, promotion from the perspectives of Turkish politicians, the political panaroma of Tırkey and the analysis of historical development of political promotion. Regarding the table resulting from the general evaluation, the limits of research are completed with the evaluation of the political promotion campaigns done in pre-elections in Turkey between 1950- 2002, the changes and effescts of slogan, target mass and vote preferences and the evaluation of their effects in quality and quantity.
    [Show full text]
  • Merkez Sağda 27 Mayıs Ve 12 Eylül Sonrası Partileşme
    MERKEZ SA ĞDA 27 MAYIS ve 12 EYLÜL SONRASI PART İLE ŞME Party Formation In The Centre Right After May 27 And September 12 Hüseyin ÇAVU ŞOĞLU * BAÜ ÖZ SBED Ara ştırmanın Temelleri: Merkez sa ğda 27 Mayıs ve 12 Eylül sonrası partile şme sürecinde 12 (22) ya şanan geli şmeler ve Adalet Partisi (AP) ile Anavatan Partisi’nin (ANAP) kar şıla ştırmalı analiziyle ilgili de ğerlendirmelerdir. 165 Ara ştırmanın Amacı: 27 Mayıs sonrası kurulan AP, Yeni Türkiye Partisi (YTP) ile 12 Eylül sonrası kurulan ANAP, Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi (MDP), Büyük Türkiye Partisi’nin (BTP) kurulu ş sürecinde ya şanan geli şmeleri ve AP-ANAP arasındaki farkları ortaya koymaktır. Veri Kaynakları: Gazete, kitap, dergi taraması ve bazı milletvekilleriyle yapılan sözlü tarih çalı şmalarıdır. Ana Tartı şma: 27 Mayıs ve 12 Eylül sonrası siyasi parti kurma çalı şmalarına izin verilmesiyle birlikte merkez sa ğda yer alan partilerin kurulu ş süreçleri ve Demokrat Parti’den (DP) sonra merkez sa ğın temsilcisi olan AP-ANAP arasındaki farklardır. Sonuçlar: 27 Mayıs ve 12 Eylül sonrası Türk siyasetinin şekillenmesinde askerin önemli bir rolü oldu ğu görülmektedir. 27 Mayıs ile kıyaslandı ğında, 12 Eylül sonrasında askeri kesimin, siyasetin şekillenmesinde daha etkin oldu ğunu söyleyebiliriz. Askeri kesimin, 27 Mayıs ve 12 Eylül sonrası destekledi ği partilerin ba şarısızlı ğı, siyasetten silinmeleri, Türk halkının siyasette askere destek vermedi ği, sıcak bakmadı ğı olarak de ğerlendirilebilir. 27 Mayıs sonrasında DP tabanının önemli bir bölümü AP’ye, 12 Eylül sonrasında AP tabanının önemli bir kısmı ANAP’a destek verdi. AP ile ANAP kar şıla ştırıldı ğında, AP’nin karma ekonomiyi ANAP’ın serbest piyasa ekonomisini savundu ğu; AP, ANAP’ta muhafazakarlı ğın ayrı bir hizip olarak varoldu ğu ve ANAP’ın 4 e ğilimi temsil etti ği; AP tabanının a ğırlık olarak kırsal kesimden, ANAP tabanının ise şehirli kesimden olu ştu ğu görülmektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • AKADEMİK BAKIŞ Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi ISSN:1694 – 528X Sayı: 11 Ocak – 2007
    AKADEMİK BAKIŞ Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi ISSN:1694 – 528X Sayı: 11 Ocak – 2007 İktisat ve Girişimcilik Üniversitesi – Türk Dünyası Kırgız – Türk Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Celalabat – KIRGIZİSTAN 12 EYLÜL 1980 ASKERİ MÜDAHALESİ SONRASI TÜRKİYE’NİN SİYASİ YAPISI (*) Yrd. Doç. Dr. D. Ali ARSLAN ÖZET: Yapısal-işlevselci sosyoloji perspektifinden bakıldığında toplumda altı temel kurum vardır. Her toplumsal kurumun da toplumsal yapı içinde üstlendiği temel işlevler vardır. Bu toplumsal kurumların yerine getirdiği işlevler, toplumsal yapının varlığı ve devamı açısından hayati önem taşır. Toplumsal kurumun temelini, sosyal ilişkiler süreci içinde şekillenen, rol temelli bireysel davranış kalıpları oluşturur. Her kurumun kendine özgü rol örüntüleri ve bu rol örüntülerine yönelik davranış formları, davranış kuralları (gelenek, görenek, yasalar) ile düzenlenir ve biçimlendirilir. Bireyler kurum içindeki konumuna uygun olarak rollerinin gerektirdiği davranışları, belirlenmiş kurallara uygun olarak yerine getirirler. Kurum içinde roller arasında olduğu gibi, toplumsal yapı içinde de kurumlar arasında da bir eşgüdüm ve karşılıklı bağımlılık vardır. Zaten toplumsal yapı, karşılıklı ilişki ve etkileşim içindeki toplumsal kurumlardan oluşur. Siyaset kurumu da, aile, eğitim, ekonomi, din, serbest (boş) zamanları değerlendirme kurumları gibi 6 temel toplumsal kurumdan bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, siyaset sosyolojisinin yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılarak, yapısal-işlevselci bir bakış açısı ile, 1950’den günümüze Türkiye’nin siyasi yapısının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Başka bir anlatımla genel secim sonuçları, önce her dönem ayrı ayrı, sonra da bütüncül bir bakış açısı ile incelenerek, son 56 yıl içinde Türkiye’de siyasi erkin oluşumu, şekillenişi, işleyiş ve değişim düzenlilikleri ile, bu bağlamda Türk toplumunun siyasi yapısının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Türkiye, Türk toplumu, Genel Seçimler, Türkiye’de Genel Seçimler, Türkiye’nin Siyasi Yapısı.
    [Show full text]
  • 58 Episode 5 Turgut Özal and Anavatan Partisi (The
    EPISODE 5 TURGUT ÖZAL AND ANAVATAN PARTİSİ (THE MOTHERLAND PARTY) Assist. Prof. Dr. Sefa Salih Aydemir Adıyaman University Introduction Turgut Özal was born in Malatya as the first male child of Mehmet Sıddık, an officer at Ziraat Bank, and Hafize Hanım, a primary school teacher, on 13 October 1927. Mehmet Sıddık, who started his civil service in Malatya, took his family to these cities as he later served in Bilecik, Silifke and Mardin (Çölaşan, 2008: 19). Turgut Özal, who started his primary education in Söğüt district of Bilecik, completed secondary school in Mardin as his family moved to Silifke and Mardin, respectively. However, due to the fact that there was no high school to continue his education in Mardin and the financial situation of the family, he started high school education in Konya High School as a boarding student. Due to the fact that his brother Korkut Özal would also start high school, the family, which had more financial difficulties, brought the two siblings together at Kayseri High School, and Turgut Özal completed his secondary education in Kayseri High School in 1945. Turgut Özal, who started his university life in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Istanbul Technical University thanks to the scholarship he won, came to Istanbul for the first time. Özal, who grew up in a conservative family and whose political ideas began to take shape during his university years, participated in the events of the ITU Student Union and the Turkish Culture Center. He actively took part in the burning of the left-wing Tan Newspaper and the eventful funeral of Marshal Fevzi Çakmak (Çölaşan, 2008: 21).
    [Show full text]