.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
SOCIOLOGISTS AND SUFIS: A REASSESSMENT OF SAINTHOOD IN EARLY SUFISM
IN LIGHT OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOCIOLOGY
.
In the name of God, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. ... . . . . .
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire .
The Spirit of Early Christian Thought .
.
.
.
.
. shariʻah .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
petitions . . .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
capitalized
closeness .
intercession
.
. Catholic Encyclopedia
. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionar, . . . . .
.
.
Theokotos .
.
.
.
Jewish .
The Catholic Encyclopedia . . . . . . . . Saints and Virtues . .
. sans . The American Journal of Sociology . .
. . . .
. . The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria Saint Veneration among the Jews in Morocco . . .
.
.
Siddur . . . Siddur . . .
.
.
.
.
. .
Zaddiq
.
tsaddikim 20
.
.
Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic . . Zaddiq tsaddik .
. Duties of the Heart ahadith . The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Jewish Philosophy . .
Diwan al-Awliya Lamedvovniks in whose merit the world continues to exist .... lamed vov nik The Dictionary of Jewish Usage: A Popular Guide to the use of Jewish Terms . . .
tsaddik .
. posthumous . . . The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference . .
.
. .
.
.
. axis mundi 23 zaddiq .
.
.
axis mundi . axis mundi . . . Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys . . The Journal of Religion . .
Journal of the American Academy of Religion . .
.
.”
.
.
.
.
. Encyclopedia of Religion . . .
. . . . Concepts of Person in Religion and Thought . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.”
.
. Encyclopedia of Religion . .
. Z .
A Comparative Sociology of World Religions: Virtuosos, Priests, and Popular Religion .
. Encyclopedia of Religion .
Khās Awām .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
Jewish-Muslim Encounters: History, Philosophy, And Culture . . . . . .
.
. . .
. .
.
proximity power
protection
.
Wali w-l-y walī Allah . . wali walaya wali walaya . . Walī . awliyāʾ
. .
. . Skepê Pokrov . . .
.
. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World . . .
walāya wilāya.42
walī.
.
awlīāʾ . welāya . wilāya
maʿrifa
ʿilm .
.
.
.
walāya walī wilāya .
. Encyclopædia Iranica . .
ʿilm maʿrifa Historical Dictionary of Sufism . .
desired by God Mystical Islam: An Introduction to Sufism .
. .
.
ʿilm maʿrifa
. maʿrifa
.
. . explicit
.
Sunnah . K. Khatm al-Awliyāʾ
Journal of Islamic Studies . .
. Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn al-ʻArabī’s Book of the fabulous gryphon .
.
. creative reinterpretation .
.
.
w-l-y wilāya . walāya
.
al-Walī walī awliyāʾ
.
. wilāya walāya . . Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism . Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn ‘Arabī . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. In the Vicinity of the Righteous: Ziyāra and the Veneration of Muslim Saints in Late Medieval Egypt . . . The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown . . . .
.
. Sufism: The Formative Period .
.
.
awliyāʾ
. awliyāʾ shuyukh .
.
Dīwān al-Awliyāʾ Rijāl al-Ghayb .
.
The Doctrine of the Ṣūfīs (Kitāb al-taʻarruf li-madhhab ahl al- taṣawwuf), . . . .
. karamat mu’jizat . . Karama . . .
.
. . . . . akhyār abdʾāl abrār awtād nukabāʾ . . Qutb .
.
.
.
. Rijāl al-ʿAdad
.
. Science of the cosmos, science of the soul: the pertinence of Islamic cosmology in the modern world .
. The Encyclopaedia of Islām . . . . . . . .
Seal .
Science
.
.
.
.
.
awliyāʾ
.
Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn `Arabi Society .
An Ocean Without Shore: Ibn ʻArabî, the Book, and the Law .
.
Dreams, Sufism, and Sainthood: the Visionary Career of Muhammad al-Zawâwî . . .
