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Alice Se Avonture in Afrikaans: ’N Vertaalteoretiese Beskouing Van Geskiktheid, Aanvaarbaarheid En Gepastheid

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Alice Se Avonture in Afrikaans: ’N Vertaalteoretiese Beskouing Van Geskiktheid, Aanvaarbaarheid En Gepastheid Alice se avonture in Afrikaans: ’n Vertaalteoretiese beskouing van geskiktheid, aanvaarbaarheid en gepastheid Lelanie de Roubaix Tesis ingelewer ter gedeeltelike voldoening aan die vereistes vir die graad Magister Philosophiae in Vertaling aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Studieleier: Prof AE Feinauer Maart 2010 0 Verklaring Deur hierdie tesis elektronies in te lewer, verklaar ek dat die geheel van die werk hierin vervat, my eie, oorspronklike werk is, dat ek die outeursregeienaar daarvan is (behalwe tot die mate uitdruklik anders aangedui) en dat ek dit nie vantevore, in die geheel of gedeeltelik, ter verkryging van enige kwalifikasie aangebied het nie. ………………………………… . ………………………………… . Lelanie de Roubaix Datum Kopiereg © 2009 Universiteit Stellenbosch Alle regte voorbehou i Opsomming Lewis Carroll se klassieke kinderverhaal Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland en die opvolg Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, het die reputasie as die tekste wat, naas die Bybel en Shakespeare, die meeste aangehaal word en vertaal word van alle tekste. Die status van die Alice-verhale as tydlose, klassieke verhale word bevestig deur die verskeie vertalings en verwerkings daarvan wat reeds gedoen is en steeds onderneem word. In hierdie studie word ’n beskrywende ondersoek van André P. Brink se Afrikaanse vertaling van Carroll se verhale onderneem om vas te stel of die vertalings vir huidige lesers steeds gepas is. Brink se Afrikaanse vertaling van Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is reeds in 1965 gepubliseer en die vertaling van Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There in 1968. ’n Oorsig oor die vernaamste vertaalteoretiese bydraes sedert die tagtigerjare word eerstens gebied as gronding vir die bestudering en beskrywing van vertalings. Relevante terminologie, waaronder geskiktheid en aanvaarbaarheid, kom ook aan bod. Daar word veral klem gelê op die interaksie tussen die teoretiese bydraes, wat gesamentlik dien as ’n grondslag vir die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak word oor die gepastheid van die vertaling. Die oordeel oor die gepastheid, al dan nie, van die vertaling word gegrond op ’n toepassing waar die vertaling bestudeer word. Die vertaling word vanuit ’n vertaalteoretiese oogpunt op makro- sowel as mikrovlak bestudeer. Op makrovlak word daar onder andere verwys na die titel, voorblaaie, illustrasies, hoofstuktitels en die (on)sigbaarheid van die vertaler. Die bestudering van die vertaling op mikrovlak behels ’n ondersoek na Brink se hantering van vertaalprobleme wat in die betrokke vertaalsituasie ontstaan. Na aanleiding van die bestudering van die vertaling kan daar afleidings gemaak word oor die gepastheid daarvan vir huidige lesers en word ’n aanbeveling gemaak oor die moontlikheid van ’n hervertaling. ii Abstract Lewis Carroll’s classic children’s tale Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, as well as its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, have the reputation of being the most quoted and translated texts of all time, after the Bible and Shakespeare. The status of the Alice books as timeless classics is confirmed by the numerous translations and adaptations of the texts that have already been made and is still being made. In this study, a descriptive investigation of André P. Brink’s Afrikaans translation of Carroll’s classic children’s books is undertaken in order to investigate whether the translation is still suitable for Afrikaans readers today. Brink’s Afrikaans translation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1965, and his translation of Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There in 1968. Firstly, an overview of the most important theoretical contributions to translation studies since the nineteen-eighties is given to provide a foundation for the investigation and description of translations. Relevant terminology, such as adequacy and acceptability, will be explained. Emphasis will especially be placed on the interaction between the theoretical contributions, which will serve as a basis for the conclusion drawn regarding the suitability of the translation. The conclusion will be based on an application where the translation will be investigated. The translation is studied from a theoretical point of view on macrostructural as well as microstructural level. In the macrostructural analysis, references to the title, cover pages, illustrations, chapter titles, and the (in)visibility of the translator will be made. The microstructural analysis comprises an