British Intelligence, Counter-Subversion, and ‘Informal Empire’ in the Middle East
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A New Decade for Social Changes
Vol. 7, 2020 A new decade for social changes ISSN 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com 9 772668 779000 Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 7, 289-294, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com SOE operations in Albania during the Second World War Marian Zidaru Romanian Society of Historical Science, Constanta Branch [email protected] Abstract. After Mussolini entered World War II on the side of Hitler, the British sent a colonel into Albania in April 1941 to help the resistance, but he was soon captured. It would not be until April 16, 1943, that two more SOE officers, Lt. Col. Neil McLean and Captain David Smiley, parachuted into northern Greece and crossed the border. Others would follow, including a former lieutenant in the Spanish Foreign Legion, Peter Kemp; Himalayan explorer Bill Tillman; and Reginald Hibbert, whose view of events in Albania in the years to come would put him bitterly at odds with his fellow SOE officers. SOE operations were hampered by woeful British ignorance about Albania. London had only a lower-level diplomatic presence there before the Italian occupation, and the main source of information had been an elderly Englishwoman who had lived there for 20 years. This paper told the story of SOE operations in Albania. Keywords. SOE, Albania, guerrillas, David Smiley 1 Guerilla War in Albania After Mussolini entered World War II on the German side, the SOE sent a colonel to Albania in April 1941 to help the resistance, but he was soon captured. Two other SOE officers, Colonel Neil McLean and Captain David Smiley, were parachuted in April 16, 1943, into northern Greece and crossed the border. -
Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Mr Francesco Cacciatore, 2018. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Francesco Alexander Cacciatore March 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Covert action during the Cold War has been the subject of much historiography. This research, however, is based for the most part on primary sources, specifically on the records declassified in the United States in 2007 as a consequence of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act. The majority of the historiography on this topic either predates or neglects these records. The study of covert operations inside the Iron Curtain during the early Cold War, sponsored by Western states using émigré agents, usually ends with the conclusion that these operations were a failure, both in operational terms and from the point of view of the intelligence gathered. -
FRASER, Sir Simon James, GCMG
BDOHP Interview Index and Biographical Details Sir Simon James Fraser, GCMG, 2016 (KCMG 2013; CMG 2009) Biographical Details with (on right) relevant pages in the interview: Entered Diplomatic Service, 1979 pp 2-3 UKMIS, New York, United Nations, and UN Dept, FCO, 1979-80 pp 3-6 Arabic language training, 1981 pp 6-8 Second Secretary, Baghdad, 1982–84 pp 9-24 Second Secretary, Damascus, 1984-86 pp 14-17 First Secretary, FCO, 1986–88 pp 17-19 (South Africa sanctions desk, pp 16-17; Iran-Iraq war desk, p 18) Private Secretary to Minister of State, FCO, 1989–90 pp 20-22 Policy Planning Staff, FCO, 1991–92 pp 22-24 Assistant Head, Non-Proliferation and Defence Dept, FCO, 1992–93 - First Secretary, Financial and Economic Affairs, Paris, 1993–96 pp 24-26 Deputy Chef de Cabinet of Vice-President of EC, 1996–99 pp 26-29 Political Counsellor, Paris, 1999–2002 pp 30-32 Director for Strategy and Innovation, FCO, 2002–04 pp 32-35 Director Middle East, FCO, 2004 pp 35-36 Chief of Staff to Peter Mandelson, EC, 2004–08 pp 36-41 Director General for Europe and Globalisation, FCO, 2008–09 pp 41-42 Permanent Secretary, BERR, later BIS, 2009–10 pp 43-45 Permanent Under-Secretary of State, FCO, and Head of Diplomatic pp 45-57 Service, 2010–15. 1 BRITISH DIPLOMATIC ORAL HISTORY PROGRAMME RECOLLECTIONS OF SIR SIMON FRASER GCMG RECORDED AND TRANSCRIBED BY ABBEY WRIGHT Copyright: Sir Simon Fraser AW: This is 11 July 2018 and Sir Simon Fraser is giving his recollections of his diplomatic career. -
H-Diplo Roundtable, Vol. XI, No. 29
2010 H-Diplo H-Diplo Roundtable Review Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Roundtable Web/Production Editor: George Fujii Volume XI, No. 29 (2010) 10 June 2010 Sarah-Jane Corke. U.S. Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy: Truman, Secret Warfare and the CIA, 1945-53. 256 pp. London: Routledge, 2007. ISBN: 978-0-415-42077-8 (hardback, $160.00); 978-0-203-01630-5 (eBook, £80.00). Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XI-29.pdf Contents Introduction by Robert Jervis, Columbia University ................................................................. 2 Review by Betty A. Dessants, Shippensburg University ........................................................... 6 Review by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, University of Edinburgh....................................................... 9 Review by Scott Lucas, University of Birmingham .................................................................. 12 Review by Gregory Mitrovich, Columbia University ............................................................... 14 Response by Sarah-Jane Corke, Dalhousie University ............................................................ 20 Copyright © 2010 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. XI, No. 29 (2010) Introduction by Robert Jervis, Columbia University rom the start, the role of psychological warfare and covert action has had a strange place in the historiography of the Cold War. Being surrounded by an air of mystery if F not romance, they have loomed large for the general public and the media, which alternately glamorized and demonized them. -