.
.
maʿrifa
.
.
Encyclopædia Britannica . . . al-Khiḍr Encyclopædia Britannica . . .
awliyā.
.
Seal .
.
.
.
.
.
Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies murids . murid .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. “
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
On Archaeology of Sainthood and Local Spirituality in Islam: Past and Present Crossroads of Events and Ideas . .
ISIM Review .
Islam and Christian– Muslim Relations . .
.
.
. .
.
. . Sociological Theory in the Classical Era: Text and Readings . .
. . . . . . Sociology of Religion . .
.
Defining Islam: A Reader . . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sociological Analysis . .
. Islam: Critical Concepts Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology . . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Critique: Critical Middle Easten Studies . .
. Annual Review of Anthropology .
. Religion and Social Theory . . .
Religion . .
Religion .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
Religion .
Max Weber & Islam . . .
.
.
.
in
of .
.
. .
.
. . new .
. Religion in Sociological Perspective . . . . .
Sufism in Europe and North America . .
.
. . raison d’être
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . sans
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . Mysticism: A Variety of Psychological Perspectives . .
. Sociological Analysis . .
. .
.
. .
.
fuqaha marabouts
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sociological Analysis . .
.
. . . Sociological Analysis . .
. .
Weberian Sociological Theory .
. The British Journal of Sociology . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Z
.
Z
Islam: Critical Concepts . . . .
. Encyclopedia of Religion .
Religion .
. Weber and Islam: A Critical Study .
.
.
islam islam
urban .
.
.
.
.
.
Z . Z . Islam: Critical Concepts .
. . .
.
.
.
fuqaha` . fuqaha` . shariʻa
.
. . .
.
a priori
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
shaykh .
sharifs.118
Turūq . Tarīqah .
.
.
. .
.
sharifs .
.
.
.
shuyukh as
. sheikh murid
.
.
Islam: Critical Concepts .
. .
.
. . .
.
. .
.
. Archives de sciences sociales des religions . .
Pilgrims of love: the anthropology of a global Sufi cult .
.
.
The Interpretation of Cultures .
functions
.
démodé .
a a .
.
.
. . The Journal of Religion . .
functioning . . Anthropological Theories . . . . . . . . . Interpretation of Cultures .
. . Concepts of person in religion and thought . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
The Religion of Java .... .
Z .
. .
. . The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization . .
.
. ...
...
.
...
.
.
.
.
. . Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia .
. Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta .
. Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta . . History of Religions . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
Z Z Z
.
.
Sirat al-Awliyya
Bad al-sha n.
.
. .
.
. Kashf al-Maḥjūb .
The Islamic Quarterly . .
.
wilaya .
.
.
.
Sira
.
.
The Islamic Quarterly . .
. Sufism: The Formative Period .
.
.
.
.
nafs .
nafs .
Khatm al-Nabīyeen . . . .
. .
awliyā .
. Heritage of Sufism 1, Classical Persian Sufism from its origins to Rumi, 700-1300 .
.
.
. ʿummāl allāh
.
.
.
.
.
Sirat
walī Allāh walī Ḥaqq
Allāh .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
walī Ḥaqq Allah . walī
. Ḥaqq
.
. “
.
.
Diwān al-Awliyāʾ
.
.
. .
. . .
nafs .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
permanent
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
even other saints
abdāl .
Abdāl
. .
.
Abdāl.
.
. khatim al-walaya .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Abdāl .
Abdāl
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
.
.
Ummah .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
when it is foreordained by God .
.
. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
abdāl .
rūḥ al-Allah kalīm Allah ḥabīb Allah 182
. . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Sira
.
.
shuyukh
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
al-Shaykh al-Akbar
.
.
Seal .
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
waḥdat al-wujūd
Seal .
.
.
Seal .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
The New Encyclopedia of Islam . . .
.