investigation of how Brink dealt with translation problems that arose during the particular translation. As a result of the investigation of the translation, conclusions can be drawn regarding the suitability of the translation for current readers. A recommendation on the possibility of a retranslation is also offered. iii Dankbetuigings Hiermee betuig ek my opregte dank aan die volgende persone en instansies vir hulle bydrae tot hierdie studie: • My Hemelse Vader, die Middelpunt van my bestaan, vir die geleentheid en die vermoë; • My ouers, Hermann en Sussie de Roubaix, vir ’n leeftyd se oneindige liefde en ondersteuning, en my broer, Machno, wat my dinge in perspektief laat sien; • My studieleier, professor Ilse Feinauer, vir haar bekwame leiding, deurlopende professionaliteit en omvangryke kennis; • My vriende wat my altyd ondersteun en in my glo, in die besonder Carla-Marié Spies en Suzaan Hauman, veral vir ’n jaar van gedeelde akademiese lief en leed; • Die personeel van die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands (US) vir belangstelling; en • Die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands (US) en die HB Thom Trust vir finansiële ondersteuning. iv Inhoudsopgawe Hoofstuk 1: Inleiding ............................... .......................... ..................... 1 1.1 Agtergrond van die studie ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Die bronteks ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Die ontstaan van die Alice-stories ............................................................. 2 1.2.2 Die resepsie van die verhaal ..................................................................... 3 1.2.3 Die illustrasies in Alice’s Adventures ......................................................... 5 1.3 Tipiese teikenlesers ....................................................................................... 6 1.4 Die kanonisering van Alice’s Adventures ................................................... 7 1.4.1 Kinderliteratuur en die literêre polisisteem: ’n oorsig ................................. 7 1.4.2 Die posisie van Alice’s Adventures in die Engelse literêre kanon ............. 8 1.5 Kenmerke van die teks en Carroll se skryfstyl: ’n uitdaging aan vertalers ...... 10 1.6 Hipotese en probleemstelling ..................................................................... 12 1.7 Metodologie.................................................................................................. 13 1.8 Teoretiese benadering ................................................................................ 14 1.9 Verloop van die navorsing .......................................................................... 16 1.10 Ten slotte .................................................................................................... 18 Hoofstuk 2: Literatuurstudie ............................................................... 19 2.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................ 19 2.2. Deskriptiewe benadering tot vertaalstudie ............................................... 20 2.2.1 Die polisisteemteorie ............................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Beskrywende Vertaalstudie (BVS) .......................................................... 28 2.2.3 Norme in vertaling ................................................................................... 34 2.2.4 Manipulasieteorie .................................................................................... 40 2.3 Vertaling en ideologie ................................................................................. 45 2.4 Domestikering, vervreemding en die (on)sigbaarheid van die vertaler .. 47 v 2.5 Funksionalisme ............................................................................................ 55 2.6 Vertaling van kinderliteratuur ..................................................................... 63 2.6.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................... 64 2.6.2 Die begrip “kinderliteratuur” ..................................................................... 64 2.6.3 Die vertaling van kinderliteratuur ............................................................. 66 2.6.3.1 Benaderings tot vertaling van kinderliteratuur en ondersoek daarvan ......... 66 2.6.3.2 Uitdagings aan die vertaler van kinderliteratuur .......................................... 73 2.6.3.3 Die posisie van vertaalde kinderliteratuur in die literêre polisisteem ............ 75 2.6.3.4 Vertaling van kinderliteratuur in Afrikaans ................................................... 76 2.7 Gevolgtrekking ............................................................................................. 78 Hoofstuk 3: Doeltekstoepassing op makrovlak ................................ 79 3.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................
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