Canadian Infantry Combat Training During the Second World War
SHARPENING THE SABRE: CANADIAN INFANTRY COMBAT TRAINING DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR By R. DANIEL PELLERIN BBA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2007 BA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2008 MA, University of Waterloo, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © Raymond Daniel Ryan Pellerin, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii ABSTRACT “Sharpening the Sabre: Canadian Infantry Combat Training during the Second World War” Author: R. Daniel Pellerin Supervisor: Serge Marc Durflinger 2016 During the Second World War, training was the Canadian Army’s longest sustained activity. Aside from isolated engagements at Hong Kong and Dieppe, the Canadians did not fight in a protracted campaign until the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. The years that Canadian infantry units spent training in the United Kingdom were formative in the history of the Canadian Army. Despite what much of the historical literature has suggested, training succeeded in making the Canadian infantry capable of succeeding in battle against German forces. Canadian infantry training showed a definite progression towards professionalism and away from a pervasive prewar mentality that the infantry was a largely unskilled arm and that training infantrymen did not require special expertise. From 1939 to 1941, Canadian infantry training suffered from problems ranging from equipment shortages to poor senior leadership. In late 1941, the Canadians were introduced to a new method of training called “battle drill,” which broke tactical manoeuvres into simple movements, encouraged initiative among junior leaders, and greatly boosted the men’s morale. -
1 Introduction
Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p. -
Britain and the Greek Security Battalions, 1943-1944
VOL. XV, Nos. 1 & 2 SPRING-SUMMER 1988 Publisher: LEANDROS PAPATHANASIOU Editorial Board: MARIOS L. EVRIVIADES ALEXANDROS KITROEFF PETER PAPPAS YIANNIS P. ROUBATIS Managing Eidtor: SUSAN ANASTASAKOS Advisory Board: MARGARET ALEXIOU KOSTIS MOSKOFF Harvard University Thessaloniki, Greece SPYROS I. ASDRACHAS Nlcos MOUZELIS University of Paris I London School of Economics LOUKAS AXELOS JAMES PETRAS Athens, Greece S.U.N.Y. at Binghamton HAGEN FLEISCHER OLE L. SMITH University of Crete University of Copenhagen ANGELIKI E. LAIOU STAVROS B. THOMADAKIS Harvard University Baruch College, C.U.N.Y. CONSTANTINE TSOUCALAS University of Athens The Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora is a quarterly review published by Pella Publishing Company, Inc., 337 West 36th Street, New York, NY 10018-6401, U.S.A., in March, June, September, and December. Copyright © 1988 by Pella Publishing Company. ISSN 0364-2976 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS DAVID GILMORE is professor of anthropology at the State Uni- versity of New York at Stony Brook . MOLLY GREENE is a doc- toral candidate at Princeton University . CLIFFORD P. HACKETT is a former aide to U.S. Representative Benjamin Rosenthal and Senator Paul Sarbanes. He is currently administering an exchange program between the U.S. Congress and the European Parliament and is also executive director of the American Council for Jean Monnet Studies . JOHN LOUIS HONDROS is professor of history at the College of Wooster, Ohio ... ADAMANTIA POLLIS is professor of political science at the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Re- search . JOHN E. REXINE is Charles A. Dana Professor of the Classics and director of the division of the humanities at Colgate Uni- versity . -
Home Office Appraisal Report 1953-2016
Appraisal Report HOME OFFICE 1953 - 2016 Home Office Appraisal report CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Type of agency ............................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Annual budget ................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Number of employees ..................................................................................................... 11 1.5 History of organisation .................................................................................................... 12 1.6 Functions, activities, and recordkeeping ......................................................................... 25 1.7 Name of the parent or sponsoring department) .............................................................. 30 1.8 Relationship with parent department .............................................................................. 30 1.9 Relationship with other organisations ............................................................................. 30 SELECTION DECISIONS ............................................................................................................ 32 2.1 Areas of Policy Work undertaken in the organisation .................................................... -
