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2009 Miclacardosodesouza.Pdf i UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS E TRADUÇÃO PROGRAMA DE MESTRADO EM LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA PERCURSOS TRADUTÓRIOS DE TRÊS TRADUÇÕES EM PORTUGUÊS DE ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND MICLA CARDOSO DE SOUZA BRASÍLIA 2009 ii UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS E TRADUÇÃO PROGRAMA DE MESTRADO EM LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA PERCURSOS TRADUTÓRIOS DE TRÊS TRADUÇÕES EM PORTUGUÊS DE ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND MICLA CARDOSO DE SOUZA BRASÍLIA 2009 iii MICLA CARDOSO DE SOUZA PERCURSOS TRADUTÓRIOS DE TRÊS TRADUÇÕES EM PORTUGUÊS DE ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND Dissertação de mestrado apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Lingüística Aplicada pelo Programa em Pós-Graduação em Lingüística Aplicada da Universidade de Brasília. Orientadora: Professora Doutora Válmi Hatje-Faggion Brasília 2009 0 S719p Souza, Micla Cardoso de. Percursos tradutórios de três traduções em português de Alice’s adventures in wonderland. / Micla Cardoso de Souza. – Brasília, 2009. xiii, 209 f. ; il. : 30 cm. Orientador(a): Válmi Hatje-Faggion Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, 2009. 1. Literatura comparada. 2. Tradução literária. 3. Intertextualidade. 4. Cultura. 5. Reescritura. I. Hatje-Faggion, Válmi. II. Título. CDU 82.035 iv v DEDICATÓRIA A Deus, que me capacitou para dar mais este passo. À minha família e amigos, pela paciência e apoio enquanto estava concentrada neste projeto. Aos meus professores de mestrado, que me orientaram e prepararam para este trabalho e os próximos que hão de vir. vi AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, acima de tudo. Ao Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução da Universidade de Brasília, pela oportunidade de aprofundar meus estudos na área de tradução. A CAPES, pelo incentivo que permitiu uma dedicação integral à minha dissertação. A minha orientadora, Professora Válmi Hatje-Faggion, pelas orientações valiosas, pelo apoio constante e carinho. Aos professores da banca, Sara Viola Rodrigues, Cynthia Ann Bell dos Santos e Germana Henriques Pereira de Sousa por aceitarem nosso convite. Ao Ivan Pinheiro Machado, editor da L&PM Editores, por se disponibilizar a responder às minhas questões. Ao Cláudio Willer da Revista Agulha, que indicou o contato do Ivan. À tradutora Rosaura Eichenberg, por sua importante contribuição. A Mariana Zahar, editora da Jorge Zahar Editor, pelas elucidações em relação à edição anotada da história de Alice. À tradutora Maria Luiza X. de A. Borges, por sua colaboração vital. Ao Paulo Lima do Balaio de Notícias, por intermediar meu contato com Ana Maria Machado. À escritora Ana Maria Machado, por sua participação ímpar. Aos professores do mestrado, que abriram minha mente para novos horizontes. Aos colegas do mestrado, que se tornaram grandes amigos. Aos meus pais, que apontaram esse caminho. À minha irmã, que me acompanhou nesse processo. A todos que participaram de uma ou outra maneira na realização deste trabalho. vii “Aprender é a única coisa que a mente nunca se cansa, nunca tem medo e nunca se arrepende”. Leonardo Da Vinci viii RESUMO A atividade tradutória não ocorre apenas ao se passar um texto de uma língua para outra. Apesar de o aspecto lingüístico ser fundamental, há inúmeros outros fatores envolvidos, dentre eles o contexto de produção e os agentes institucionais. Muitas vezes, uma tradução é criticada sem se conhecer o contexto em que surgiu. Por isso, estar ciente dos elementos e agentes responsáveis por elaborá-la e moldá-la (normas) é imprescindível para se entender melhor porque um texto foi traduzido de uma determinada maneira. Os percursos tradutórios variam conforme os propósitos implícitos na seleção, produção e publicação de uma dada tradução. Isso é visivelmente perceptível quando se leva em consideração as várias traduções de um mesmo texto. Fundamentando-se nessas colocações, o objetivo desta dissertação é demonstrar como uma mesma obra pode ser traduzida de inúmeras maneiras ao passar de um sistema literário para outro. Para tanto, foram selecionadas três traduções diferentes para o português da obra Alice’s adventures in wonderland de Lewis Carroll, que já foi (re-) traduzida e publicada diversas vezes no Brasil. As três traduções escolhidas para indicar as possíveis estratégias tradutórias adotadas em cada caso, conforme os perfis de suas editoras e tradutoras, são as seguintes: “Alice no país das maravilhas” da L&PM Pocket, publicada em 1998 e traduzida por Rosaura Eichenberg e Ísis Alves; “Alice: edição comentada” da Jorge Zahar Editor, publicada em 2002, traduzida por Maria X. de A. Borges; e “Alice no país das