The Atong Language and Its Speakers 1.1 Introduction in the Most
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Outline of Harigaya Koch Grammar
Language and Culture DigitalResources Documentation and Description 46 Outline of Harigaya Koch Grammar Alexander Kondakov Outline of Harigaya Koch Grammar Alexander Kondakov SIL International® 2020 SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description 46 ©2020 SIL International® ISSN 1939-0785 Fair Use Policy Documents published in the Language and Culture Documentation and Description series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of Language and Culture Documentation and Description or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder. Orphan Works Note Data and materials collected by researchers in an era before documentation of permission was standardized may be included in this publication. SIL makes diligent efforts to identify and acknowledge sources and to obtain appropriate permissions wherever possible, acting in good faith and on the best information available at the time of publication. Series Editor Lana Martens Content Editor Susan Hochstetler Compositor Bonnie Waswick Abstract Harigaya Koch is one of the several speech varieties of the Koch language (ISO 639-3: kdq). It belongs to the Koch subgrouping of the Bodo-Garo group of the Tibeto-Burman family and is spoken by a relatively small number of people in the western part of Meghalaya state in Northeast India (the total number of Koch in Meghalaya is about 25,000 people). Harigaya Koch is well understood by many Koch people of other groups and is used as a lingua franca at Koch social gatherings and in informal settings. -
Garo Language
A Study on Garo Language Conducted By Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes, Jawaharnagar, Ghy-22 1 2 PART-A A Brief Account of the Socio Cultural Life of the Garos 3 INTRODUCTION The Garos in retrospect and prospect: Opinion differ regarding the nomenclature : Garo and the Garos opine that the name has been assigned to the indigenous community by the non-Garos. It may be mentioned that the Garos themselves do not use the term which they believe does not represent the Community. Instead they introduce themselves as ‘Achik’, the literal meaning of ‘Achik’ is hill but when the word is in plural number viz. ‘Achikarang’, it represents the entire Garo Community. The people use the term ‘Ajang; to refer to the non-Garos and prefer to call themselves as ‘Achik Mande’ i.e. hill people. Similarly the term ‘Achik Achang’ signifies land of the Garos and the term ‘Achik Ku Chik’ is used for Garo languages. Another interpretation is that the term Garo1 is derived from the Bodo word ‘Gao’ meaning to separate or ‘Gar’ meaning to love or abandon. The Bodos and the Dimasas believe that the Garos have been separated community from them with separate nomenclature as ‘Gao’ or ‘Gaora’. The Bodos consider the Garos as their brothers. According to Majumdar2 the headquarter of the Garo Hills district Tura was known earlier as ‘Dhura’ and in due course the ‘Dhura’ became Garo. As such the inhabitants o fthe hilly areas of the South Goalpara came to be known as Garos. According to a legend prevalent among the Garos, there was a very powerful leader among the Garos in the Hills whose name was ‘Gara’ and the Community was known as ‘Garo’. -
Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: Prefixes, Protoforms and Problems
Sino-Tibetan numeral systems: prefixes, protoforms and problems Matisoff, J.A. Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: Prefixes, Protoforms and Problems. B-114, xii + 147 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-B114.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wunn EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), Thomas E. Dutton, Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-making body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout the world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international community of linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with re levant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board. -
Laheramtiwacasemarkersfinal.Pdf
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 14:1 January 2014 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Case Markers in Tiwa Language: A Brief Study Laheram Muchahary, Ph.D. Research Scholar =========================================================== Abstract Case is an important category of grammar. It is an inflected form of noun and pronoun which is used to show the relationship among different words used in a sentence. The present paper investigates the case marker in Tiwa language spoken in Assam. In this language, case is realized by the addition of case ending used as post positions. Therefore, they are called postpositional phrases. Postpositional phrases are made up of a noun phrase followed by post position. 1. Introduction The North-eastern region is known for its diversity as different tribes live in this region for centuries together. This region of India is bounded by the political boundary of China in the north, Bhutan in the west, Burma in the east and Bangladesh Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 14:1 January 2014 Laheram Muchahary, Ph.D. Research Scholar Case Markers in Tiwa Language: A Brief Study 220 in the south. It is comprised of eight states and they are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikhim and Tripura. -
THE LANGUAGE of the MODHUPUR MANDI (GARO) Vol. II
THE LANGUAGE OF THE MODHUPUR MANDI (GARO) Vol. II: The Lexicon Robbins Burling University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan April 2003 c 2003 by Robbins Burling Table of Contents ONE The Lexicon 1 TWO Survival Word List 335 THREE Intermediate Word List 345 FOUR English Index of Mandi Words 391 REFERENCES 457 INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME II When I ¯rst went to live among the Mandis in Bangladesh I had no intention of making a study of the lexicon, but I wanted to gain some uency in the language and I began to collect words for my own use. As the words accumulated I found it helpful to sort them into rough semantic categories: kinship terms here, body parts there, trees in some other place. Gradually, I became fascinated by, even addicted to, the search for words, and as my lists grew, I kept looking for ways to sort them. I even hoped that a plausible sorting might reveal something about the workings of the language, and not merely reect my own preconceptions of how words ought to be organized. My methodology was simplicity itself. When a category grew big enough to become cumbersome, I looked for a way to divide it into smaller but still coherent categories. This worked well enough for some areas. Kin- ship terms fell naturally into those for men and for women, and for older and younger generations. Mandi names for animals could be sorted, as easily as English words, among birds, ¯sh, land animals and bugs. Vast areas of the vocabulary fell into no such clear categories, however, and there were many hundreds of words that would ¯t easily in three or four di®erent places. -
Nisms Among the Khasi and Garo Tribal Groups: an Ethnographic Observation
! Challenges of Aging and Coping Mecha- nisms among the Khasi and Garo Tribal Groups: An Ethnographic Observation Faisal Ahmmed Shahjalal University of Science & Technology Drawing upon qualitative evidence from the Khasi and Garo communities of Bangladesh, the pre- sent study focuses on the problems of older people of these tribal groups and identify and explain some of the coping mechanisms used by the elders. Findings indicate that high status and support is extended to elders by family and community as part of tribal tradition and culture. Nonetheless, these elders still face problems that are largely a function of their age and economic and social cir- cumstances. Lack of access to mainstream services is one of the major concerns among the older Khasi and Garo people. In addition with problems related to aging, the tribal older people experi- ence negligence, exclusion, and the violation of rights. Although the tribal older people have their own system to encounter problems, they are sensitive to the fact that their community does not al- ways have the financial capacity to provide the required support. Old age is a critical phase of life. There is a tendency among researchers to view all older peoples as a homogenous group and for which age is a leveler of all other characteristics. Along with age, however, other factors including sex, soci- oeconomic background, family relationship and support, living situation, physi- cal condition, cultural practices, and more can influence how a person will enjoy later life (Gelfand, 1982). This is particularly true if the older person is a member of a visible minority group, and particularly so in the case of non-conventional minorities such as tribal and indigenous peoples whose cultures tend to be treat- ed as quaint and ancient (Manuel, 1982). -
History of the Scientific Study of the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India
Indian Journal of History of Science, 52.4 (2017) 420-444 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2017/v52i4/49265 History of the Scientific Study of the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India Satarupa Dattamajumdar* (Received 25 April 2017; revised 19 October 2017) Abstract Linguistics or in other words the scientific study of languages in India is a traditional exercise which is about three thousand years old and occupied a central position of the scientific tradition from the very beginning. The tradition of the scientific study of the languages of the Indo-Aryan language family which are mainly spoken in India’s North and North-Western part was brought to light with the emergence of the genealogical study of languages by Sir William Jones in the 18th c. But the linguistic study of the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in North-Eastern part of India is of a much later origin. According to the 2011 census there are 45486784 people inhabiting in the states of North-East India. They are essentially the speakers of the Tibeto-Burman group of languages along with the Austro-Asiatic and Indo-Aryan groups of languages. Though 1% of the total population of India is the speaker of the Tibeto-Burman group of languages (2001 census) the study of the language and society of this group of people has become essential from the point of view of the socio-political development of the country. But a composite historical account of the scientific enquiries of the Tibeto-Burman group of languages, a prerequisite criterion for the development of the region is yet to be attempted. -
General Editor, Phonological Inventories of Tibeto-Burman
STEDT Monograph Series, No. 3 PHONOLOGICAL INVENTORIES OF TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Monograph Series General Editor James A. Matisoff University of California, Berkeley STEDT Monograph 1: Bibliography of the International Conferences on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics I-XXI (1989) Randy J. LaPolla and John B. Lowe with Amy Dolcourt lix, 292 pages out of print STEDT Monograph 1A: Bibliography of the International Conferences on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics I-XXV (1994) Randy J. LaPolla and John B. Lowe lxiv, 308 pages $32.00 + shipping and handling STEDT Monograph 2: Languages and Dialects of Tibeto-Burman (1996) James A. Matisoff with Stephen P. Baron and John B. Lowe xxx, 180 pages $20.00 + shipping and handling STEDT Monograph 3: Phonological Inventories of Tibeto-Burman Languages (1996) Ju Namkung, editor xxviii, 507 pages $35.00 + shipping and handling Shipping and Handling: Domestic: $4.00 for first volume + $2.00 for each additional volume International: $6.00 for first volume + $2.50 for each additional volume Orders must be prepaid. Please make checks payable to ‘UC Regents’. Visa and Mastercard accepted. California residents must include sales tax. To place orders or to request order forms, contact: IAS Publications Office University of California, Berkeley 2223 Fulton St. 3rd Floor #2324 Berkeley CA 94720-2324 Phone: (510) 642-4065 FAX: (510) 643-7062 STEDT Monograph Series, No. 3 James A. Matisoff, General Editor PHONOLOGICAL INVENTORIES OF TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES Ju Namkung, Editor Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project Center for Southeast Asia Studies University of California, Berkeley 1996 Distributed by: Center for Southeast Asia Studies 2223 Fulton St. -
Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Bvrman Languages of the Himalayas
PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A-86 PAPERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS NO. 14: TIBETO-BVRMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS edited by David Bradley Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bradley, D. editor. Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14:. A-86, vi + 232 (incl. 4 maps) pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-A86.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics specialises in publishing linguistic material relating to languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Linguistic and anthropological manuscripts related to other areas, and to general theoretical issues, are also considered on a case by case basis. Manuscripts are published in one of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: M.D. Ross and D.T. Tryon (Managing Editors), T.E. Dutton, N.P. Himmelmann, A.K. Pawley EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender KA. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Miihlhausler Monash University Universityof Adelaide S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W.Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K. -
UC Santa Barbara Himalayan Linguistics
UC Santa Barbara Himalayan Linguistics Title Towards a history of verb agreement in Tibeto-Burman Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gj660hg Journal Himalayan Linguistics, 9(1) Author DeLancey, Scott Publication Date 2010 DOI 10.5070/H99123042 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Himalayan Linguistics Towards a History of Verb Agreement in Tibeto-Burman Scott DeLancey University of Oregon ABSTRACT This article contributes to the case for reconstructing verb agreement for Proto-Tibeto-Burman. It shows first that, given the distribution of cognate agreement systems across the family, there is no alternative to reconstructing it for the proto-language. Secondly it describes the paths by which agreement has been lost in those languages where it is absent. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the prevalence of evidence for the PTB paradigm in languages across the family. It is shown that, contrary to assertions which have been made in the literature, the agreement systems of Jinghpaw, Nocte, and Northern Chin are cognate to those of the so-called “Rung” branches (Kiranti, rGyalrongic-Qiangic, Nungish, and West Himalayan), and that even without, but especially with, this evidence the “Rung” hypothesis is inconsistent with other proposals for subgrouping Tibeto-Burman. Once the cognacy of the Jinghpaw and Nocte systems is recognized, there is no further reason to believe in a genetic “Rung” unit. Several case studies are presented which show that agreement systems can be quickly and easily lost in TB languages, as a result of intense language contact and/or through the replacement of older finite structures by innovative new constructions based on clausal nominalization. -
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North East Indian Linguistics Volume 4 .., Edited by Gwendolyn Hyslop • Stephen Morey • Mark W. Post EOUNDATION® B @ @ K S Delhi • Bengaluru • Mumbai • Kolkata • Chennai • Hyderabad Pune • Thiruvananthapuram Published by Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. under the imprint of Foundation Books Cambridge House, 4381/4 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. C-22, C-Block, Brigade M.M., K.R. Road, Jayanagar, Bengaluru 560 070 Plot No. 80, Service Industries, Shirvane, Sector-l, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400 706 10 Raja Subodh Mullick Square, 2nd Floor, Kolkata 700 013 21/1 (New No. 49), Ist Floor, Model School Road, Thousand Lights, Chennai 600 006 House No. 3-5-874/6/4, (Near Apollo Hospital), Hyderguda, Hyderabad 500 029 Agarwal Pride, 'A' Wing, 1308 Kasba Peth, Near Surya Hospital, Pune 411 011 T.C. 25/2731 Lukes Lane, Ambujavilasam Road, Thiruvananthapuram 695001 © Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd First Published 2012 ISBN 978-81-7596-930-8 AlI rights reserved. No reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd., subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements. Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Published by Manas Saikia for Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. and printed at Bhavish Graphies, Chennai Contents About the Contributors v Foreword ix Scott DeLancey A Note from the Editors xv History, Contact and Evolution 1. -
AN INITIAL RECONSTRUCTION of PROTO-BORO-GARO by DANIEL
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank AN INITIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-BORO-GARO by DANIEL CODY WOOD A THESIS Presented to the Department ofLinguistics and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts December 2008 11 "An Initial Reconstruction ofProto-Boro-Garo," a thesis prepared by Daniel Wood in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master ofArts degree in the Department of Linguistics. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Dr. Scott DeLancey, Chair ofthe Examining Committee Date Committee in Charge: Dr. Scott DeLancey, Chair Dr. Spike Gildea Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School 111 © 2008 Daniel Wood IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Daniel Cody Wood for the degree of Master ofArts in the Department ofLinguistics to be taken December 2008 Title: AN INITIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-BORO-GARO This manuscript has been approved by the advisor and committee named . below and by Richard Linton, Dean of the Graduate School. - .-----.-------------- Dr. Scott DeLancey \ This study attempts to reconstruct Proto-Boro-Garo (PBG), the ancient language from which the modern Boro-Garo (BG) family evolved. BG is a largely under- documented sub-branch ofTibeto-Burman that is spoken primarily in the Brahmaputra valley ofnortheastern India. While other comparative studies have focused on PBG phonology, this study concentrates on grammatical elements and syntactic structures. An initial reconstruction is attained by examining data from the limited number of descriptive grammars available on BG languages and using the comparative method to determine the oldest forms ofgrammatical elements.