Ibn ʻArabī, the Voyage of No Return . Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikām . Futūḥāt .
Seal .
.
wahdat al-wujūd197
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikām.
.
absence .
. .
.
.
. . .
.
. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-ʻArabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination . . .
. . The Sufi Orders in Islam .
.
.
. .
. . Rijāl al-Adad
.
Rajabiyyūn
Mudabbirūn
.
.
.
. . tabaqāt .
.
. .
Boddhisatva .
.
.
.
types of saints
.
.
awliyāʾ . . maʿrifa
.
. plural
Khatm an-Nabiyyīn
.
Dīwān al-
Awliyāʾ
. . Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafāʼ Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn ʻArabī .
that violate Islam .
.
Musawi
. . ‘Isawi 211
.
Nur Muḥammadi
Isawi . . Isawi . .
.
. .... ... The Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam: The Quranic Hermeneutics of the Sufi Sahl At-Tustari (d. 283/896) . Z Sufi Commentaries on the Quran in Classical Islam .
Ḥaqiqah al-Muḥammadiyya al-Insān al-Kāmil .
. .
multiple prophets at once
. .
.
‘isawi muḥammadi .
‘isawi,
mūsaw hūdī.217
Nur Muḥammadi Ḥaqiqah al-Muḥammadiyya . .
. al-Insān al-Kāmil . International Journal of Middle East Studies . .
.
.
.
. Futūhāt
.
.
Sirat Khatm al-Awliyāʾ
Fūtuḥāt al-Makkiyya
.
.
.
.
. .
. Seal
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
al-insan al-kamil . barzakh
. .
Seal .
.
. Studia Islamica .
. . . takhalluq
.
awliyāʾ takhalluq .
.
takhalluq
. takhalluq
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . hadith qudsi230
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
Sufism and the ‘modern’ in Islam . . . . .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
his social role
.
.
.
.
Studia Islamica .
. . Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism in Muslim Thought: Essays in Honour of Hermann Landolt . . . .
.
.
Dīwān al-Awliyāʾ
Kashful Mahjub
.
.
.
. . . . Studies in West African Islamic History. Vol.1, the Cultivators of Islam . .
.
.
.
.
.
awliyāʾ Ṣ
.
takhalluq . jalali
jamali
.
al-Jabbar
.
.
.
al-Ghaffar .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam . . .
about .
Anthropological Quarterly . .
Annual Review of Sociology .
.
.
.
.
. “
.
Verstehn
. 250
Abdāl Encyclopæedia Iranica
.
Abdāl
.
.
Verstehn . .
abdāl awlīāʾ . baraka karāmāt moʿǰezāt anbīāʾ . šafāʿa . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Encyclopædia Iranica . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
a priori
.
. Muslim Travellers Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination . . .
.
interplay between textual tradition and ethnography
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. . Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta . . American Ethnologist . .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Diwan al-awliyāʾ Lamedvovniks
.
.
.
Habits of the Heart . ... . . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Ibn ʻArabī, the Voyage of no Return . .
. . Encyclopædia Iranica. . . . .
. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam . . . .
. Mystical Islam: An Introduction to Sufism . . . .
. . . Studies in West African Islamic History. Vol.1, the Cultivators of Islam. . . . .
. . Mysticism: A Variety of Psychological Perspectives . .
. Saint Veneration among the Jews in Morocco . .
. The Rebbe, the Messiah, and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference . . .
. The Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam: The Quranic Hermeneutics of the Sufi Sahl at-Tustari (d. 283/896). . . . . . .
. . Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. . . . . .
. . Encyclopædia Iranica. . . . .
. . Archives de sciences sociales des religions . .
. . Sufism and the ‘Modern’ in Islam. . . . . . .
. Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World. .
. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-ʻArabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination. . . .
. . Studia Islamica . .
. Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn ‘Arabī. . . .
. An Ocean without Shore: Ibn ʻArabî, the Book, and the Law. .