maravilhas” da Editora Ática, publicada em 2006, traduzida por Ana Maria Machado. O modelo teórico de descrição de traduções literárias de Lambert e Van Gorp (1985) serve de ponto de partida para fornecer uma visão panorâmica das três traduções e seu respectivo texto de partida. Além disso, por se tratar de uma obra imbricada de aspectos culturais da cultura de língua inglesa, presentes na narrativa por meio da intertextualidade materializada principalmente em alusões, trocadilhos e paródias, esses tópicos também integram a leitura comparativa, que tem por base pressupostos teóricos de autores como Kristeva (1969), Lefevere (1992), Newmark (1988), Hermans (1988) e Aixelá (1996). Os dados indicam que, apesar das semelhanças entre as traduções, os textos traduzidos apresentam diferenças e peculiaridades quando se observa os públicos previstos e os participantes envolvidos no processo tradutório. Palavras-chave : teoria dos polissistemas, reescritura, cultura, intertextualidade, literatura comparada. ix ABSTRACT The translation activity does not only occur when a text is passed from one language into another. Even though the linguistic aspect is fundamental, there are several other factors involved, amongst them the context of production of a text and its institutional agents. Many times, a translation is criticized without knowledge of the context in which it was produced. Therefore, being aware of the elements and agents responsible for elaborating and shaping it (norms) is essential for a better understanding of why a text was translated a certain way. The translation paths vary according to the implicit purposes involved in the selection, production and printing of a certain translation. This is visibly noticed when several translations of a same text are taken into account. Based on these aspects, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate how a same text can be translated innumerous ways when passing from one literary system into another. With this purpose, three different translations of Lewis Carroll’s story “Alice’s adventures in wonderland”, which was (re)translated and published in Brazil several times, were selected. The three translations chosen to indicate the possible translation strategies adopted in each case, according to the profile of the publishers and translators are the following: Alice no país das maravilhas published by L&PM Pocket in 1998 and translated by Rosaura Eichenberg and Ísis Alves; Alice : edição comentada published by Jorge Zahar Editor in 2002, translated by Maria X. de A. Borges; and Alice no país das maravilhas published by Editora Ática in 2006, translated by Ana Maria Machado. Lambert and Van Gorp’s (1985) theoretical model for literary translation description offers a panoramic view of the three translations and their source text. Furthermore, since Carroll’s story is characterized by cultural aspects of the English language, present in the narrative by means of intertextuality, mainly allusions, word puns and parodies, these topics are also part of the comparative reading, which is based on authors, such as, Kristeva (1969), Lefevere (1992), Newmark (1988), Hermans (1988) and Aixelá (1996). The data collected indicate that, in spite of similarities between translations, the translated texts have their own differences and peculiarities when the expected public and people involved in the translation process are taken into account. Key-words : polysystem theory, rewriting, culture, intertextuality, comparative literature. x SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................1 1. O POLISSISTEMA CULTURAL, O SISTEMA LITERÁRIO E A LITERATURA TRADUZIDA...................................................................................14 1.1 Teoria dos polissistemas.......................................................................................14 1.1.1 Fundamentos .................................................................................................14 1.1.2 Do conceito de sistema ao polissistema ........................................................16 1.1.3 O polissistema cultural ..................................................................................18 1.1.4 As tensões do sistema literário ......................................................................21 1.1.5 O sistema literário .........................................................................................23 1.1.6 A literatura traduzida como sistema .............................................................. 26 1.2 A literatura traduzida........................................................................................... 28 1.2.1 Normas .......................................................................................................... 29 1.2.2 Patronagem
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