DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,304,580 B2 Nanmyo Et A]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,304,580 B2 Nanmyo Et A] US008304580B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,304,580 B2 Nanmyo et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 6, 2012 (54) METHOD FOR PRODUCING TRIS(PER FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS FLUORO-ALKANESULFONYL)METHIDE EP 0813521 B1 * 9/2000 ACID SALT JP 2000-226392 A 8/2000 JP 2000-256348 A 9/2000 (75) Inventors: Tsutomu Nanmyo, Ube (JP); Shintaro JP 2000-256348 A * 9/2000 Sasaki, Ube (JP); Takashi Kume, OTHER PUBLICATIONS KaWagoe (JP) English translation of JP-2000-256348-A; “machine translation” (73) Assignee: Central Glass Company, Limited, from JPO link at: http://WWW4.ipd1.inpit.go.jp/Tokujitu/ Ube-shi (JP) tj sogodbenkipdl accessed Oct. 25, 201 1; relevant part of document.* European Search Report dated Jun. 8, 2011 (four (4) pages). ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Waller et al., “Tris (tri?uoromethanesulfonyl) methide (“Tri?ide”) patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Anion: Convenient Preparation, X-ray Crystal Structures, and U.S.C. 154(b) by 528 days. Exceptional Catalytic Activity as a Counterion With Ytterbium (III) and Scandium (111)”, Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 64, 1999, pp. (21) Appl. N0.: 12/520,17s 2910-2913, XP-002636992. Turowsky et al., “Tris ((tri?uoromethyl) sulfonyl) methane, HC (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 18, 2007 (SO2CF3)3”, Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 27, 1988, pp. 2135-2137, XP-002636993. (86) PCT No.: PCT/JP2007/074296 International Search Report and PCT/ISN237 W/translation dated Feb. 12, 2008 (Seven (7) pages). § 371 (0X1)’ LutZ Turowsky et al., “Tris((tri?uoromethyl)sulfonyl)methane, (2), (4) Date: Jun. 19, 2009 HC(SO2CF3)3”, American Chemical Society, 1988, Inorg. Chem., vol. 27, No. 12, pp. 2135-2137. (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2008/075672 A. Y. Il’Chenko, Tetraheterosubstituted Methanes With a Carbon PCT Pub. Date: Jun. 26, 2008 Halogen Bond, Science of Synthesis, 2005, pp. 1135-1201. Djamila Benrabah et al., “Comparative Electrochemical Study of (65) Prior Publication Data New Poly(oxyethylene)-Li Salt Complexes”, Journal of the Chemi cal Society, Faraday Transactions, 1993, vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 355-359. US 2010/0022803 A1 Jan. 28, 2010 * cited by examiner (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner * Shailendra Kumar Dec. 20, 2006 (JP) ............................... .. 2006-342043 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * CroWell & Moring LLP Dec. 7, 2007 (JP) ............................... .. 2007-317315 Dec. 17, 2007 (JP) ............................... .. 2007-324490 (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl. There is provided a method for producing a tris(per?uoroal C07C 315/00 (2006.01) kanesulfonyl)methide acid salt represented by formula [1], (52) US. Cl. ....................................................... .. 568/35 including the steps of (a) reacting a methylmagnesium halide (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................... .. 568/35 represented by formula [2] With a per?uoroalkanesulfonyl See application ?le for complete search history. ?uoride represented by formula [3], thereby obtaining a reac tion mixture; and (b) directly reacting the obtained reaction (56) References Cited mixture With at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal halides, quaternary ammonium salts, and quater U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS nary phosphonium salts. By this method, it is possible to 5,273,840 A * 12/1993 Dominey .................... .. 429/307 easily produce the target methide acid salt With high yield. 6,410,190 B1 * 6/2002 Ignatiev et al. ............. .. 429/347 6,664,380 B1 12/2003 Barrett et al. 17 Claims, No Drawings US 8,304,580 B2 1 2 METHOD FOR PRODUCING TRIS(PER salt industrially more easily With a loWer cost, as compared FLUOROALKANESULFONYL)METHIDE With conventional production methods. ACID SALT According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide This application is a 371 of PCT/JP2007/074296, ?led acid salt represented by formula [1] Dec. 18, 2007. [Chemical Formula 2] TECHNICAL FIELD IRTSOQhCnM [1] The present invention relates to a method for producing a [In the formula, Rf represents a C1_9 straight-chain or tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid salt. branched-chain per?uoroalkyl group, n represents an integer that is identical With valence of the corresponding cation, and BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION M is a cation representing an alkali metal, quaternary ammo nium represented by (R1) 4N, or quaternary phosphonium rep Tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid salt is a sub resented by (R1)4P. Herein, Rl’s represent C1_9, identical or stance that is useful as a LeWis acid catalyst or ion conducting different, straight-chain or branched-chain, saturated or material in the ?elds of organic syntheses, cell electrolyte, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or aryl groups etc. Hitherto, there have been knoWn many of the method for (herein, the hydrogen atoms may partially or entirely be producing a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid salt, replaced With halogen (?uorine, chlorine, bromine, or Which is the target of the present invention. For example, 20 iodine), alkyl group, amino group, nitro group, acetyl group, Non-patent Publication 1 discloses that a tris(per?uoroal cyano group or hydroxyl group)], comprising the steps of: kanesulfonyl)methide acid salt is obtained by reacting trif (a) reacting a methylmagnesium halide represented by for luoromethanesulfonyl ?uoride With a methylmagnesium mula [2] halide (Grignard reagent). Furthermore, Patent Publication 1 discloses a method for 25 [Chemical Formula 3] obtaining a methide acid salt by conducting a reaction betWeen a per?uoroalkanesulfonyl halide and an alkali metal CH3MgX [2] methane in organic solvent. [In the formula, X represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine.] Non-patent Publication 1: Inorg. Chem., Vol. 27, pages 2135 With a per?uoroalkanesulfonyl ?uoride represented by for 2137, 1988 30 mula [3] Patent Publication 1 : Japanese PatentApplication Publication 2000-226392 [Chemical Formula 4] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION M50; [3] 35 [In the formula, Rf represents a C l_9 straight-chain or In the method of Non-patent Publication 1, as shoWn in the branched-chain per?uoroalkyl group.], thereby obtaining a folloWing scheme, a methide acid magnesium bromide salt reaction mixture; and produced by a reaction betWeen a Grignard reagent and trif (b) directly reacting the obtained reaction mixture With at luoromethanesulfonyl ?uoride is once turned into a methide least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal acid by sulfuric acid, and furthermore a metal carbonate 40 halides, quaternary ammonium salts, and quaternary phos (herein cesium carbonate) causes this to obtain a methide acid phonium salts. salt (Scheme 1). We have found that a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid salt is obtained With short steps and With high purity and [Chemical Formula 1] high yield, thereby completing the present invention. 45 According to the method described in Non-patent Publica tion 1, after a reaction betWeen methylmagnesium halide and per?uoroalkanesulfonyl ?uoride, a tris(per?uoroalkane sulfonyl)methide acid magnesium halide represented by for mula [4] 50 [Chemical Formula 5] 1/2CO2 (Scheme 1) This method, hoWever, has had a burden on productivity [In the formula, Rf is the same as above, and X represents a and a di?iculty someWhat industrially, since the reaction steps 55 chlorine, bromine or iodine.] are long and since Waste treatment takes time due to use of of a methide acid magnesium bromide salt and the like, Which sulfuric acid. is the obtained reaction mixture, is reacted With sulfuric acid, On the other hand, in Patent Publication 1, it is a production thereby producing a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide method, in Which a methide acid salt is obtained by one step, acid represented by formula [5] and therefore is a very useful method, in contrast With Non 60 patent Publication 1. This method, hoWever, has had a di?i [Chemical Formula 6] culty in industrial production due to that the alkyl metal methane has a high price, that there is a problem of Waste since it is treated With hydrochloric acid after the reaction, [In the formula, Rf is the same as above.] and that the reaction is conducted at around —550 C. 65 and a metal carbonate (herein cesium carbonate) causes this It is an object of the present invention to provide a method to obtain a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid salt rep for producing a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid resented by formula [1]. In this method, hoWever, a burden is US 8,304,580 B2 3 4 placed on productivity, and furthermore purity and yield of during the reaction step. It is possible to cite, for example, the target product loWer. Thus, there has been a di?iculty even ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, t-bu in industrial production. toxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofu The present inventors, hoWever, have obtained surprising ran, and dioxane, and the like. The amount of the solvent used ?ndings that the target product can be obtained by short steps, is suitably selected normally from the range of 05-10 times easily, and With high selectivity and high yield by directly by volume, preferably from the range of 5-7 times by volume, reacting a tris(per?uoroalkanesulfonyl)methide acid magne methylmagnesium halide represented by formula [2]. sium halide With an alkali metal halide (cesium chloride, For the per?uoroalkanesulfonyl ?uoride represented by potassium chloride, or the like), a quaternary ammonium salt formula [3], a C l_9 straight-chain
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WO 2016/074683 Al 19 May 2016 (19.05.2016) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/074683 Al 19 May 2016 (19.05.2016) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/10 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/DK20 15/050343 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 11 November 2015 ( 11. 1 1.2015) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (25) Filing Language: English PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (26) Publication Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: PA 2014 00655 11 November 2014 ( 11. 1 1.2014) DK (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 62/077,933 11 November 2014 ( 11. 11.2014) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 62/202,3 18 7 August 2015 (07.08.2015) US GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (71) Applicant: LUNDORF PEDERSEN MATERIALS APS TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, [DK/DK]; Nordvej 16 B, Himmelev, DK-4000 Roskilde DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (DK).