. . Encyclopedia of Religion. . . . . .
. Weberian Sociological Theory. .
. Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism. . .
. . Encyclopedia of Religion. . . . . .
. . Encyclopedia of Religion. . . . .
. . . The Encyclopaedia of Islām; a Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples. . . . . . . . .
. . Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta . . History of Religions . .
. . . . Concepts of Person in Religion and Thought . . . . . . .
. . Encyclopedia of Religion . . . . .
. Sociological Theory in the Classical Era: Text and Readings. . .
. . . Muslim Travellers Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination. . . . .
. Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn Al-ʻArabī’s Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. . . .
. . Studia Islamica. .
. . . . The Journal of Religion . .
. . Sociological Analysis . .
. Interpretation of Cultures . .
. . The Islamic Quarterly . .
. Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire . .
. The New Encyclopedia of Islam . . . .
. Muslim Studies. V.2 . .
. . Journal of the American Academy of Religion . .
. . Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn `Arabi Society . .
. . Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies . .
. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . . . . Islamic Studies Online . . . . .
. . Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia . .
. . The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization . . . .
. . International Journal of Middle East Studies . .
. Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic . . .
. The Doctrine of the Ṣūfīs (Kitāb Al-taʻarruf Li-Madhhab Ahl Al- taṣawwuf) . . . . . .
. Sufism: The Formative Period . .
. . . Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy and Mysticism in Muslim Thought: Essays in Honour of Hermann Landolt. . . . . . .
. Dreams, Sufism, and Sainthood: The Visionary Career of Muhammad Al- Zawâwî . . . . . .
. . Annual Review of Anthropology .
Encyclopædia Britannica. . . . .
. Islamic Mysticism: A Short History . . . .
. . Concepts of Person in Religion and Thought. . . . . . .
. . Max Weber & Islam. . . . . .
. Encyclopedia of Religion. . .
. . Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta . . American Ethnologist . .
. . Critique: Critical Middle Easten Studies . .
. . Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafāʼ Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn ʻArabī . .
. . The American Journal of Sociology . .
. The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria . .
. . The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Essays on the Contribution of Peter Brown . . . . . . .
. . Jewish-Muslim Encounters: History, Philosophy, and Culture. . . . . . . .
. . Annual Review of Sociology .
. . Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology .
. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . . . . Oxford Islamic Studies Online . . . . .
. . The Journal of Religion . .
. . .
. . Heritage of Sufism 1, Classical Persian Sufism from its Origins to Rumi, 700-1300. . .
. Historical Dictionary of Sufism . . . . .
. . Defining Islam: A Reader. . . .
. Religion in Sociological Perspective . . . . . .
. . Sociological Analysis . .
. . Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. . . . . .
Z . Sufi Commentaries on the Quran in Classical Islam . .
. . The Catholic Encyclopedia . . . . . . . . .
. . Sufism in Europe and North America. . . .
. . Sociological Analysis . .
. . Journal of Islamic Studies . .
. On Archaeology of Sainthood and Local Spirituality in Islam: Past and Present Crossroads of Events and Ideas. . .
. . On Archaeology .
. . Sociological Analysis .
. . Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations . .
. . . . . Sociology of Religion . .
. . Anthropological Quarterly . .
. In the Vicinity of the Righteous: Ziyāra and the Veneration of Muslim Saints in Late Medieval Egypt . . . .
. . .
. . . Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys . .
. The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism: Two Works by Al-Ḥakīm Al- Tirmidhī . . .
. . The Sufi Orders in Islam . .
. For Weber: Essays on the Sociology of Fate . . .
. . Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology . .
. . The British Journal of Sociology . . .
. Weber and Islam: A Critical Study . .
. Religion and Social Theory . . . .
. Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult . .
. The Spirit of Early Christian Thought: Seeking the Face of God . .
. . ISIM Review .
. Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta . .
Z . . Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology .