390 River, Boljetin. These Small Monetary Deposits, Present a Coin

River, Boljetin. These small monetary deposits, present a coin from 82, and the Tisza and Mureş during antiquity. Partially preserved, the inscription presents a second one has a coin from 81 A.D., indirectly, this fact sustains the hipothesis knight career inhabitant of Ulpia Trajana named M. Papirius… who after prima argumentation. militia having the quality of praefectus cohortis I Pannoniorum of Dacia, held a A second clue is revealed by the position of the Cazane sector on Danube second one as praefectus ripae Danuvii Tibissi and than the third or even at the River as we stated previously, a section that was most favorable for this type of same time that of curator pontis Augusti in Moesia, only to retire after in the capital attacks. Not by chance, in that period there were two Dacian fortifications in the city of Dacia where he was II vir and patronus of Colonia (Benea 2015, p. 93–104). sector, that from Divici and Pescari, both constantly surveilling Roman presence The inscription text prooves the existence of Roman controll spread over to the south of the river. Tisza bank. Asserting that during Trajan, the entire south west territory of Dacia up Domitianus decides for the first time to organise a campaign north of the to Tisza was under Roman rule, not very clear under which form. Nor how farther Danube, developing between 87–89, first in favor of the Dacians, the second with North along Tisza it went, we cannot state, as we mentioned above. Judging by the final Roman victory at Tapae. As a consequence after the two wars, in south archaeological and numismatic clues found in Crişana, the area can be linked with western Dacia, apparently at a distance from Danube a terra deserta in front of Trajans period. The marshland in front of Tisza made the area impenetrable, being Moesia province was realised. Fact that is understandable because in this area until a natural barieer against any barbarian attacks that tried to penetrate Tisza and now there have not been conclusive traces of Dacian fortresses or settlements advance East towards the province, even though Roman units were established on dating from the second half of the 1st century A.D., which would confirm this (with the western communication line of Lederata–Tibiscum and there was one supposed the exception of two fortifications from Divici and Zidovar). fort placed in front of this defensive line, the one from Vârşeţ. Shortly after these events, Trajan initiated the two campaigns north of the During the first years after the Roman conquest we do not encounter major Danube in 101–102, 105–106, followed by the conquest of a large part of the political and military events in this sector, besides the construction of the main Dacian kingdom. The south west sector of Dacia played an important part during Roman earth fortifications. Roads were also built along south bank of Danube these events due to its position near Moesia Superior, being a supply base for the River, the imperial roads with military character from Dierna–Tibiscum and large Roman armies. Also part of the troops from the western empire and the Lederata–Tibiscum associated with secondary connection roads. province of Pannonia in particular, were brought to Dacia by fleet under the command During Hadrian (117–138) one can observe that west of the allignement of of C. Manlius Felix on the Danube and Tisza and then continued on Mureş valley fortifications found at Lederata–Tibiscum, a nearby construction was realised, an to the foothills of Şureanu. element of fortification made of a ditch and rampant probably meant to be a The Roman armies advance towards the center of the Dacian state found in dividing line between the occupied Roman territory and the the plains that Orăştiei Mountains led to the military occupation of this territory since the year 101. stretched to Tisza. The orientation of this structure was from South to North. It By 106, ancient Banat (up to Tisza) and western Oltenia were integrated to Moesia started from the Danube, East of Banatska Palanka (Serbia), went towards North, Superior, while south-Carpathian region (with the west of Oltenia and Muntenia) in parallel with the fort line Lederata–Berzobis (through nowadays Jamul Mic, were attributed to Moesia Inferior. In between the years 102–105, in the occupied Jamul Mare, Butin, Berecuţa, Birda, Stamora Română, Sacoşul Turcesc, Ianova, territory military structures were shaped by great earth fortifications erected on one Bencecu de Sus, Remetea Mică, Neudorf) and continued up to Mureş. It didnt side of the place of future Ulpia Trajana colony, then Zăvoi, Berzobis or on mountain crossed over the Mureş line, delimitating the ancient controlled space. crests towards Sarmizegetusa Regia (Pătru’s Peak, Comărnicel etc.) or by smaller On Romanian and Serbian territory, along this ditch and rampant structure no castella with troops reduced numerically, that were meant to guard the archaeological researches were carried out whatsoever. By default, we do not have communication lines formed, such as those from: Cornuţel, Tibiscum etc. any precise chronological data. It appears closest to the line of Lederata–Tibiscum As a result of capital city Colonia Dacica establishment in 108, legion IIII fortifications. Weave flattening and lack of field research on its trail leads us to Flavia Felix was transferred to the fort from Berzobis and the south western believe that it could represent a first line of defense to protect the fortifications territorial organisation started. Stamps bearing the legion name are present not only mentioned, which may be from Hadrian’s era. In this case, the Roman withdrawal in the main fortifications from: Banatska Palanka, Cuvin (Serbia), Surducu Mare, in front of the floodable plane was earlier and, in military terms, it was correctly Bersobis, Tibiscum, Arcidava (Chilii point), Drobeta, but in other areas such as engineered thus, clearly outlining two areas: the hilly mountain – found under Roman Aradul Nou, Pătaş, Eftimie Murgu, Bocşa Română, Denta, Băile Herculane. occupation and a second one – of plain, westwards, as a buffer to Tisza, where no The situation in the plains of south western Dacia remains largely unclear. rural settlements were doccumented at the time, judging by the archaeological But in an inscription found at Ulpia Trajana (CIL III,90*) included with the findings and field researches made so far. It shows that in the first half of the inscriptions considered false whose reading we resumed recently, allowed us to see 2nd century, the territory of the Banat plain up to Tisza River, a terra deserta was some things that provide another basis for discussion for the territory between maintained by the Romans and watched closely by troops of Lederata–Tibiscum 390 391.

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