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Structure Transformations in Binary Halides
    1 A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF A111D3 074^50 IMMERCE JBLICAT10N NSRDS—NBS 41 HT°r /V\t Co^ NSRDS r #C£ DM* ' Crystal Structure Transformations in Binary Halides u.s. ARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of -QC*-| 100 US73 ho . 4 1^ 72. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation’s science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation’s physical measure- ment system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation’s scien- tific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radia- tion Research, an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Heat—Mechanics—Optical Physics—Linac Radiation 2—Nuclear Radiation 2—Applied Radiation 2—Quantum Electronics 3— Electromagnetics 3—Time and Frequency 3—Laboratory Astrophysics 3—Cryo- 3 genics .
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • The Specific Heats of the Alkali Halides and Their Spectroscopic Behaviour
    THE SPECIFIC HEATS OF THE ALKALI HALIDES AND THEIR SPECTROSCOPIC BEHAVIOUR Part XH. The Potassium and Rubidium Salts BY SIR C. V. RAMAN (Memoir No. 131 of the Raman Research Institute, Bangalore-6) Received July 7, 1962 TABLE I below reproduces the atomic vibration frequencies of the halides of potassium and rubidium calculated by the approximate method set out in Part V of the memoir. Only two force-constants a and fl appear in the formul~e; a is a measure of the resistance to a change of bond-lengths and q to a change of the bond-angles in the crystal structure. The figures in Table I are the same as those listed in Part VI of the memoir but they are arranged in a slightly different manner. The highest frequency appears first, then the four frequencies of vibration of the octahedral layers and TABLE I The Atomic Vibration Frequencies (cm. -1) Degeneracies 1 8 3 " 6 KF 202 166 166 116 t 116 182 167 114 87 KC1 133 96 96 92 92 119 102 85 60 KBr 105 86 86 60 60 96 88 58 43 KI 90 79 79 44 44 84 8O 42 32 RbF 167 1 151 151 71 71 158 152 69 55 RbCI 103 87 87 56 56 95 89 53 39 78 56 56 54 54 71 63 47 RbBr I i 33 RbI 64 I 49 49 40 40 59 36 26 60 Specific Heats of Alkali Halides and their Spectroscopic Behavio,lr--XII 61 finally the frequencies of the four modes of coupled vibration of the atoms in the cubic layers.
    [Show full text]
  • Bromine K-Edge EXAFS Studies of Bromide Binding To
    FEBS 22491 FEBS Letters 457 (1999) 237^240 CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided byBromine Elsevier - Publisher Connector K-edge EXAFS studies of bromide binding to bromoperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum Holger Daua, Jens Dittmera, Matthias Eppleb, Jan Hanssc, Erzse¨bet Kissb, Dieter Rehderb;*, Carola Schulzkeb, Hans Vilterd a Fachbereich Biologie, Universita«t Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany b Institut fu«r Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universita«t Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany c Institut fu«r Physik, Universita«t Augsburg, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany d ZurmaienstraMe 16, D-54292 Trier, Germany Received 4 June 1999; received in revised form 30 July 1999 complex hydrogen bonding network to the vanadate moiety. Abstract Bromine K-edge EXAFS studies have been carried out for bromide/peroxidase samples in Tris buffer at pH 8. The Particularly noteworthy in the context of the following dis- results are compared with those of aqueous (Tris-buffered) cussion is Ser-402, which is at a distance to the vanadium î bromide and vanadium model compounds containing Br-V, centre of 4^5 A. Br-C(aliphatic) and Br-C(aromatic) bonds. It is found that While an X-ray di¡raction analysis [2] and 17O NMR meas- bromide does not coordinate to the vanadium centre. Rather, urements [7] of the peroxo forms of the peroxidases have bromine binds covalently to carbon. A possible candidate is active revealed direct coordination of peroxide to the vanadium site serine. centre, well in accord with the known ability of V(V) to z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornine on the Aiectli Iodides. by ~VILLIAMNORMAN RAE
    View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 1286 RAE : THE ACTION OF BROMINE ON THE ALKAT,I IODIDES. CX LIV.-The Action of &-ornine on the AIEctli Iodides. By ~VILLIAMNORMAN RAE. INa paper by Jackson and Derby on ferrous iodide (Amer. Chem. J., 1900, 24, 15), mention is made of the action of bromine vapour on solid ammonium iodide; these authors state that the ammonium iodide first turned black, but as the absorption went on it finally became converted into the scarlet ammonium bronio-iodo-bromide, NH,BrIBr. A curve constructed from the increase in weight of the ammonium iodide and the time of exposure to bromine showed that therel was a marked diminution in the speed of absorption after the first atom of bromine had been added, and they were unable to decide whether th4e black intermediate1 product was another compound, NH,BrI, or only a mixture of ammoniuni bromide and free iodine. The present investigation was under- taken in order to settle this point, and also to determine whether the action of bromine on other solid iodides follows a similar course. Ammonium bromo-iodo-bromide, NH,BrIBr, was prepared by dissolving the calculated quantities of ammonium bromide, iodine, and bromine in a small quantity of water; the solution was a deep ruby-red colour, and when left in a desiccator over phosphoric oxide slowly deposited crystals of the salt. A similar result was obtained starting with ammonium iodide and bromine. A specimen was analysed by adding a weighed quantity to a Published on 01 January 1915.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns
    7 NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. Nes AlllOD Ififib^fi PUBLICATIONS 100988698 ST5°5rv'25-17;1980 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 cr»T OF NBS MONOGRAPH 25-SECTION 1 V) J U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns . NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901 The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods ol measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Absolute Physical Quantities- — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry Dictionary
    Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University Biological and General Chemistry Department Medical chemistry course CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY Vinnitsa 2010 Systematic course is approved by academic council of Pirogov National Medical University of Vinnitsa (minutes № 5 from 2.03.2011) Authors: Assistant Professor Smirnova O.V. Assistant Professor Chervyak M.M. Assist. Shunkov V.S. Reviewer: Azarov O.S.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor Department of Biological and General Chemistry VNMU Marchak T.V.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor Department of Physiological Agriculture and Live Stock Breeding and Chemistry VNAU Shitova T.V. – Senior-lecturer Department of Russian and Ukrainian languages Head of English language courses VNMU Printing group VNMU: Text editor – Shunkov V.S. Computer editor – Shunkov V.S. Secretary Koroleva N.D. 2 Contents: 1) Chemistry Dictionary ……………………………………………………………………….4 2) Products: Complete List…………………………………………………………………….47 3 A Absolute Entropy (of a substance) The increase in the entropy of a substance as it goes from a perfectly ordered crystalline form at 0 °K (where its entropy is zero) to the temperature in question. Absolute Zero The zero point on the absolute temperature scale; -273.15°C or 0 K; theoretically, the temperature at which molecular motion ceases. Absorption Spectrum Spectrum associated with absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atoms (or other species) resulting from transitions from lower to higher energy states. Accuracy How closely a measured value agrees with the correct value. Acid A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly. Acid Anhydride The oxide of a nonmetal that reacts with water to form an acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Nomenclature: a Tutorial Rules & Drills with Answers
    Chemical Nomenclature: A Tutorial Rules & Drills with Answers Table of Contents Unit I: Chemical Symbols of Some Common Elements (Drill A)………………………2 Unit II: Nomenclature of Pure Elements (Drill B)……………………………………… 4 Unit III: Nomenclature of Monatomic Ions (Simple Ions) …………………………….. 5 Unit IIIA: Nomenclature of Monatomic Anions ……………………………………..5 Unit IIIB: Nomenclature of Monatomic Cations of Fixed Charges ………………….6 Unit IIIC: Nomenclature of Monatomic Cations of Variable Charges (Drill C)…….. 6 Unit IV: Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds of Monatomic Ions ……………………... 7 Unit IVA: Writing Formulas from a Given Name (Drill D)…………………………. 8 Unit IVB: Writing Names from a Given Formula (Drills E thru H)………………….9 Unit V: Nomenclature of Polyatomic Ions …………………………………………….11 Unit VA: The "Basic Eight" Polyatomic Ions (Drills I-1 thru I-4)…………………. 11 Unit VB: Polyatomic Ions with "- ite" Ending ……………………………………...14 Unit VC: Nomenclature of "- ate" and "- ite" Compounds (Drill I-5)……………… 14 Unit VD: Nomenclature of Oxohaloanions (Drills J & K)…………………………. 15 Unit VI: Nomenclature of Acids (Drill L)……………………………………………...17 Unit VII: Nomenclature of Acid Anions (Drill M)……………………………………. 20 Unit VIII: Nomenclature of Other Common Polyatomic Ions (Drill N)……………….22 Unit IX: Nomenclature of Molecular Binary Compounds (Drill O & P)……………... 23 Unit X: Nomenclature of Hydrates (Drill Q)…….…………………………………… 24 Answers to Drill A…………………………………………………………………. 26 Answers to Drill B…………………………………………………………………. 26 Answers to Drill C…………………………………………………………………. 26 Answers to Drill D………………………………………………………………… 27 Answers to Drill E…………………………………………………………………. 27 Answers to Drill F…………………………………………………………………. 27 Answers to Drill G…………………………………………………………………. 28 Answers to Drill H………………………………………………………………… 28 Answers to Drill I-1, I-2, I-3………………………………………………………. 29 Answers to Drill I-4, I-5…………………………………………………………… 30 Answers to Drill J………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • White Oak Creek Radionuclide Releases Oak Ridge Reservation
    PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT White Oak Creek Radionuclide Releases Oak Ridge Reservation (USDOE) Oak Ridge, Roane County, Tennessee EPA Facility ID: TN1890090003 August 2006 Prepared by: Federal Facilities Assessment Branch Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Oak Ridge Reservation: White Oak Creek Radionuclide Releases Public Health Assessment Foreword The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ATSDR, was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, also known as the Superfund law. This law set up a fund to identify and clean up our country's hazardous waste sites. The Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, and the individual states regulate the investigation and cleanup of the sites. Since 1986, ATSDR has been required by law to conduct a public health assessment at each of the sites on the EPA National Priorities List. The aim of these evaluations is to find out if people are being exposed to hazardous substances and, if so, whether that exposure is harmful and should be stopped or reduced. If appropriate, ATSDR also conducts public health assessments when petitioned by concerned individuals. Public health assessments are carried out by environmental and health scientists from ATSDR and from the states with which ATSDR has cooperative agreements. The public health assessment program allows the scientists flexibility in the format or structure of their response to the public health issues at hazardous waste sites. For example, a public health assessment could be one document or it could be a compilation of several health consultations—the structure may vary from site to site.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 0161550 A1
    Patentamt JEuropaischesEuropean Patent Office @ Publication number: 0161 5 SO A 1 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION Application number: 85104993.2 © Int. CI.*: C 07 C 119/042, C 07 C 118/00 Date of filing -.24.04.85 © Priority: 26.04.84 JP 82858/84 ® Applicant: Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, 2-6, 26.1 0.84 JP 2241 1 8/84 Dojimahama 1 -chome Kita-ku, Osaka-shi Osaka 530 (JP) @ Inventor: Fukuoka, Shinsuke 2-904, Asahi-Kasei-Ohtaka-Apt, 1005-1, Higashitomii, Kurashikl-shi Okayama-ken (JP) @ Date of publication of application : 21 .1 1 .85 Inventor : Watanabe, Tomonari 2-407, Bulletin 85/47 Asahi-Kasei-Ohtaka-Apt, 1 005-1 , Higashitomii, Kurashikl-shi Okayama-ken (JP) @ Representative : Strehl, Schiibel-Hopf , Schulz, Wfdenmayerstrasse 1 7 Postf ach 22 03 45, @ Designated Contracting States . BE DE FR GB D-8000 Miinchen 22 (DE) @ Process for producing an aliphatic isocyanate. A process for producing an aliphatic isocyanate from an aliphatic primary amine comprising a carbonylation step in which an aliphatic primary amine is allowed to react with car- bon monoxide at a temperature of about 100-250°C in the presence of an aromatic hydroxyl compound having a pKa value of not more than about 11, molecular oxigen and a cata- lyst system comprising at least one member selected from pal- ladium and rhodium metals and components thereof and at least one member selected from iodine and bromine and com- pounds thereof and a combined separation and recovery step comprising a pyrolysis-distillation reaction in which the mixture of carbonylated products is heated to a temperature of from about 100 to 300°C.
    [Show full text]
  • 0620 W14 Qp 12.Pdf
    www.XtremePapers.com Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHEMISTRY 0620/12 Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2014 45 Minutes Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet *7952590132* Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. Electronic calculators may be used. The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB14 11_0620_12/FP © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 2 1 Ethanol is made by fermentation. How is ethanol obtained from the fermentation mixture? A chromatography B crystallisation C electrolysis D fractional distillation 2 Which statement is an example of diffusion? A A kitchen towel soaks up some spilt milk.
    [Show full text]