Reference Code
SMILEY GB165-0336 Reference code: GB165-0336 Title: David Smiley Collection Name of creator: Smiley, David (1916-2009) Dates of creation of material: Feb 1958-Nov 1969 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 1 box Biographical history: SMILEY, David, born 11 April 1916, decorations include: LVC, OBE, MC and bar. Educated at National College, Pangbourne, and RMC Sandhurst. In 1936 he was commissioned into the Royal Horse Guards (The Blues), and from 1940 – 1942 served in the 1st Household Cavalry Regiment in Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Cyprus and the Western Desert, and with 52 Middle East Commando in Abyssinia. In 1943 he volunteered for Special Operations Executive (SOE), and from 1943 – 1944 he parachuted into Greece and later Albania to work with guerrilla forces, transferring to Force 136 (SOE in Far East) in 1945 and parachuting into Siam to work with the Thai resistance movement where he helped to liberate the Ubon Prisoner of War camp. In 1946 he attended the Camberley Staff College. In 1947 he was appointed Assistant Military Attaché, Warsaw, Poland, and from 1949 - 1950 was seconded to MI6. From 1952 – 1955 he commanded the Royal Horse Guards, and from 1955 – 1958 was Military Attaché, Stockholm, Sweden. From 1958 - 1961 he was seconded to Oman as Commander of the Sultan’s Armed Forces (CSAF), retiring from the Army in 1961 with the rank of Colonel. From 1962 – 1966 he served as the Military Adviser to the Imam of Yemen. He retired to live in Spain in 1966, returning to the UK in 1988. Mentioned in Despatches. Published works include: Arabian Assignment (1975), Leo Cooper; Albanian Assignment (1984), Chatto and Windus; Irregular Regular (1994), Michael Russell. -
The Relationship of the Home Office and the Ministry Of
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE HOME OFFICE AND THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR WITH THE TREASURY ESTABLISHMENT DIVISION 1919-1946 AN EVALUATION OF CONTRASTING NEEDS NORMAN GEORGE PRICE Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD London School of Economics (University of London) 1 UMI Number: U042642 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U042642 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 t h e s e s F 68 nu-oaaiS ABSTRACT The thesis examines three Departments of the British Home Civil Service from 1919 to 1946: the Home Office, the Ministry of Labour and the Treasury Establishment Division. The study investigates the contrasting needs, in establishment terms, of an old "Secretary of State" department the Home Office, performing a largely regulatory role, with a new department the Ministry of Labour performing an administrative role, and the relationship of both over establishment matters with the Treasury. The study assesses the roles of individual Administrative Class civil servants in the three departments from the rank of Principal to Permanent Secretary: with particular reference to the relationships existing between the Permanent Secretaries of the two departments and the Permanent Secretaries of the Treasury and their Controllers of Establishments. -
Retroactively Classified Documents, the First Amendment, and the Power to Make Secrets out of the Public Record
ARTICLE DO YOU HAVE TO KEEP THE GOVERNMENT’S SECRETS? RETROACTIVELY CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS, THE FIRST AMENDMENT, AND THE POWER TO MAKE SECRETS OUT OF THE PUBLIC RECORD JONATHAN ABEL† INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1038 I. RETROACTIVE CLASSIFICATION IN PRACTICE AND THEORY ... 1042 A. Examples of Retroactive Classification .......................................... 1043 B. The History of Retroactive Classification ....................................... 1048 C. The Rules Governing Retroactive Classification ............................. 1052 1. Retroactive Reclassification ............................................... 1053 2. Retroactive “Original” Classification ................................. 1056 3. Retroactive Classification of Inadvertently Declassified Documents .................................................... 1058 II. CAN I BE PROSECUTED FOR DISOBEYING RETROACTIVE CLASSIFICATION? ............................................ 1059 A. Classified Documents ................................................................. 1059 1. Why an Espionage Act Prosecution Would Fail ................. 1061 2. Why an Espionage Act Prosecution Would Succeed ........... 1063 3. What to Make of the Debate ............................................. 1066 B. Retroactively Classified Documents ...............................................1067 1. Are the Threats of Prosecution Real? ................................. 1067 2. Source/Distributor Divide ............................................... -
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February 2018 Disclaimer: This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. LLNL-BOOK-746803 Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue: Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February